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以芘(Py)为荧光探针,十六烷基氯化吡啶(CPC)为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光猝灭法研究十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度和溶液极性对其胶束聚集数的影响。结果表明,当SDS浓度在5~42倍cmc时,胶束聚集数Nagg随SDS的浓度增大而增大,并且趋势逐渐变缓。当SDS浓度为11.3倍cmc时,胶束聚集数随NaCl浓度增大而明显增大,I1/I3值逐渐减小。以上两种条件下聚集数的增大引起疏水微嵌段长度较大的变化,而微嵌段长度又是胶束聚合中最重要的参数之一。因此,胶束聚合合成微嵌段缔合聚合物中,SDS浓度和溶液极性对其胶束聚集数的影响不能忽略。 相似文献
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用Wilhelmy法测定了实验室以废丝为原料制备的氨基酸型表面活性剂N-椰油酰基复合氨基酸钠溶液的平衡和动态表面张力,计算得出N-椰油酰基复合氨基酸钠溶液在30℃、35℃、40℃和45℃时的cmc值和其胶束形成的标准热力学函数ΔGθm、ΔHθm和ΔSθm,说明该胶束的形成是熵驱动过程。得到临界胶束浓度cmc与温度T的回归方程。胶束和反离子结合常数K0平均值为0.874 3。同时,研究了浓度及温度对扩散常数Da和Ea的影响及吸附过程模型。 相似文献
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二元表面活性剂体系微乳液的相行为及热力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用表面张力法研究了苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段型非离子表面活性剂(PEP)分别与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)复配体系分子间的相互作用,并根据测定的临界胶束浓度(CMC)及正规溶液理论计算了复配体系分子间相互作用参数及分子交换能,考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、温度等因素对复配表面活性剂体系微乳液形成过程的相行为及热力学性质的影响。结果表明,二元组分(PEP+SDS)及(PEP+CTAB)复配体系在胶束中和表面吸附层中的都存在较强的增效作用,体系的能量降低,且前者的增效作用大于后者。(PEP+SDS)/正己醇/正庚烷/水微乳液的W/O微乳区域面积最大,温度对该微乳液的相行为影响很小。在此微乳液形成的过程中,助表面活性剂醇从连续油相进入微乳液界面层的标准自由能变化ΔGs0;标准焓变-ΔHs=0,为无热效应过程,ΔGs是由醇分子的混乱度熵变ΔSs决定的。 相似文献
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研究了工业级十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)与水杨酸钠(NaSal)在乙二醇-水中形成胶束水溶液的黏度特性.分别考察了CTAC和NaSal浓度、乙二醇体积分数以及温度对形成胶束水溶液黏度规律的影响.结果表明,在乙二醇-水介质中,在一定NaSal浓度下,随CTAC质量浓度增大,胶束溶液的相对黏度将提高并出现最大值.乙二醇可弱化胶束结构强度,胶束溶液黏度随乙二醇含量的增加而降低.乙二醇体积分数低于15%时可形成黏度较大具有黏弹性的胶束体系;当乙二醇体积分数达到20%时,胶束水溶液黏度接近于溶剂黏度.在298 K~333 K内,CTAC与NaSal胶束溶液的黏度随温度升高而降低. 相似文献
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利用循环伏安法研究了不同pH值条件下去甲肾上腺素(NE)在玻碳电极上电化学氧化过程的胶束效应.结果表明,NE在玻碳电极上的氧化峰电位(Epa)和峰电流(Ipa)与表面活性剂的种类及浓度有关.Epa与Jpa值在表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度值(CMC)附近有一个突变,而在CMC以上时,Epa和Ipa值基本上不再随表面活性剂浓度的变化而改变.pH=6.8时,Epa值在水溶液中为364 mV,在CTAB胶束溶液中为420 mV,在SDS胶束溶液中为284 mV.表明SDS对NE的电化学氧化具有催化作用,而CTAB则阻化了NE的电化学氧化过程. 相似文献
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为确定HCFC?141b水合物生成条件下阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC),在0~20℃温度下,通过圆环法实验研究了不同浓度表面活性剂溶液体系的表面张力,考察了表面活性剂对溶液体系表面张力的影响机理并通过C3H8水合物的生成过程实验进行了验证,确定了SDS和SDBS的临界胶束浓度. 结果表明,当SDS和SDBS的质量浓度分别低于500?10?6和100?10?6时,表面活性剂降低水表面张力的效果最明显,二者的CMC分别为1950?10?6和400?10?6,表面活性剂能明显缩短水合反应的诱导时间,提高了其平均生成速率. 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献