802.11pMAC层协议研究

近年来汽车网络越来越受到人们的关注,人们对IEEE 802.11进行了多项针对汽车这样的特殊环境的改进,便逐渐形成了802.11p标准。该文研究了IEEE 802.11p协议MAC层的技术标准、基本框架和各状态之间的转移过程,分析了MAC层的关键技术及影响网络性能的参数分配。     

802.11标准中MAC层接入技术解析

在802.11标准中,MAC接入技术对网络性能有非常重要的影响。主要从分布式协调功能和点式协调功能等方面对MAC层接入技术进行了解析,希望有助于对MAC层接入技术深入理解。     

IEEE 802.11n MAC性能优化策略分析

伴随着各类无线产品的快速发展,传统的无线局域网已越来越不能适应这些产品的要求。IEEE 802.11n是新一代无线局域网标准。它不仅在物理层使用了如MI MO-OFDM、40 MHz信道等先进的技术,而且在MAC层也做了很大的改进,大大提高了网络的传输性能。本文将以IEEE 802.11n草案2.0协议为背景,在全面分析该协议的基础之上重点研究MAC层的帧聚合、TXOP、Block ACK、PSMP等优化策略。     

基于无线信道的冲突分解算法仿真研究

目前,无线局域网(WLAN)中的媒体接入控制层(MAC)广泛采用基于IEEE802.11的二进制指数回退算法(BEB)的DCF协议.当WLAN中的节点数目迅速增加时,该协议存在系统吞吐量会急剧降低,网络性能变差的缺点.详细分析了无线局域网中IEEE 802.11MAC层的二进制退避协议,指出原协议在进行冲突处理上的不足,并结合树型分解算法(TSA)和快速分解算法(FCR),提出一种改进的树型冲突分解算法(ITSA).并用MATLAB仿真了CSMA/CA协议和ITSA算法.分析和仿真结果证明,与IEEE 802.11等协议采用的二进制指数退避算法相比,该算法能较大的提高系统吞吐量.     

无线网络中MAC层违规行为的检测和惩罚

802.11无线媒体访问控制(MAC)协议利用分布式争夺解决机制处理无线信道的共享。在这种环境下,那些没有执行MAC协议的节点可以获得不公平的信道带宽。IEEE 802.11要求节点等待一个随机时间间隔之后再竞争访问信道,如果某些节点等待一个较小的时间间隔,那么对其他普通节点来说,这是不公平的。针对这种情况对IEEE 802.11 MAC协议做简单的改进来检测这样的违规行为并对其进行惩罚。     

WEP安全组件的FPGA实现与优化

针对有线等效加密(WEP)安全组件高速率,低延迟的需求,提出了一种用Verilog硬件描述语言,基于FPGA平台实现IEEE 802.1 1a标准中,媒体访问控制(MAC)协议的WEP安全组件的方案,并通过改进架构的方式,对WEP模块的性能做了优化设计,将延迟减小到最低,使模块速率满足802.11最高速率54Mbps的要求.性能测试表明,该方案满足IEEE 802.11a标准需求,在无线通信领域具有较高实用性.     

WLAN基于竞争的信道接入机制分析研究

在文中,首先介绍了IEEE802.11 MAC层采用的DCF接入机制,然后介绍了IEEE802.11e MAC层采用的EDCA机制。对比分析DCF和EDCA接入机制,指出优点和不足,提出了下一步的研究方向。     

IEEE 802.11无线局域网的TCP性能分析和改进

在分析IEEE 802.11无线局域网媒体接入控制（MAC）协议和传输控制协议（TCP）性能的基础上,提出了改进的MAC协议：BDCF.IEEE 802.11分布式协调功能（DCF）只支持前向数据传输,即数据帧只能由发送方传送到接收方.BDCF利用IEEE 802.11点协调功能（PCF）提供的数据帧格式,可以实现信息的双向传输,即收发双方相互交换数据帧.因此BDCF更适合传输面向连接的TCP业务.BDCF与IEEE 802.11完全兼容.仿真结果表明：BDCF可以提高网络吞吐量和降低数据帧的时延,理论分析结果基本准确.     

IEEE 802.11p协议MAC层自适应移动性改进研究

针对VANET环境下标准IEEE 802.11p协议的MAC层对车辆移动性因素支持不足的问题,对IEEE 802.11p协议MAC层自适应移动性机制进行了研究。首先,构建了一种VANET通信场景;然后,基于构建的通信场景,分别基于节点邻居数量和节点相对速度提出了一种P持续CSMA/CA机制和一种基于节点相对速度的动态优先级管理机制;最后,基于Veins仿真平台构建了测试场景,并对提出的改进机制进行了仿真测试。测试结果表明提出的两种机制能够有效增加系统吞吐量、减少丢包数量、降低平均数据传输延迟和平均数据重传次数,显著提升了VANET网络性能。     

无线网络中MAC层违规行为的检测和惩罚

802．11无线媒体访问控制（MAC）协议利用分布式争夺解决机制处理无线信道的共享。在这种环境下，那些没有执行MAC协议的节点可以获得不公平的信道带宽。IEEE802.11要求节点等待一个随机时间间隔之后再竞争访问信道，如果某些节点等待一个较小的时间间隔，那么对其他普通节点来说，这是不公平的。针对这种情况对IEEE802.11MAC协议做简单的改进来检测这样的违规行为并对其进行惩罚。     

Design and evaluation of a novel MAC layer handoff protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks

In recent years, the IEEE 802.11 wireless network family has become one of the most important set of standards in the wireless communications industry. IEEE 802.11 compliant devices are inexpensive and easier to configure and deploy than other wireless technologies. In an IEEE 802.11 wireless network, wireless terminals can move freely. As a result, when the wireless terminal moves away from its current access point, it must switch to another access point to maintain the active connection. This is known as the MAC layer handoff process. MAC layer handoff latency should be minimized to support real-time applications and to provide mobile devices with seamless roaming in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel MAC layer handoff protocol over IEEE 802.11 wireless networks by introducing advertisement messages sent from other mobile nodes and from which wireless terminals are able to receive the information of access points in their neighborhood. A mobile node can try to associate with access points based on the prediction before starting the probe process. The experimental results demonstrate that our solution can reduce MAC layer handoff latency to meet the requirements of real-time applications.     

IEEE 802.11e EDCA在Ad Hoc网络中应用仿真分析

IEEE 802.11e EDCA协议通过采用MAC层业务区分的方式,提供网络的QoS支持.分析并比较了802.11e EDCA对802.11 DCF的改进,并通过NS2仿真分析EDCA在Ad Hoc网络中的应用情况,进一步讨论并仿真实现了对EDCA协议参数的分析.仿真结果表明,EDCA在多跳Ad Hoc网络中仍保持了其有效性,实现业务区分并提高了网络的吞吐量等性能,同时协议参数的不同将极大的影响系统性能,通过优化设置参数可以进一步提高系统性能.     

WLESS-frame: a simulation-based development environment for 802.11 stations

The IEEE 802.11 protocol is one of the most widely accepted standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs). WLESS-frame is a novel development environment for 802.11 stations. It is based on a complete model of the medium access layer (MAC) and of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) physical layer. The tool is aimed at supporting hardware/software co-design and validation of 802.11 stations, also analyzing the behaviour of a station in a network. The paper describes the implementation of the tool, its applicability and the performance analysis of a network under various workload conditions.     

Differentiation, QoS guarantee, and optimization for real-time traffic over one-hop ad hoc networks

Nodes having a self-centrically broadcasting nature of communication form a wireless ad hoc network. Many issues are involved to provide quality of service (QoS) for ad hoc networks, including routing, medium access, resource reservation, mobility management, etc. Previous work mostly focuses on QoS routing with an assumption that the medium access control (MAC) layer can support QoS very well. However, contention-based MAC protocols are adopted in most ad hoc networks since there is no centralized control. QoS support in contention-based MAC layer is a very challenging issue. Carefully designed distributed medium access techniques must be used as foundations for most ad hoc networks. In this paper, we study and enhance distributed medium access techniques for real-time transmissions in the IEEE 802.11 single-hop ad hoc wireless networks. In the IEEE 802.11 MAC, error control adopts positive acknowledgement and retransmission to improve transmission reliability in the wireless medium (WM). However, for real-time multimedia traffic with sensitive delay requirements, retransmitted frames may be too late to be useful due to the fact that the delay of competing the WM is unpredictable. In this paper, we address several MAC issues and QoS issues for delay-sensitive real-time traffic. First, a priority scheme is proposed to differentiate the delay sensitive real-time traffic from the best-effort traffic. In the proposed priority scheme, retransmission is not used for the real-time traffic, and a smaller backoff window size is adopted. Second, we propose several schemes to guarantee QoS requirements. The first scheme is to guarantee frame-dropping probability for the real-time traffic. The second scheme is to guarantee throughput and delay. The last scheme is to guarantee throughput, delay, and frame-dropping probability simultaneously. Finally, we propose adaptive window backoff schemes to optimize throughput with and without QoS constraints.     

IEEE 802.11 MAC层接入机制探讨

介绍IEEE 802.11 MAC层完成的主要功能,详细讨论MAC层的基本接入机制DCF.介绍了另一个可选的接入机制PCF的工作原理.简迷了DCF机制存在的问题以及目前相关研究的进展情况.     

存在隐藏终端的IEEE802.11e多跳无线网络模型分析

首次将802.11e的接入机制放入多跳环境中进行仿真分析和定量研究。提出一种新的多跳环境下802.11e网络模型,结合M/G/1/K排队模型,定量分析在隐藏终端影响下802.11e网络的MAC层吞吐率、MAC时延和帧丢失率,研究802.11e在多跳环境下性能表现的内在原因。经过仿真实验结果与数值分析结果的对比,验证了分析模型的准确性;通过有(无)隐藏终端影响下MAC层性能的对比分析,指出了802.11e在多跳无线网络中支持QoS的局限性:受隐藏终端的影响,802.11e对不同接入等级的业务提供QoS区分的性能明显降级。因而有必要研究隐藏终端问题的解决方案,提高802.11e在多跳环境下的性能。     

QoS and energy efficiency in network wide broadcasting: A MAC layer perspective

In this paper we investigate the role of medium access control on the performance of network-wide real-time data broadcasting through flooding using three MAC protocols (IEEE 802.11, CPS, and MH-TRACE) in terms of QoS (packet delivery ratio, packet delay, and delay jitter) and energy dissipation. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of network-wide broadcasting through flooding in the node density, traffic load, and network size/topology parameter space. The results of our study show that different MAC protocols produce better performance than the others in different parts of the parameter space. Thus, in designing network layer broadcast architectures, the characteristics of the medium access control layer should be given the utmost importance to ensure the satisfactory performance of the system.     

存在隐藏终端的IEEE 802.11e多跳无线网络模型分析*

首次将802.11e的接入机制放入多跳环境中进行仿真分析和定量研究。提出一种新的多跳环境下802.11e网络模型,结合M/G/1/K排队模型,定量分析在隐藏终端影响下802.11e网络的MAC层吞吐率、MAC时延和帧丢失率,研究802.11e在多跳环境下性能表现的内在原因。经过仿真实验结果与数值分析结果的对比,验证了分析模型的准确性;通过有（无）隐藏终端影响下MAC层性能的对比分析,指出了802.11e在多跳无线网络中支持QoS的局限性：受隐藏终端的影响,802.11e对不同接入等级的业务提供QoS区分的性能明显降级。因而有必要研究隐藏终端问题的解决方案,提高802.11e在多跳环境下的性能。     

无线自组织网络中TCP稳定性的分析及改进

在无线自组织网络中,基于IEEE 802.11的TCP流存在严重的不稳定性,其原因与MAC协议、路由协议和TCP本身均有一定的关系,但最根本之处在于MAC协议的不公平性以及假的链路失效消息导致了不必要的耗时的路由发现过程.结合IEEE802.11的MAC协议和DSR路由协议,对这些原因进行了深入的理论分析和仿真实验,并提出了针对MAC协议和路由协议的改进算法.仿真结果证明,提出的改进算法不仅能基本上避免TCP流的不稳定性,还能够极大地提高TCP流的平均吞吐量.