累积叠轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用累积叠轧工艺对AZ31 镁合金薄板进行剧塑性变形,研究了累积叠轧变形过程中镁合金板材的组织及性能演变.实验结果表明,累积叠轧可以有效细化AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒组织,显著改善室温延伸率,是制备大尺寸、高性能细晶镁合金板材的一种有效、经济而且可以实现工业化生产的技术.累积叠轧5道次后AZ31镁合金板材组织均匀,晶粒尺寸为1～2μm左右,晶粒细化源于大的累积变形及表面剪切变形;室温抗拉强度和延伸率可达到349MPa和22.46%,可归因于晶粒细化对镁合金强度和塑性的改善.累积叠轧板材的道次间的加热使ARB组织粗化,减小了累积叠轧过程中晶粒持续细化的效果.     

累积叠轧焊过程中的材料界面焊合

累积叠轧焊(ARB)工艺可以制备超细晶、高性能、大尺寸的金属及合金板材,具有自身突出的优越性,容易实现工业化生产,是目前剧塑性变形工艺领域的研究热点之一。ARB变形金属层间的界面焊合强度是影响其工艺及材料工业应用的主要因素之一。本文对累积叠轧焊工艺的界面焊合特点进行了综述,对道次变形量、ARB变形前后退火工艺、板材表面处理等因素对ARB板材界面焊合性能的影响进行深入分析。同时简要介绍了板材界面焊合质量的表征方法。     

异种金属层状复合材料累积叠轧工艺的研究进展

综述了异种材料累积叠轧技术,介绍了累积叠轧的工艺原理及异种材料累积叠轧试样的宏观结构和力学性能研究进展,分析了层状复合材料累积叠轧工艺的复合机理和强化机制,最后展望了异种材料累积叠轧工艺的应用和发展并对进一步的研究提出了建议。     

热轧工艺对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

目的研究大变形量热轧、累积叠轧和普通热轧3种不同加工工艺及后续热处理对AZ31镁合金的组织及室温力学性能的影响。方法将均匀化处理后的AZ31原始样品采用大变形热轧、累积叠轧和普通热轧3种不同加工工艺制备成板材,并进行了后续热处理。利用EBSD技术和力学性能测试,解释了其组织和性能的关系。结果剧烈塑性变形工艺及适宜的热处理工艺,可使AZ31镁合金保持高强度的同时还可兼顾优良的室温延伸率。大变形量热轧工艺制备的AZ31镁合金板材的细晶组织及室温拉伸性能,可与累积叠轧等传统剧烈塑性变形工艺相媲美,屈服强度达到289 MPa,延伸率为7%。结论与普通热轧工艺制得的AZ31镁合金板材相比,大变形量热轧工艺及累积叠轧工艺制得的板材具有更高的强度和塑性。剧烈塑性变形镁合金在低温退火后获得的混晶组织,具有优良的综合力学性能,强度比形变态样品略低,而塑性与完全退火样品相同甚至更好。     

累积叠轧焊合法制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究现状与展望

近年来,累积叠轧焊合法已经成为制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的一种新颖工艺。介绍了累积叠轧焊合法制备复合材料的工艺原理,综述了累积叠轧过程中的颗粒增强金属基复合材料的金属基体与增强颗粒固相复合机制、强化机制以及复合材料性能。同时展望了用累积叠轧焊合法制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究趋势。     

累积复合轧制法制备层状超细晶材料的研究现状

综述了累积复合轧制(ARB)的工艺原理及累积复合轧制材料晶粒的细化机理、力学性能、组织与织构演变特征,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,指出累积复合轧制是制备大块体超细晶金属材料最有效的强烈塑性加工工艺。     

累积叠轧焊温度对AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的研究叠轧温度对AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响。方法在450℃和550℃下,对AZ31镁合金板材进行2道次叠轧,研究不同温度下板材界面裂纹的金相组织、RD-ND面晶体取向、力学性能以及断面形貌的异同。结果 450℃累积叠轧制备的ARB2镁合金板材室温断裂伸长率为2.3%,550℃累积叠轧制备的ARB2镁合金板材室温断裂伸长率为8%;450℃叠轧板材中动态再结晶晶粒大多数尺寸约为1～3μm左右,550℃叠轧板材中动态再结晶晶粒大多数尺寸约为600 nm～2μm。结论通过提高温度,可改善界面结合性能,促进基面晶粒往非基面取向偏转,提升了叠轧板材的力学性能,使叠轧板材由较低温度下的脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变。     

异步叠轧制备超细晶材料的研究进展

介绍了异步叠轧技术(AARB)的发展过程、工艺原理,异步叠轧过程中材料的几何变化、组织特征、晶粒细化机理、织构演变、性能以及模拟等方面的研究进展,分析了目前异步叠轧制备超细晶材料研究中存在的一些问题,同时分析了异步叠轧技术的优越性,指出异步叠轧技术是一种极具生产潜力的制备超细晶或纳米晶块体材料并且可以实现产业化的生产技术方法。     

大塑性变形制备纳米结构材料

大塑性变形(Severe Plastic Deformation,SPD)具有将粗晶材料的晶粒细化到纳米量级的巨大潜力,近年来已经引起人们的极大关注.介绍了几种大塑性变形制备纳米晶材料的方法和原理,如往复挤压、等通道角挤压、高压扭转变形、叠轧、往复折皱-压直等,分析了SPD纳米晶材料的强度与韧性、超塑性、热稳定性等性能,以及当前研究中存在的主要问题,并展望了大塑性变形的应用前景.     

大塑性变形制备超细晶储氢材料的研究进展

分别从机械合金化、等径角挤压、累积叠轧、往复挤压和高压扭转等制备技术出发介绍了大塑性变形制备超细晶储氢材料的研究进展,认为块体机械合金化技术在制备储氢材料方面比传统球磨技术更具优势,提出弄清纳米材料的储氢机理是大幅度提高吸放氢性能的关键,开发储氢性能优异材料的同时要兼顾其力学性能.     

ARB (Accumulative Roll‐Bonding) and other new Techniques to Produce Bulk Ultrafine Grained Materials

Accumulative roll‐Bonding (ARB) is a severe plastic deformation (SPD) process invented by the authors in order to fabricate ultrafine grained metallic materials. ARB is the only SPD process applicable to continuous production of bulky materials. In the process, 50 % rolled material is cut into two, stacked to be the initial dimension and then rolled again. In order to obtain one‐body solid material, the rolling in ARB is not only a deformation process but also a bonding process (roll‐bonding). By repeating this procedure, SPD of bulky materials can be realized. In this review paper, various kinds of new SPD mechanical properties of the ARB processed materials are indicated.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Li-1Al sheets prepared by accumulative roll bonding

Ultrafine-grain and high-strength Mg-5Li-1Al sheets were prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of ARB-processed Mg-5Li-1Al sheets was investigated.Results show that, during ARB process, the evolution of deformation mechanism of t Mg-5Li-1Al alloy is as follows: twinning deformation, shear deformation, forming macro shear zone, and finally dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The grain refining mechanism changes from twin DRX to rotation DRX. With the increase in ARB cycles, strength of the Mg-5Li-1Al sheets is enhanced, whilst elongation varies slightly. With the increase in rolling cycles, anisotropy of mechanical properties decreases. It is conclusive that strain hardening and grain refinement dominate the strengthening mechanism of Mg-5Li-1Al alloy.     

Macro‐ and Nanomechanical Properties and Strain Rate Sensitivity of Accumulative Roll Bonded and Equal Channel Angular Pressed Ultrafine‐Grained Materials

Several processes of severe plastic deformation are suitable for the production of materials with ultrafine‐grained microstructures which are known to exhibit high strength and often good ductility as well as strain rate sensitive behavior. The most promising ones are equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for bulk material and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) for the production of sheet material. In order to evaluate the influence of the process on these mechanical properties and the strain rate sensitivity, tensile tests, and nanoindentation tests were performed on material produced up to similar effective plastic strains of ε_ARB = 6.4 and ε_ECAP = 6.3. It could be shown that the macroscopic strength is slightly higher for ARB than for ECAP material and vice versa in nanoindentation. Independent of the testing method, the strain rate sensitivities and activation volumes are similar for both materials. Thus, both processes performed up to similar effective plastic strains lead to comparable improvements in the mechanical properties. Additionally it could be shown, that this comparison allows the identification of the dominant deformation mechanism which is responsible for the observed strain rate sensitivity.     

Unique mechanical properties of nanostructured metals

Recently, it becomes possible to fabricate bulk metals having ultrafine grained or nanocrystalline structures of which grain size is in nano-meter dimensions. One of the promising ways to realize bulk nanostructured metals is severe plastic deformation (SPD) above logarithmic equivalent strain of 4. We have developed an original SPD process, named Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) using rolling deformation in principle, and have succeeded in fabricating bulk nanostructured sheets of various kinds of metals and alloys. The ARB process and the nanostructured metals fabricated by the ARB are introduced in this paper. The nanostructured metals sometimes perform quite unique mechanical properties, that is rather surprising compared with conventionally coarse grained materials. The unique properties seem to be attributed to the characteristic structures of the nano-metals full of grain boundaries.     

AZ31镁合金在累积叠轧焊过程中的界面焊合研究

采用扫描电境观察了AZ31镁合金在累积叠轧焊(ARB)过程中的界面焊合现象。结果表明:轧前预热温度为300℃和道次压下量为50%的累积叠轧焊工艺可以使AZ31板材获得良好的界面焊合,后续的累积叠轧焊变形可以有效改善界面焊合质量。ARB板材的拉伸断口呈现典型的延性断裂形貌,界面未形成良好焊合的部分呈现裂口焊合形貌。累积叠轧焊变形中的界面焊合过程包括:表面硬化脆性层减薄、断裂,氧化膜破碎,暴露出来的新鲜金属在轧制压力的作用下沿裂纹流动、相互接触,形成冶金结合。后续退火可以改善界面焊合质量。     

Analysis of through-thickness heterogeneities of microstructure and texture in nickel after accumulative roll bonding

The through-thickness heterogeneities of the microstructure and texture have been investigated in pure nickel processed by six cycles of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) with lubrication applied during each rolling pass. Strong rolling textures are found in the intermediate and center layers of the deformed sample, whereas increased fractions of the shear texture are observed near the surface. Significant differences at different depths are also revealed in the fractions of areas containing either predominantly low angle misorientations or predominantly high angle misorientations. It is found that the fractions of such areas are much more sensitive to the deformation history than the average parameters based on the measurements of the boundary spacing and fractions of high angle boundaries. For the material studied in this work, the area fraction of the low misorientation regions appears to correlate with the summed fraction of the rolling texture components. The observed microstructural and textural variations are discussed and compared with literature data, taking into account the influence of large-draught rolling and lubrication on the distribution of strain imposed during the ARB process.     

Tailoring materials properties of UFG aluminium alloys by accumulative roll bonded sandwich-like sheets

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) as a method of severe plastic deformation is a well-established process to produce ultrafine-grained (UFG) sheet materials with extraordinary mechanical properties. In this work ARB is applied to combine different sheet materials in order to tailor the materials properties by producing sandwich-like structures. The high strength aluminium alloy AA5754, after 4 ARB cycles (N4), is used as a core material. To achieve high corrosion resistance and good visual properties, it is cladded with commercially pure aluminium AA1050A (N4) at room temperature and alternatively with AA6014 (N4) at 230 °C. All materials are UFG and satisfactory bonding between the different layers of aluminium alloys is achieved. Nanoindentation measurements reveal that there is a sharp transition in hardness at the interface. The yield and tensile strength of the core material are fully retained in the case of the AA6014/AA5754 sandwich. The strength of the AA1050A/AA5754 sandwich is slightly lower compared to the core material but still twice as high as the clad material. The serrated yielding effect which is strongly visible in tensile tests on the pure AA5754 alloy completely disappears in the sandwich sheets, which means the surface quality is strongly enhanced.     

Tailoring nanostructured, graded, and particle-reinforced Al laminates by accumulative roll bonding

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is a very attractive process for processing large sheets to achieve ultrafine-grained microstructure and high strength. Commercial purity Al and many Al alloys from the 5xxx and the precipitation strengthened 6xxx alloy series have been successfully processed by the ARB process into an ultrafine-grained state and superior ductility have been achieved for some materials like technical purity Al. It has also been shown that the ARB process can be successfully used to produce multi-component materials with tailored properties by reinforcement or grading, respectively. This allows optimizing the properties based on two or more materials/alloys. For example, to achieve high corrosion resistance and good visual surface properties it is interesting to produce a composite of two different Al alloys, where for example a high strength alloy of the 5xxx series is used as the core material and a 6xxx series alloy as the clad material. It has been shown that such a composite achieves more or less the same strength as the core material although 50% of the composite consists of the significant softer clad alloy. Furthermore, it has been found, that the serrated yielding which typically appears in 5xxx series alloys and limits applications as outer skin materials completely disappears. Moreover, the ARB process allows many other attractive ways to design new composites and graded material structures with unique properties by the introduction of particles, fibres and sheets. Strengthening with nanoparticles for example is a very attractive way to improve the properties and accelerate the grain refining used in the severe plastic deformation process. With an addition of only 0.1 vol.-% Al2O3 nanoparticles a significantly accelerated grain refinement has been found which reduces the number of ARB passes necessary to achieve the maximum in strength. The paper provides a short review on recent developments in the field of ARB processing for producing multicomponent ultrafine-grained sheet materials with tailored properties.