Flow-Sheeting-Programme für die Prozeßsimulation

Flowsheeting systems for process simulation. Simulation of process plants with flowsheeting systems has been state of the art in chemical plant design and in the chemical industry for many years. Modern computers now permit steady state simulation of complex chemical plants with sufficient accuracy. This paper outlines the different approaches to steady state process simulation, names the advantages and disadvantages, and gives an outlook on further developments. Process optimization, process integration, and process synthesis will be discussed. The integration of different programs, e.g. the connection between flowsheeting systems and computer-aided design (CAD) will be described. An advance in user friendliness will be reached by latest developments in the field of personal computers and workstations and by database management systems.     

Erfahrungen mit der Auswahl,Einführung und Anwendung von CAD-Systemen in der Anlagenplanung

Experience gained in the choice, introduction, and application of CAD systems in plant engineering. Computer-aided design in plant engineering is not restricted to technical or chemical engineering calculations but is also used for the creation of graphic design documents. A standing working party ?Computer-aided plant design”? of DECHEMA covered the topic of computer-aided design systems in its sessions of 1982. The presentations are reported here in short form. After an introduction to the problems concerned, the selection, preparation, and use of computer-aided design systems are discussed.     

Rechnergestützte Konfigurierung von RI-Fließbildern am Beispiel von Pumpen

Knowledge-based Design of PI Diagrams Exemplified for Pumps in Chemical Plant. To date, computer-aided design for flow-sheets has focussed on drawing procedures and reports extracted from these drawings. Today's software technology offers important potential which has still not been fully exploited, e.g. for the design of PI diagrams as front-end application of CAD systems. PI diagrams for process units can be designed by means of knowledge-based systems. The input information which has to be supplied by the process engineer comprises e.g. physico-chemical properties, process conditions and start-up and shut-down procedures. The results are PI diagrams as well as the documentation of the design criteria and operating instructions if manual operations on site are necessary. The potential of knowledge-based computer-aided design of PI diagrams is demonstrated in the case of pumps in chemical plant.     

磷酸多格方槽工艺的设计与应用

介绍山东红日集团磷酸装置设计中 ,在充分消化吸收国外同类型装置优点的基础上 ,对多格方形磷酸反应槽的几何尺寸、形式、防腐衬里结构和材料的改进 ;对反应槽搅拌桨关键设计参数的修改 ;对料浆轴流泵结构形式的改进。其结果 :在工程建设中节省大量投资 ;在生产上已正常运行 3年 ,并形成了自己的技术。建议开发和尽可能应用自己的技术 ,以改变我国磷复肥工业过分依赖进口的局面。     

Behandlung von Abwasser aus der metallverarbeitenden Industrie

Treatment of waste water from the metal-working industry. Recent legislation has triggered a round of innovation in purification techniques for the treatment of waste water from the metal-working industry. The historical development took place essentially in three generations, viz. flow-through processes, recycling ion-exchange units, and process oriented work-up. The process engineering of process oriented work-up is basically known with regard to the unit operations. Work performed during the last two years has focussed on transforming the known processing principles into plant engineering and accomplishing the step to the industrial scale plant, i.e. to bring it up to the present state of the art.     

CAPE in der Verfahrenstechnik aus industrieller Sicht – Status,Bedarf, Prognose oder Vision?

CAPE in chemical engineering from an industrial viewpoint – Status, demands, outlook. The use of computers for solving chemical process problems is steadily gaining in importance. Simulation, design, optimization, and synthesis of processes are the main applications. The working group “Process simulation and process design” in the Dechema specialist committee “Use of computers in chemical engineering” has discussed the state of the art of simulation tools. Demands of industry on future tools have been outlined and a new simulator concept presented. If this concept is pursued, then interested companies will have to support development. The article presents background information and is intended to stimulate further interest.     

Möglichkeiten computergestützter Konstruktion im Chemieanlagenbau

Computer aided design of chemical plant. The effort necessary for computing and design of a chemical plant as well as the preparation of documentation has increased. This is a result of the growing complexity of process design in order to satisfy economic criteria and more stringent safety and environmental requirements. The available time is limited. CAD is one of the tools that assists the plant designer by solving all these requirements. Even at the very beginning of the development of digital computers, their possibilities in graphics electronic data processing were recognized. Since the 1970s, CAD has been utilized in plant design. The use of two-dimensional or three-dimensional CAD software is possible. In most cases this is done by using self-contained dedicated solutions. The integration of the applications promises an increase of productivity. To reach this aim a database management system (DBMS) may be useful. DBMS is also useful as an interface to other computing tools like FEM- or process flowsheeting programs. The development of the soft- and hardware domain has reached a level of sophistication which makes the economic utilization of CAD possible. Nevertheless, much work still remains to be done.     

Integrierte Informationsverarbeitung im Anlagenbau

Integrated information processing in plant design. Characteristic for plant design is the cooperation of quite different engineering disciplines. The quality of the engineering therefore is influenced mainly by technical coordination and flow of information between these disciplines. Software applications for plant design are very often individually written systems. It is the aim of data integration to increase the quality of engineering besides the rationalization of work. Depending on existing software, individual solutions for data integration are predominant. These solutions have to correspond to iterative procedures during plant engineering. Object-oriented CAD systems instead of only graphics-oriented CAD software are an important condition for further data integration. However, in order to utilize these advantages for exchanging electronically stored documentation between different companies, all interfaces and data structures have to be publicly available.     

酶工程在医药工业中的应用

酶工程是现代生物技术的重要组成部分,它作为一项高新技术将为各工业的发展起重要推动作用。介绍了酶固定化、基因工程菌(细胞)的固定化、植物细胞培养产酶、酶的化学修饰、核酸酶、抗体酶、酶标药物的理论和技术研究的最新进展以及酶工程在医药工业中的应用,对酶工程的发展前景进行了探讨。     

MINIPLANT-Technik – ausgewählte Aspekte der apparativen Gestaltung

Only in exceptional cases do literature data and computer programs suffice as a basis for the dimensioning of new engineering processes in the chemical industry. As a rule, the new process is constructed with all process steps on a laboratory scale and operated with original products. In doing this, use of made of MINIPLANT engineering, with each process step being performed on the smallest scale which will still permit reproducible operation. This eliminates the need for sophisticated pilot plant. This article presents MINIPLANT equipment for fluid processes such as distillation, rectification, evaporation, and liquid-liquid extraction, for which miniaturisation is farthest advanced. In the development of smaller equipment for solids processing such as drying, crystallisation, and size reduction, further efforts will be required. In conclusion, problem solutions in the area of automation and control are also addressed.     

Einsatzmöglichkeiten drehzahlregelbarer Drehstromantriebe in der chemischen Industrie

Applications of variable speed three-phase motors in the chemical industry. For good reasons, three-phase motors are used very widely in the chemical industry. Their considerable operation advantages have formerly been offset by the drawback of an invariant speed. Since the use of variable-speed three phase motors (with transistor and thyristor technology) has become economical in various applications, new opportunities are opening up for chemical engineering. In order to demonstrate the wide application of this new technology, the article first surveys the electric motors used in a large chemical plant. The two principal motivations for using variable speed three-phase motors are then considered, viz. energy saving and chemical engineering improvements, and the attainable advantages are set out against the technical and economical limitations on use. In conclusion, the risk of breakdown of variable speed three-phase motors is discussed in relation to conventional technology.     

CAE in der Prozeßleittechnik

CAE in process control engineering. The design and operation of chemical engineering plant involves collaboration of various specialist departments over a long period in an iterative sequence of steps. Any change in data in any of the necessary iterative steps can generate expensive errors. The aim of computer application and computerized development is thus basically to improve the integration of the various applications. Technical data processing, especially the use of CAD/CAE systems, therefore provides a framework for a whole group of measures intended to provide tools for mediumterm automatic handling of data and re-use of partial solutions in memory.     

Konzepte und Technologien für Mehrproduktanlagen

Multi-product plants are very flexible units which are finding increasing use in the chemical industry, e. g. for the production of fine chemicals, pharmaceutical active compounds and automotive paints. Various concepts have become established for multi-product plants, depending on the area of use and existing conditions. Technical equipment fitting in with these plant concepts is characterized by standardization, multi-product suitability and a particularly broad area of use. The paper describes four multi-product plant concepts and suggests criteria for selecting the suitable concept for a particular case.     

Wirbelschicht-Technologie: Neuentwicklungen für Kraftwerkstechnik und Umweltschutz

Fluidized bed technology: recent developments for power station engineering and pollution abatement . The principle of fluidization has been successfully applied to numerous areas of chemical engineering. Combustion of coal in a fluidized bed consisting of particles of ash and limestone or dolomite permits low-pollution utilization of coals having lower heating values or high sulphur contents without any need for removing sulphur from the exhaust gases. The present state of the art and world-wide development work on fluidized combustion are considered, as are the future prospects of this new energy technology.     

改性淀粉类绿色化学品开发及应用研究进展

简要介绍了淀粉的结构特点及其物理、化学和酶法等改性方法,重点评述了羧甲基淀粉、氧化淀粉、阳离子淀粉、交联淀粉、接枝淀粉、多元改性淀粉的改性,应用现状和研究成果及其发展趋势。改性淀粉是食品、纺织、造纸、医药等众多工业的原辅料,因此具有广阔的发展前景。     

CAD材料统计表运用层次模板技术的设计和实践

材料统计表是工程设计中的重要文档之一，为工程概预算、材料选购、施工中解读工程项目的施工图和其他文件资料等提供依据，但CAD材料统计表的生成一直是困扰CAD发展的技术难题。介绍了在工厂钢结构设计软件PDSOFT SteelWorks中，运用面向对象的层次模板技术设计CAD材料统计表，大大增强了表格制作的灵活性，避免了大量的重复工作，实践证明使用效果很好。     

Strategie zur festigkeitsmäßigen Auslegung von Druckbehälterkomponenten

Safety of equipment destined for the chemical and power generation industries is still mandatory. Structural changes in the equipment manufacturing industry and the current switch‐over to European and international standards harbour potential dangers which can ultimately manifest themselves in plant safety. Items of equipment used in process engineering are generally not mass produced articles with a generally valid safety standard. In contrast, they are subjected to specified loads and in this respect each one to be regarded as one of a kind. Strength testing is a mandatory requirement. This article considers a number of general points demanding attention in design work and future trends affecting design practice. The gap between research and everyday practice has to be bridged by applications‐orientated presentation of results. The paper presents a number of illustrative examples.     

酶工程研究及应用

酶工程是现代生物技术的重要组成部分，它作为一项高新技术将为各工业的发展起重要推动作用。介绍了酶固定化、基因工程菌（细胞）的固定化、植物细胞培养产酶、酶的化学修饰、核酸酶、抗体酶、酶标药物的理论和技术研究的最新进展以及酶工程在各工业中的应用，对酶工程的发展前景进行了探讨。     

《化工制图》与《CAD 辅助设计》课程整合的实践探索

针对《化工制图》和《CAD 辅助设计》两门课程分开开设存在的问题,从教学实践出发,提出将两门课程的教学内容进行整合的改革方案。在教学过程中,采用项目化教学、多种教学方法综合运用、手工绘图与 CAD 相结合、加强实践环节等措施,并改革考核方式,使培养的学生更能满足化工岗位的需求。     

计算机辅助技术在产业化陶瓷设计中的应用

二十世纪八十年代以来,计算机技术的全方位发展,促进了设计产业的发展,并构成一个举足轻重的“人工环境”,形成了以具有特殊意义的计算机技术为核心,集科学技术、经济、艺术为一体的完整的计算机辅助设计技术。本文就计算机辅助设计技术在产品设计各环节的运用进行了分析、研究,进一步提出了虚拟现实技术在陶瓷产品的研究过程中的应用领域。