声发射检测中的压电换能器

在声发射检测中，传感器是获取信息的关键部件之一。目前绝大部分声发射传感器都是压电换能器。就采用压电原理的声发射传感器的发展及其校准问题作概述，对声发射传感器中的特殊问题孔径效应及其对传感器设计、性能和校准的影响进行讨论。     

热超声键合压电换能器的动力学特性

基于有限元方法和试验测试,研究了芯片封装用压电超声换能器的动力学特忡。借助ANSYS压电耦合和非线性接触分析功能,对换能器自由和约束状态下的振动特性进行了分析。探讨了超声能量在空间域、时域和频域的传递规律。由模态分析得到换能器的振动形式,通过谐响应分析提取其在正弦电压激励下的振动信息,经瞬态分析获得换能器的瞬态响应。结果表明,螺栓径向尺寸和预紧力影响换能器的模态分布和动态特性,压电晶堆加载电压的频率影响超声能量传递特性。通过键合试验考察了焊点质量与螺栓径向尺寸的关系。分析和试验结果为换能器设计和键合工艺优化提供了指导。     

基于Matlab压电超声换能器匹配电路的研究

为了使超声振子获得良好的振动效果,必须设计高效的匹配电路。对单个电感、电容的串联和并联匹配电路进行了研究。利用等效电路法推导出匹配电路的阻抗公式,根据该公式,采用Matlab平台仿真得到不同参数的各匹配电路阻抗特性曲线。通过分析阻抗特性曲线得出匹配电路及匹配参数对系统谐振频率、阻抗及机电耦合系数的影响规律。实验结果表明:仿真结果与实验结果一致,所得结论为压电换能器匹配电路的设计提供了理论依据。     

压焊

20095112超声焊接压电换能器的研制／齐海群…／／焊接学报．-2009,30（6）：17-20 基于变截面杆作一维纵向振动运动方程,在理论分析的基础上,根据四端网络传递方程和端面运动状态,推导出了常用截面形状细杆在各种运动状态下,边界条件和四端网络传递矩阵参数以及频率方程。研究了适用于超声焊接的压电换能器的设计方法。     

压焊

20095112超声焊接压电换能器的研制／齐海群…／／焊接学报．-2009,30（6）：17-20 基于变截面杆作一维纵向振动运动方程,在理论分析的基础上,根据四端网络传递方程和端面运动状态,推导出了常用截面形状细杆在各种运动状态下,边界条件和四端网络传递矩阵参数以及频率方程。研究了适用于超声焊接的压电换能器的设计方法。     

PSN-PZT系统收发兼用换能器压电陶瓷材料的性能研究

通过对PSN-PZT系统PSN的含量和Zr/Ti比值的调整,使系统点处于准同型相界附近时性能可以得到优化,这一点从微观结构分析得到验证.通过引入Sr2 、Nb5 和Mn2 等离子,对系统进行A位和B位掺杂取代来提高其性能,获得了性能优异的压电陶瓷材料,其d33·g33最大值可达16030×10-15 CVm/N2,适于用作收发兼用的换能器材料.     

大功率超声换能器的研制

研究了功率超声换能器的设计方法,依据超声换能器理论建立数学模型,确定了功率超声换能器的工程设计方法,得出功率超声换能器的设计特点及参数,这种功率超声换能器可推广应用。     

超声-电弧复合焊接系统换能器优化设计

研究了超声-电弧复合焊接系统中超声换能器的优化设计方法.根据超声-电弧复合焊接系统工作条件确定了超声换能器整体形式和各部分材料.通过传统解析法推导了超声换能器整体谐振频率方程,求解各部分基础尺寸.利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对解析法设计的超声换能器结构进行了模态分析,研究了前后盖板尺寸对于超声换能器谐振频率的影响并优化...     

压电换能器在谐振频率附近的等效电路仿真及实验研究

针对压电换能器的串并联谐振频率附近难以确定其最优匹配阻抗参数等问题,采用saber软件对阻抗匹配过程中匹配电感的参数进行仿真分析,以研究匹配电感参数对串并联谐振频率区电流大小及高频变压器次级电流电压相位差的影响。同时,对空载、加载等工况下串并联谐振区进行实验研究与验证。研究结果表明:将匹配电感调至最佳值时,压电换能器的输出电流最大,高频变压器次级电流电压相位差为零;压电换能器在空载工况下,其工作于串联谐振状态时的性能较好;而在加载工况下,其工作于并联谐振状态时的性能较好。     

A self-calibrating piezoelectric transducer with integral sensor for in situ energy calibration of acoustic emission

Piezoelectric transducers are used as both transmitters and sensors in acoustic emission (AE) testing applications. However, the transducer outputs are significantly affected by the coupling between the transducer and the structure. This means that the coupling must be very carefully controlled or assessed if reliable AE calibration sources are to be generated, and be considered in the AE system calibration if reliable AE measurements are to be made. The paper shows that by integrating a piezoelectric AE sensor to the backing of a conical piezoelectric transducer acting as the transmitter, a self-calibrating AE energy point source can be obtained. There is a negative linear relationship between the AE signal energy from the backing sensor and the coupling efficiency for a constant electrical input to the transmitter over the frequency range of interest in AE measurements (100 kHz to around 1 MHz). This should enable the strength of the simulated AE point source to be determined using the AE measurement from the backing sensor, and hence to facilitate in situ energy calibration of AEs in structures.     

基于DSP控制的超声金属焊接电源

为了进一步提高超声金属焊接的可靠性与稳定性,针对现有模拟超声焊接电源频率跟踪性能差、焊接过程振幅不可调的缺陷,文中提出了基于数字信号处理器(DSP)控制的超声电源方案.通过采集压电换能器两端电压、电流相位差,利用增量式PI控制算法实现了焊接过程的频率跟踪;采用脉冲宽度调节的方式实现了焊接过程超声振幅大小的调节.结果表明,采用数字控制的超声电源,实现了焊接过程振幅的连续可调;负载突变时,0.32 ms时间内可以实现频率跟踪过程.     

一种用于焊接结构超声成像检测的SH导波换能器

板中水平剪切导波可用于焊接结构板材远距离成像检测,超声SH导波换能器的性能对较大尺度焊接结构板材超声导波成像检测至关重要.对板中SH导波进行了动力学分析,并结合半波长条件设计了合理的斜楔角度、压电晶片频率及尺寸等导波换能器的重要参数,通过加前背衬、取消后背衬、楔块前沿设置锯齿槽等措施,简化了换能器的工艺结构,减小了换能器内部回波干扰,提高了检测灵敏度.结果表明,设计研发的SH导波换能器激发的导波有较强的检测能力,可用于对较为复杂的T形一对焊焊接结构板材进行成像检测,能够有效表征焊接结构板材中与导波波长尺寸量级相当的缺陷,其性能指标达到了较大尺度焊接结构板材成像检测的要求.为开展较大尺度焊接结构超声导波成像检测奠定了基础.     

Matching ultrasonic transducer using two matching layers where one of them is glue

The aim of this work is to propose an original solution to the acoustic impedance mismatch between a PZT transducer and a water load. The characteristic acoustic impedance of the PZT is around 33 MRayl. Theoretically, a quarter-wave layer with characteristic acoustic impedance equal to 7 MRayl is necessary to match the transducer to water. In practice, it is difficult to find a material with this particular impedance. Two or more quarter-wave layers may also be used. The following proposed solution consists in using two matching layers where one of them is the glue. Moreover, their thicknesses are not equal to a quarter of their individual wavelength. Once the glue is taken as the first matching layer, the specific material of the second layer can easily be found. In this work, the second layer, which is also the front layer, is made of glass. The thickness of each matching layer is then calculated as a function of the characteristic acoustic impedance of the two layers. The influence of the thickness of these layers is discussed. The proposed matching configuration is analyzed and theoretical results have been carefully and successfully compared with measurements.     

超声电机压电陶瓷和铜定子弹性体钎焊工艺

分别采用Sn-40Pb,Sn-3.5Ag和Sn-52In钎料对PZT8压电陶瓷和铜定子弹性体进行了钎焊试验,对比分析了3种钎料钎焊定子的振动性能以及钎焊压力对振动性能的影响. 结果表明,采用Sn-52In钎料,配合松香类有机钎剂,在峰值温度141 ℃,回流时间116 s,钎焊压力38.26~114.78 kPa内的工艺条件下,钎焊形成定子的振动性能最好;在电压峰峰值80 V的激励下,钎焊定子的振幅为2.5 μm,达到了胶粘定子的振动水平;钎焊接头的抗剪强度达到6.88 MPa,超过了超声电机定子对力学性能(≥5 MPa)应用的要求,有望解决胶粘工艺胶接层老化的问题,从而提高超声电机的使用寿命.     

超声波焊接振动问题的数值仿真方法

针对电子元气件在超声波焊接后出现的失效问题,研究用数值仿真的方法来进行建模分析.首先,根据超声波工作机理,简化焊接系统模型,提出适合仿真的加载方法和能量转化形式.然后,根据上述假设,建立热-力耦合数值仿真模型,以计算得到的温度场结果分析模型的可行性.最后,以手机电池焊接装配为例,建立三维有限元模型,利用得到的仿真结果分析振动,提出减振措施并做试验验证.     

变频调速器在无级变速切削车床中的应用

详细论述了变频调速器在CA5140／BQ无级变速越削车床中的控制方式，参数设置及与主传动系统的连接，最后结合实例应用阐明了无级变速车削方法对提高零件表面加工质量的意义。     

Enhancement of ultrasonic signal using a new design of Rayleigh-wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer

The main disadvantage of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) is their inefficiency in generating ultrasound. A new design of Rayleigh-wave EMAT is proposed with improved ultrasonic generation efficiency on non-ferromagnetic materials. The new EMAT's magnet is narrower than the meander-line coil used in the transducer and the coil itself has an uneven distribution of conductors. The principle of the new design is informed by finite element simulations, which show that the EMAT generates Rayleigh waves more efficiently by taking advantage of both horizontal and vertical magnetic fields of the magnet simultaneously. Experimental measurements verify that the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic signal generated by the new design of EMAT working under a pulse-echo configuration has been enhanced by 90%, when compared to conventional designs.