移动式大流量天然气安全供气技术研究

随着国家环保要求的不断提高,业内逐渐重视利用清洁能源进行发电,其中以天然气为燃料的往复式发电机组在一定条件下具有较大的技术和经济优势;海洋石油平台发电也较多的使用了往复式发电机组进行发电。然而,如何在成橇厂家或者海洋石油平台建造场地进行天然气往复式发电机组的调试是个难题,主要障碍是如何安全稳定提供大流量天然气供给。本文结合海洋石油平台建造场地天燃气往复式发电机组的调试,对移动式大流量天然气的安全供气技术进行分析介绍,为需要提供移动式大流量天然气供气的类似工况开拓了一项解决方案。     

Daniel3818型液体超声波流量计

正艾默生过程控制有限公司宣布推出用于液化天然气高精度流量计量的DanielTM 3818型液体超声波流量计。该流量计专为降低液化天然气流量计量的不确定度而设计,是海运及近海应用场合的理想选择,可用于贸易交接和财务结算计量、管线平衡、计量比对、分配计量以及轮船装卸等场合。利用DanielTM 3818型液体超声波流量计对液化天然气进     

流量管理器在天然气计量中的应用

本文介绍了美国Emerson公司生产的用于天然气体积流量计量的FloBossTMROC407和FloBossTM103流量管理器的特点,在油田天然气流量计量中的应用以及应用中需注意的一些问题.     

液化天然气接收站流量计选型设计与应用研究

针对液化天然气接收站介质特性及工艺流程,该文简单介绍了液化天然气工程中常用流量计的工作原理及优缺点,给出了流量计选型的一般步骤,最后通过实例介绍了流量计选型的过程,并对选型时应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

辽河油田天然气利用工程自动控制系统设计

针对辽河油田天然气利用工程具体情况,提出了天然气管道工程的自动化系统设计方案、系统构成及功能。对SCADA系统、调压橇、火气系统、工业电视监控系统、计量系统、控制阀及执行机构各部分内容进行了详细介绍。     

T型头在提高气体超声波流量计信噪比中的应用分析

超声波流量计广泛应用于苏里格气田天然气外贸交接工作,由于与超声波流量计串联使用的调节阀节流而产生的噪声对超声波流量计的正常工作产生了较大干扰,造成气体流量计量失准。本文通过第五天然气处理厂增加T型头后流量计的工作情况,对T型头在超声波流量计计量工作中的降噪性能进行了探讨。     

海上平台用橇装化天然气离心压缩机组的开发研制

海上平台用橇装离心式天然气压缩机组是海上油气田开发应用的重要装置[1-2]。基于国内对天然气压缩机技术的发展现状[3-6]，本文分析了海上平台用橇装化离心式压缩机组的工作特点，同时结合国外在役机组的运行经验，研制了国内某海上平台项目撬装天然气离心压缩机，阐述机组的结构设计方案和撬装布局设计，分析了转子的稳定性和机壳、底座的强度，经试验验证，机组各项指标满足技术协议的要求。     

多声道气体超声流量计在城市煤气的应用

一概述 1．气体超声流量计进入市场的机遇 在我国以前常用孔板、罗茨（腰轮）、涡轮和膜盒式等气体流量计来测量城市燃气的流量,直到上世纪90年代中后期才掀起使用气体超声流量计（Gas UItrasonic Flowmeter,GUSF）热潮,成为继孔板、涡轮流量计之后的一类重要的天然气用流量计,在“西气东输”的干线中将气体超声流量计作为流量计量的首选仪表。     

大型往复压缩机橇现场组装施工模式探究

国外某大型天然气增压工程,针对项目工期紧投产任务重的特点,将成撬工作进行拆分,成橇商只负责部分设备及配套设施采购和工厂成橇工作,总包负责采购发动机、空冷器、橇间管线等部分。在未进行整机试验的情况下,针对大型往复式压缩机组容易出现的振动问题,通过设计阶段的扭振分析及脉动分析优化成撬设计,有效地控制机组本体振动。同时在试运阶段,基于机组实际运行效果优化橇内布局,改善了局部位置的振动过大及操作不便的问题,保证机组平稳运行的同时大大提高了用户满意度。     

双腔孔板流量计在贸易计量系统的设计与应用

近年来,国际上对天然气需求逐年增加,为实现天然气贸易交接的高效和精准,天然气计量手段尤为重要。本文介绍了几种天然气常用流量计,通过对比发现,双腔孔板流量计优势明显。结合孟加拉RMS(Regulation and Metering Station)调压计量站项目的具体工艺条件,根据流量计的计算书,形成以双腔孔板流量计为主要计量仪表的计量系统设计方案。拓展了基于双腔孔板流量计作为天然气贸易计量手段的新思路,为我国“一带一路”发展战略提供了经典案例。     

Coriolis mass flow metering for three-phase flow: A case study

Previous work has described the use of Coriolis mass flow metering for two-phase (gas/liquid) flow. As the Coriolis meter provides both mass flow and density measurements, it is possible to resolve the mass flows of the gas and liquid in a two-phase mixture if their respective densities are known. To apply Coriolis metering to a three-phase (oil/water/gas) mixture, an additional measurement is required. In the work described in this paper, a water cut meter is used to indicate what proportion of the liquid flow is water. This provides sufficient information to calculate the mass flows of the water, oil and gas components. This paper is believed to be the first to detail an implementation of three-phase flow metering using Coriolis technology where phase separation is not applied.Trials have taken place at the UK National Flow Standards Laboratory three-phase facility, on a commercial three-phase meter based on the Coriolis meter/ water cut measurement principle. For the 50 mm metering system, the total liquid flow rate ranged from 2.4 kg/s up to 11 kg/s, the water cut ranged from 0% to 100%, and the gas volume fraction (GVF) from 0 to 50%. In a formally observed trial, 75 test points were taken at a temperature of approximately 40 °C and with a skid inlet pressure of approximately 350 kPa. Over 95% of the test results fell within the desired specification, defined as follows: the total (oil+water) liquid mass flow error should fall within ±2.5%, and the gas mass flow error within ±5.0%. The oil mass flow error limit is ±6.0% for water cuts less than 70%, while for water cuts between 70% and 95% the oil mass flow error limit is ±15.0%.These results demonstrate the potential for using Coriolis mass flow metering combined with water cut metering for three-phase (oil/water/gas) measurement.     

On field characterisation of static domestic gas flowmeters

Different solutions to the metering of natural gas consumption can be adopted according to whether the distribution is domestic or industrial. In the domestic field, almost all the flow meters used by natural gas distribution companies are conventional diaphragm meters, whereas greater flow rates justify metrologically better performing measurement systems. The requirement for new safety and remote-reading related functions and the availability of new technologies is now encouraging the use of static innovative flow meters. In the present study, after a short analysis of metering principles and of static ultrasonic flow meter characteristics, the authors report the results of the field tests carried out on two different types of static ultrasonic flow meter for 2 years.     

Study on application of wet gas metering technology in shale gas measurement

The application of wet gas flow meter at shale gas wellhead is of great significance to reduce the investment and operation cost of shale gas extraction. In this paper, the flow conditions at the wellhead of shale gas and the principles of the current wet gas flow meters are briefly analyzed. A wet gas flow meter was tested on the wet gas flow test facility, and its performance of flow rates evaluation is studied, which is helpful to optimize the wet gas metering process design of shale gas wellhead and to improve the wet gas metering technology. This study shows that the measurement principles of the current wet gas flow meters are feasible, however, the calibration by using the wet natural gas at working conditions can help to enhance the meter's measure performance.     

Wet gas metering with a horizontally mounted Venturi meter

Wet gas metering is becoming an increasingly important problem to the Oil and Gas Industry. The Venturi meter is a favoured device for the metering of the unprocessed wet natural gas production flows. Wet gas is defined here as a two-phase flow with up to 50% of the mass flowing being in the liquid phase. Metering the gas flowrate in a wet gas flow with use of a Venturi meter requires a correction of the meter reading to account for the liquids effect. Currently, most correlations in existence were created for Orifice Plate Meters and are for general two-phase flow. However, due to no Venturi meter correlation being published before 1997 industry was traditionally forced to use these Orifice Plate Meter correlations when faced with a Venturi metering wet gas flows. This paper lists seven correlations, two recent wet gas Venturi correlations and five older Orifice Plate general two-phase flow correlations and compares their performance with new independent data from the NEL Wet Gas Loop with an ISA Controls Ltd. Standard specification six inch Venturi meter of 0.55 beta ratio installed. Finally, a new correlation is offered.     

基于双节流装置的湿气测量方法

湿气作为一种石油天然气行业经常出现的流体,对于湿气的准确测量具有重要的意义。目前常用的方法是在气液分离之后采用单相仪表进行计量,而这种方法成本较高,因此为实现湿气的气液两相在线不分离测量,设计一种基于类内锥和长喉径类文丘里组合的双节流湿气流量测量装置,提出一种基于三级差压信号的测量方法,引入差压信号的比值作为建模的关键参数。同时建立并比较研究此双节流装置的4套湿气测量模型在实验室和现场的表现。经实验室验证,平均气相测量精度为2.13%,平均液相测量精度6.68%。现场性能测试结果表明未经修正的测量模型平均气相测量误差为7.87%,平均液相误差为15.96%,经二次修正后可实现平均气相测量误差优于±3%,液相测量满度误差优于±10%。     

远程调节计量泵的研制

计量泵是一种可按工艺流程的要求,实现流量调节、精确计量和连续给料的特殊通用机械产品,广泛应用于石油化工和金属冶炼等领域。为满足远程调节流量的要求,设计开发了一种新型远程调节计量泵。该产品采用电机替代传统手轮调节行程长度,并借助通过PLC和反馈机构进行闭环控制,具备远程精确调节的功能。     

天然气商品计量系统集成技术

以西气东输工程为龙头的中国石油四横三纵的天然气管道网络已经形成，天然气开始进入全国23个省市七十多个城市．预计天然气商品计量交接系统将有28亿元的市场商机。本文从技术角度通过四个方面讨论如何将计量交接系统的组装成套转变成系统集成．营造一个科学的、公平的、公正的天然气贸易交接的市场环境。     

The development of a multiphase flow meter without separation based on sloped open channel dynamics

The online continuous measurement of multiphase flow is one of the most key technologies which influences the development of oil industry in future. A new type of multiphase meter system is developed based on the open channel flow. The test pipe of the meter is slightly slopped to make the flow pattern mainly stratified flow. Based on the study of oil and gas flow dynamics in the open channel test pipe, the liquid metering model and gas metering model are deduced to calculate the gas and the liquid flow rate, the water cut is measured online by the principle of differential pressure. This device can work online without the separation of the production fluid. By the lab test and field application test, the results of the metering system show that the liquid flow rate errors are within ±5%, the gas flow rate errors can be within ±5%, and the water cut absolute error is within ±2%, which can meet the demands of the field flow rate measurement.     

Analysis of high pressure tests on wet gas flow metering with a Venturi meter

This work deals with the flow metering of wet gas issued from high pressure natural reservoirs. Some recent results obtained from tests performed on the CEESI facilities are presented. They are performed at 75 bar with 0.6 beta ratio Venturi meter installed in horizontal pipe configuration. Correction factors obtained are compared to predictions deduced from the flow modelling inside of the meter. These results are analysed in order to explain the agreements or disagreements obtained between the experiments and the flow modelling.     

Uncertainty study of fiscal orifice meter used in a gas Algerian field

Uncertainty variation of a fiscal orifice measurement system used in an Algerian natural gas exportation station is studied using data from a natural gas production field known as Gas Tin Fouye Tabankort (GTFT) located in the south-east of Algeria. The expected results are uncertainty calculus over a range of temperature and pressure variation and to the customs authorities’ allocation.In fact, each quantity of measured fluid flow has certain uncertainty and then the fiscal measurement station is very important for gas exportation, which means the income. Therefore, the pursuit of flow metering device uncertainty and its influence on the measured quantities in the transmission networks is very important.For that, the uncertainty caused by flowmeter in the measurement station causing economical revenue fluctuations is studied. The work was done to justify why there is a production decrease of hydrocarbons without identifying reasons during summer. The difference between the mass flow rate quantity produced and the transmitted value was important that is why our work is done to clarify exactly from where the problem can come.The measurements setting with two operating conditions (gas temperature and pressure) show that the uncertainty is dominated by seasonal temperatures and pressures variations which induce fluctuation in gas and pipe temperatures and influence the metrological performance of the transmitters. Indeed, the metrological measurement chain performance is affected also by these two operating conditions.The present work is done according to the ONML (National Legal Metrological Office) instructions regarding differences between the measured and the seller values represented by the mass flow rate.In natural gas transmission network, the important problem in the management and control of the network is represented by the unaccounted for gas, a quantity of measuring error which is to be considered in the equation of network balancing. One of the unaccounted for gas sources are the environmental conditions and systematic measurement errors.In this work, the calculation of the combined uncertainty of the mass flow rate measured by an Orifice fiscal gas metering plant is done. From the results founded, the authors confirm that the uncertainty in the measurement system causing by the climatic conditions generates unaccounted for gas.