消色差超构表面复合透镜

超构表面因其体积轻薄易于集成化,有望在某些特定场合取代传统透镜实现多功能光学器件。超构表面的光束偏转角随波长的增加而增大,与传统折射透镜相比产生相反的色散,这种色散又被称为“异常色散”或“负色散”。理论上利用超构表面的负色散和传统折射光学器件的正色散相抵消,可以完全矫正光学系统的色差。由此出发,设计了一种基于光刻胶材料,由Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)相位型超构表面作为第一透镜,传统球面透镜作为第二透镜的消色差超构表面复合透镜,利用时域有限差分数值模拟软件FDTD Solutions探索了该透镜在780～980 nm波段的聚焦性能,证明了消色差光刻胶超构表面复合透镜优异的消色差效果。相对传统的消色差超构表面通过相位补偿来消色差的方法,这种消色差设计简单且高效,为特定波段内的消色差成像提供了一定的借鉴意义。     

太赫兹宽带消色差偏折器设计

偏折器可以调控电磁波的传播方向,在传感、光通信等领域具有重要的地位,但是色差问题使传统偏折器的偏折方向随波长变化,很大程度上限制了偏折器的发展。为了消除偏折器中的色差问题,通过对太赫兹偏折中色差问题的物理机理进行分析,采用几何相位与共振相位结合的设计方法,在全介质超表面上实现宽带消色差偏折的功能。利用有限时域差分法(FDTD)在0.5 THz到1.1 THz的宽带范围内仿真验证设计的方法并实现了超表面消色差偏折的效果。     

基于消色差透镜的单像素与计算关联光谱成像

光谱成像系统受色差影响会导致图谱混叠，本文将单像素成像以及计算关联成像分别与光谱成像系统相结合，并在系统中引入900～1 700 nm适用的消色差透镜来校正色差。首先计算出不同胶合消色差透镜的色差大小并以此选取透镜，所选消色差透镜相较其它透镜对色差校正可以提高一个量级。其次分析了色差对光谱成像系统的影响以及单像素成像和计算关联成像的差异。最后仿真和试验分析单像素光谱成像和计算关联光谱成像特点。试验结果表明对于900～1 700 nm的近红外光谱成像，基于消色差透镜的单像素光谱成像系统取得了更好的图像重构结果，其峰值信噪比（Peak Signal to Noise Ratio,PSNR）提高了3.93 dB，结构相似度（Structural Similarity, SSIM）提高了0.96%。消色差透镜的单像素光谱成像系统在近红外光谱成像中重构图像效果优于无消色差透镜的计算关联光谱成像。     

长焦深与偏振可控的太赫兹超构表面透镜

为了提高太赫兹超透镜成像的纵向容忍度,设计了一种纯几何相位全介质长焦深超构表面透镜器件。采用纯几何相位自旋解耦的设计方法,并结合时域有限差分（FDTD）方法,对设计的超构表面透镜进行了数值仿真。研究结果表明,所设计的太赫兹超构表面透镜具有偏振可控和长焦深的特性,在沿着传播方向上焦深达到了8 mm,而普通超构表面透镜只有4.5 mm焦深。设计并数值仿真验证了两个太赫兹长焦深聚焦复用的超构表面透镜,并使得横向复用的两个长焦深焦点具有相互正交的偏振态。相关研究有望应用于层析成像和信息加密等方面。     

人眼消色差：色视差问题

如果眼睛不与消色差系统的光轴共轴，那么校正人眼聚焦色差将导致我们所不期望的色视差。用几何光学方法可以证明视差量大约与眼睛的不共轴量成正比，其比例常数与眼睛的色差相同。饮用两种市场上可得到的消色差透镜，通过色差试验证实了此推测。基于这些结果，可以计算出，该消色差透镜给眼睛的复色调制传递函数提供的改进量，将由于透镜和眼睛之间的大约0．4mm的不共轴性抵消。对比灵敏度的心理物理实验已证实了我什1的推测：不关轴量的进一步增大特严重降低已消色差眼睛的成像质量。     

基于单层超表面的双频太赫兹波线偏振变圆偏振转换器

提出了一种基于单层超表面的双频太赫兹波线偏振变圆偏振转换器。该偏振转换器采用两个不同尺寸的十字型金属缝阵列结构形成两个线偏振变圆偏振转换频点,从而实现双频的太赫兹波线偏振变圆偏振转换。计算结果表明,设计的偏振转换器能在0.760THz和1.068THz将一束线偏振太赫兹波转换为圆偏振太赫兹波。该双频的线偏振变圆偏振转换器仅由单层的超表面组成,结构简单易于制备,因而为操控电磁波和设计新颖的太赫兹波器件提供了参照。     

大视场超消色差物镜

三种玻璃为组成超消色差物镜所必须满足的条件应叫做“Herzberger一关系,蔡司超消色差物镜是根据Herzberger和Pulvermacher的学说,按下列规定组成:在5至7片透镜构成的远摄物镜中,有5种Herzberger一关系玻璃片,其中有一种是萤石.     

超表面透镜的像差和成像技术探讨

本文讨论了超表面透镜像差与成像技术,介绍了超表面透镜应用原理,总结局域表面等离激元共振、惠更斯原理、截断波导原理、贝里相位原理四种单元结构,了解到每种单元结构超表面透镜应用要点,最后总结等离子体超表面透镜成像、全介质超表面透镜成像、金属/介质混合的超表面透镜成像的应用,明确不同形式超表面透镜应用侧重点,为超表面透镜像差与成像技术研发与创新积累经验。     

衍/折射光学系统校正二级光谱的研究

将衍射和折射光学元件结合,对星载用宽光谱(420.0～900.0nm)、长焦距(450mm)望远物镜的二级光谱进行了校正,计算了衍射透镜的结构尺寸和望远镜系统的像差.计算机模拟结果表明:采用衍/折射混合校正后的望远物镜的二级光谱不大于0.08mm,轴上点的位置色差也很小,实现了复消色差,光学传递函数也基本接近衍射极限.所设计的整个系统可以满足实用要求.     

基于谐衍射特性的双波段红外系统消热差设计

从谐衍射元件的理论出发,讨论了谐衍射透镜在消色差和消热差时的特性。利用谐衍射透镜独特的色散和消热差特性,再结合其谐振特性,设计并制成了适用于-30℃~70℃的3μm~5μm和8μm~10μm双波段红外消热差的光学系统。该系统通过采用折反结构,仅需锗作为材料,体积小,重量轻,结构简单。结果表明,该系统能够在两个波段内同时较好地校正系统的色差,在要求的视场内得到接近衍射极限的成像质量,具有良好的消色差和减热差特性。该系统经红外传递函数测试仪测试,得出的实际MTF值也基本接近衍射极限。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.