Edge preserving adaptive anisotropic diffusion filter approach for the suppression of impulse noise in images

This paper proposes a new anisotropic diffusion approach to remove the impulse noise and retain the fine details. The proposed approach contains two stages, the first stage detects the impulse noise, and the second stage removes the noisy pixel and retains the fine details of the original image. The Laplacian operator is used to fine-tune the image quality of the restored image in the anisotropic diffusion filter. The proposed approach is tested with PSNR, IEF, correlation factor, and NSER for different test images and the results are compared against existing algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed approach gives better results than the existing denoising algorithms.     

一种改进的各向异性扩散模型

各项异性扩散方程是一种经典的图像去噪方法,但该方法在去除噪声的过程中会造成一定程度的模糊边缘。对此文中提出了一种基于改进的各向异性扩散方程的图像去噪方法,通过在其能量泛函的目标函数中添加残差项,使能量泛函的极小解更加接近原始的函数,可取得比其更好的去噪效果。文中方法可看作是各项异性扩散方程和全变差模型的结合。实验表明,新提出的方程相对经典的方程有较好的边界处理效果和更高的信噪比。     

Anisotropic diffusion for image denoising based on diffusion tensors

In this paper, the anisotropic diffusion for image denoising is considered. A new method to construct diffusion tensors is proposed. The tensors obtained by our approach depend on four directional derivatives of the intensity of an image, and hence they are adaptively determined by local image structure. It is shown that the proposed diffusion filter is isotropic in the interior of a region, whereas it is anisotropic at edges. This property of tensors allows us to efficiently remove noise in an image, particularly noise at edges. Several numerical experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real images.     

结合NSST和快速非局部均值滤波的刀具图像去噪

为消除基于图像处理的刀具磨损检测中的图像噪声,提出了结合非下采样Shearlet变换(Non-subsampled Shearlet Transform, NSST)和快速非局部均值(Fast Non-local Means, FNLM)滤波的图像去噪方法。首先,利用基于决策的非对称剪切中值(Decision Based Un-symmetric Trimmed Median, DBUTM)方法滤除图像中的椒盐噪声;然后,对图像进行NSST多尺度分解,得到一个低频子带和一系列高频子带;最后,分别使用FNLM滤波和各向异性扩散模型调整低频和高频子带系数,并由调整后的各子带系数重构出噪声滤除后的图像。实验结果表明,与基于小波的阈值收缩方法、基于Contourlet的全变差模型结合各向异性扩散方法、基于NSST和标准非局部均值滤波方法相比,本文方法在主观视觉去噪效果、峰值信噪比、结构相似度以及处理速度等4个方面性能更优。      

Spectral-spatial adaptive and well-balanced flow-based anisotropic diffusion for multispectral image denoising

Anisotropic diffusion can provide better compromise between noise reduction and edge preservation. In multispectral images, there exist different spatial local structures in the same band. Therefore, the levels of smoothing of anisotropic diffusion process should conform to both of image spectral and spatial features. In this paper, we present an effective denoising algorithm by integrating the spectral-spatial adaptive mechanism into a well-balanced flow (WBF) based anisotropic diffusion model, in which an adjustable weighted function is introduced to perform the appropriate levels of smoothing and enhancing according to different feature scales. Moreover, we make the fidelity term in the model to be adaptive by replacing the original noisy signal with the last evolution of the smoothed image. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can better control the diffusion behavior than traditional multispectral diffusion-based algorithms. The experimental results verify that our algorithm can improve visual quality of the image and obtain better quality indices.     

非线性扩散方程在SAR图像噪声抑制中的应用

将光学图像加性噪声抑制的非线性扩散方程引入到SAR图像相干斑抑制中，通过分析SAR图像的相干斑噪声模型在功率图像域以及功率图像的对数域上的表现特性，说明了基于加性噪声模型的非线性扩散方程在SAR图像噪声抑制中的应用可能性，并由此设计了基于非线性扩散方程的SAR图像噪声抑制算法。计算结果表明，与现有的SAR噪声抑制方法相比，非线性扩散方程方法具有更强的对背景区域的噪声抑制能力，且能更好地保持目标特征。     

基于稀疏表示的红外图像去噪算法研究

红外图像具有动态范围窄、对比度低、易受噪声污染等缺点,传统红外图像去噪算法在去除噪声的同时也滤掉了图像细节。提出了一种基于稀疏表示的红外图像去噪新方法。该方法首先将原始红外图像进行聚类分析,再将每一聚类子图像分解成字典,由稀疏系数矩阵重构去噪后的红外图像。实验结果表明,该方法相比于传统红外图像去噪算法,能更好地保留图像的细节信息,视觉效果比较理想。     

An edge fusion scheme for image denoising based on anisotropic diffusion models

In this paper, we propose an enhanced anisotropic diffusion model. The improved model can classify finely image information as smooth regions, edges, corners and isolated noises by characteristic parameters and gradient variance parameter. And for different image information the eigenvalues of diffusion tensor are designed to conduct adaptive diffusion. Moreover, an edge fusion scheme is posed to preserve edges after denoising by combing different denoising and edge detection methods. Firstly, different denoising methods are applied for noisy image to obtain denoised images, and the best method among them is selected as main method. Then edge images of denoised images are obtained by edge detection methods. Finally, by fusing edge images together more integrated edges can be achieved to replace edges of denoised image obtained by main method. The experimental results show the proposed model can denoise meanwhile preserve edges and corners, and the edge fusion scheme is accurate and effective.     

Fractional-order anisotropic diffusion for image denoising.

This paper introduces a new class of fractional-order anisotropic diffusion equations for noise removal. These equations are Euler-Lagrange equations of a cost functional which is an increasing function of the absolute value of the fractional derivative of the image intensity function, so the proposed equations can be seen as generalizations of second-order and fourth-order anisotropic diffusion equations. We use the discrete Fourier transform to implement the numerical algorithm and give an iterative scheme in the frequency domain. It is one important aspect of the algorithm that it considers the input image as a periodic image. To overcome this problem, we use a folded algorithm by extending the image symmetrically about its borders. Finally, we list various numerical results on denoising real images. Experiments show that the proposed fractional-order anisotropic diffusion equations yield good visual effects and better signal-to-noise ratio.     

一种改进型各向异性扩散滤波器

通过分析Perona和Malik(PM)扩散滤波器扩散率函数的统计学意义,提出一种关于扩散率函数的统计学解释模型,即扩散率函数定义了一个以边界估计算子为随机变量的概率密度函数,解决了扩散率函数设计和选择没有统一理论的问题.依据这一解释模型,设计出一种改进型的各向异性扩散滤波器.实验结果显示,改进型扩散滤波器只需要相对于PM方法较少的迭代次数,就能得到预期的图像去噪效果,证明统计学解释模型为各向异性扩散滤波器提供了一种有效的设计方法.     

Comparison of PDE-based nonlinear diffusion approaches for image enhancement and denoising in optical coherence tomography

A comparison between two nonlinear diffusion methods for denoising OCT images is performed. Specifically, we compare and contrast the performance of the traditional nonlinear Perona-Malik filter with a complex diffusion filter that has been recently introduced by Gilboa et al.. The complex diffusion approach based on the generalization of the nonlinear scale space to the complex domain by combining the diffusion and the free Schridinger equation is evaluated on synthetic images and also on representative OCT images at various noise levels. The performance improvement over the traditional nonlinear Perona-Malik filter is quantified in terms of noise suppression, image structural preservation and visual quality. An average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of about 2.5 times and an average contrast to noise ratio (CNR) improvement of 49% was obtained while mean structure similarity (MSSIM) was practically not degraded after denoising. The nonlinear complex diffusion filtering can be applied with success to many OCT imaging applications. In summary, the numerical values of the image quality metrics along with the qualitative analysis results indicated the good feature preservation performance of the complex diffusion process, as desired for better diagnosis in medical imaging processing.     

改进小波阈值在红外热波无损检测中的应用

近二十年来红外热波无损检测技术迅速发展,并在较多领域都得到了普遍应用,但碍于其易受环境影响和工作元件不均匀的特殊性,非制冷红外热像仪原始热波图总存在一定程度的噪声污染,因此对原始热波图进行去噪处理是该技术的关键步骤。传统的改进小波阈值去噪方法局限于对阈值进行自适应分解尺度的改造,使阈值函数平滑连续保真。在噪声方差估计方面没有针对性的方法,而噪声的方差估计是阈值的关键变量,这决定了小波阈值去噪的效果。本文将根据红外图像噪声特性建立混合噪声模型,在噪声模型的基础上进行噪声方差估计、改进阈值及阈值函数,通过软件获取最佳函数参数,最后对仿真模拟结果进行分析,对真实图像进行处理评价,结果表明经改进后的小波阈值去噪方法相对于传统阈值去噪方法和部分滤波去噪方法具有更好的去噪效果。     

Oriented speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion.

Ultrasound imaging systems provide the clinician with noninvasive, low-cost, and real-time images that can help them in diagnosis, planning, and therapy. However, although the human eye is able to derive the meaningful information from these images, automatic processing is very difficult due to noise and artifacts present in the image. The speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter was recently proposed to adapt the anisotropic diffusion filter to the characteristics of the speckle noise present in the ultrasound images and to facilitate automatic processing of images. We analyze the properties of the numerical scheme associated with this filter, using a semi-explicit scheme. We then extend the filter to a matrix anisotropic diffusion, allowing different levels of filtering across the image contours and in the principal curvature directions. We also show a relation between the local directional variance of the image intensity and the local geometry of the image, which can justify the choice of the gradient and the principal curvature directions as a basis for the diffusion matrix. Finally, different filtering techniques are compared on a 2-D synthetic image with two different levels of multiplicative noise and on a 3-D synthetic image of a Y-junction, and the new filter is applied on a 3-D real ultrasound image of the liver.     

各向异性扩散图像去噪现状研究

介绍了基于偏微分方程(Partial Differential Equations,PDE)各向异性扩散图像去噪的P&M数学模型及各种改进方法,以及引入结构张量的PDE去噪模型和冲击滤波PDE去噪模型,分析各种模型的优缺点,为扩散模型的设计提供了参考。揭示了各向异性扩散去噪与贝叶斯最大后验估计(MAP)去噪的内在联系,通过扩散系数的计算分析几类常用去噪模型的保边性能。阐述了一类特殊PDE去噪模型(总变分去噪模型)与小波阈值去噪之间的相关性,从而可以通过小波系数的范数近似求解一些特殊的变分问题,避免复杂的非线性求解过程。最后对各向异性扩散图像去噪的未来发展进行了展望。     

基于上下文聚合网络的图像去噪性能分析

近年来,随着神经网络理论的拓展,神经网络模型在图像处理领域得到了广泛的应用。利用上下文聚合网络实现双边滤波器算子逼近,分析其图像去噪性能。结果表明,逼近双边滤波算子的上下文聚合网络能够实现图像降噪,改善图像质量,且处理效果优于传统的双边滤波器。此外,对比分析了上下文聚合网络和去噪卷积神经网络的图像去噪性能。相比于去噪卷积神经网络,逼近双边滤波运算的上下文聚合网络处理多幅图像的速度更快,时效性更好,且随着处理图片数量增多,性能越优。相反,去噪卷积神经网络的去噪性能更优,但处理速度慢。     

一种改进的图像去噪与增强模型

图像的去噪和增强越来越成为制约后续图像一系列处理的瓶颈,为此提出一种图像去噪与增强的混合模型。该模型在各向异性扩散模型的基础上引入边缘指示函数,达到快速识别边缘的目的;在冲击滤波器的基础上,引入含有时间变量的边缘判定函数,适时控制冲击幅度的大小。而后将上述两个模型结合起来,克服了扩散模型仅依赖梯度信息来控制扩散进程的弊端,也适时地锐化了边缘。实验表明该混合模型不仅可以很好地去除图像的斑点噪声,并且可以达到图像增强效果。     

磁共振图像阀值去噪方法研究

磁共振成像已成为脑功能病理和解剖研究的主要手段，是医学影像学领域中最活跃的技术。由于在成像过程中复杂的电磁场环境容易受到人体热噪声干扰，使得磁共振图像去噪成为很重要的研究热点。小波分析具有多尺度分辨和去相关性等特点，在去除被白噪声污染的磁共振图像方面得到了广泛应用。但磁共振图像经传统的小波分析去噪后，细节信息部分丢失，图像的边缘变得模糊．针时这些问题，时经典的小波阀值去噪方法进行了改进，将关键参数取值与预估计联系起来，将阀值的选定与图像的局部特征结合起来，提出一种灵活的、自适应的去噪新方法。与经典方法相比，采用本方法处理的噪声图像去噪后图像的细节更丰富，边缘信息完善，视觉效果更好。     

IMAGE WAVELET DENOISING USING THE ROBUST LOCAL THRESHOLD

This paper suggests a scheme of image denoising based on two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform.The denoising algorithm is described with some operatiors.By thresholding the wavelet transform coefficients of noisy images, the original image can be reconstructed cor-rectly.Different threshold selections and thresholding methods are discussed.A new robust local threshold scheme is proposed.Quantifying the performance of image denoising schemes by using the mean square error, the performance of the robust local threshold scheme is demonstrated and is compared with the universal threshold scheme.The experiment shows that image denoising using the robust local threshold performs better than that using the universal threshold.     

基于NSCT域各向异性双变量萎缩图像去噪

提出了一种用各向异性双变量拉普拉斯函数模型去模拟NSCT域的系数的图像去噪算法,这种各向异性双边拉普拉斯模型不仅考虑了NSCT系数相邻尺度间的父子关系,同时满足自然图像不同尺度间NSCT系数方差具有各向异性的特征,基于这种统计模型,文中先推导出了一种各向异性双变量收缩函数的近似形式,然后基于贝叶斯去噪法和局部方差估计将这种新的阈值收缩函数应用于NSCT域,实验结果表明文中提出的方法同小波域BiShrink算法、小波域ProbShrink算法、小波域NeighShrink算法相比,能够有效地去除图像的高斯噪声,提高了图像的峰值信噪比;并较完整地保持了图像的纹理和边缘等细节信息,从而明显改善了图像的视觉效果。     

Denoising of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Images Using Dynamic Nonlocal Means

This paper presents a new algorithm for denoising dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR images. It is a novel variation on the nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm. The algorithm, called dynamic nonlocal means (DNLM), exploits the redundancy of information in the temporal sequence of images. Empirical evaluations of the performance of the DNLM algorithm relative to seven other denoising methods—simple Gaussian filtering, the original NLM algorithm, a trivial extension of NLM to include the temporal dimension, bilateral filtering, anisotropic diffusion filtering, wavelet adaptive multiscale products threshold, and traditional wavelet thresholding—are presented. The evaluations include quantitative evaluations using simulated data and real data (20 DCE-MRI data sets from routine clinical breast MRI examinations) as well as qualitative evaluations using the same real data (24 observers: 14 image/signal-processing specialists, 10 clinical breast MRI radiographers). The results of the quantitative evaluation using the simulated data show that the DNLM algorithm consistently yields the smallest MSE between the denoised image and its corresponding original noiseless version. The results of the quantitative evaluation using the real data provide evidence, at the $alpha =0.05$ level of significance, that the DNLM algorithm yields the smallest MSE between the denoised image and its corresponding original noiseless version. The results of the qualitative evaluation provide evidence, at the $alpha=0.05$ level of significance, that the DNLM algorithm performs visually better than all of the other algorithms. Collectively the qualitative and quantitative results suggest that the DNLM algorithm more effectively attenuates noise in DCE MR images than any of the other algorithms.