应变Si1-xGex (100)电子有效质量研究

基于结合形变势的KP理论框架,对应变Si1-xGex/(100)Si材料电子有效质量（包括导带能谷电子纵、横向有效质量,导带底电子态密度有效质量及电子电导有效质量）进行了系统的研究。结果表明：应变Si1-xGex/(100)Si材料导带能谷电子纵、横向有效质量在应力的作用下没有变化,其导带底电子态密度有效质量在Ge组份较小时随着x的增加而显著减小。此外,其沿[100]方向的电子电导有效质量随应力明显降低。以上结论可为应变Si1-xGex/(100)Si材料电学特性的研究提供重要理论依据。     

GGA U方法研究应变对纤锌矿ZnO能带结构的影响

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论和GGA U方法,以Zn1-xMgxO衬底的应变为例,计算了应变ZnO体材料的能带结构。同时研究了应力对ZnO材料的禁带宽度、价带分裂能以及电子和空穴有效质量的影响。研究结果表明,Mg组分不大于0.3时,ZnO/Znl-xMgxO材料禁带宽度随应力增大而增大,该结论与实验研究结果相符合。沿[00k] 和[k00]晶向,导带电子有效质量随应力增加而稍有增大,“场致分裂带”空穴有效质量随应力增大明显减小,而“轻空穴带”和“重空穴带”空穴有效质量几乎不随应力改变而变化。     

第一性原理研究应变Si/(001)Si_(1-X)Ge_X能带结构

应变SiCMOS技术是当前研究发展的重点,其材料的能带结构是研究设计高速/高性能器件和电路的理论基础。基于密度泛函理论框架的第一性原理平面波赝势方法对双轴应变Si/(001)Si1-XGeX(X=0.1～0.4)的能带结构进行了研究,结果表明:应变消除了价带带边和导带带边的简并度;应变几乎没有改变电子有效质量,而沿[100]方向空穴有效质量随着Ge组份的增加而显著变小;导带劈裂能、价带劈裂能、禁带宽度与Ge组份X的拟合结果都是线性函数关系。以上结论为Si基应变MOS器件性能增强的研究及导电沟道的应力与晶向设计提供了重要理论依据。     

单轴压应变量子阱红外探测器吸收波长的研究

研究了单轴压应力对GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)吸收波长的影响。以量子阱电子干涉方法以及单轴压应力作用下量子阱应变理论为基础,分析了GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs量子阱导带中子能级与应变的关系。理论上计算了单轴应力下四个QWIP吸收波长与应变的关系。结果表明,E1与E<1>能级之间的吸收波长和E(1)与EF能级之间的吸收波长随应变的增大而减小的幅度比E1与EF能级之间的吸收波长和E(0)与E1能级之间吸收波长随应变的增大减小的幅度大。     

应变Sil-xGex/Si △i能谷附近色散关系的KP理论推导

基于对称性分析,应用KP微扰理论确定了应变Si1-xGex(0≤x<0.45)/(001),(111),(101)Si的△i能谷附近的色散关系.结果证明:应变Si1-xGx中的△i能级大小不同于弛豫Si-xGex的△1能级,而二者的横向、纵向有效质量(m*l,m*t)相同.△i和△1能级之差由形变势理论确定.最后,描述了双轴应变下外延层材料的导带带边特征.     

应变Sil-xGex/Si △i能谷附近色散关系的KP理论推导

基于对称性分析,应用KP微扰理论确定了应变Si1-xGex(0≤x<0.45)/(001),(111),(101)Si的△i能谷附近的色散关系.结果证明:应变Si1-xGx中的△i能级大小不同于弛豫Si-xGex的△1能级,而二者的横向、纵向有效质量(m*l,m*t)相同.△i和△1能级之差由形变势理论确定.最后,描述了双轴应变下外延层材料的导带带边特征.     

应变Si1-xGex/Si Δi能谷附近色散关系的KP理论推导

基于对称性分析,应用KP微扰理论确定了应变Si1-xGex（0≤x＜0．45）／（001）,（111）,（101）Si的△^能谷附近的色散关系．结果证明：应变Sil一,Ge,中的△^i能级大小不同于弛豫Si1-xGex的△1能级,而二者的横向、纵向有效质量（m1^＊,mt^＊）相同．△^i和△1能级之差由形变势理论确定．最后,描述了双轴应变下外延层材料的导带带边特征．     

应变Si_(1-x)Ge_x(001)空穴有效质量各向异性

利用应变Si1-xGex技术提高空穴迁移率是当前国内外关注的研究领域和研究发展重点。基于KP理论框架,研究获得了应变Si1-xGex/(001)Si材料沿不同晶向及各向同性空穴有效质量。结果表明,应变Si1-xGex/(001)Si带边[1-11]、[001]、[1-10]、[-110]和[100]晶向空穴有效质量在压应力的作用下变化明显,其各向异性更加显著。此外,当Ge组份较大时,带边和亚带边空穴各向同性有效质量接近,传统的"重空穴"和"轻空穴"概念失去意义。价带空穴有效质量与迁移率密切相关,该研究成果为Si基应变pMOS器件性能增强的研究及导电沟道的应力与晶向设计提供了重要理论依据。     

应变Si/(001)Si_(1-x)Ge_x价带结构

应变SiCMOS技术是当前国内外研究发展的重点,在高速/高性能器件和电路中有极大的应用前景。基于(001)面弛豫Si1-xGex衬底上生长的张应变Si的价带E(k)-k关系模型,研究获得了[100]和[001]晶向的价带结构及相应的空穴有效质量。结果表明,与弛豫材料相比,应变引起了应变Si/(001)Si1-xGex价带顶的劈裂,且同一晶向族内沿[001]和[100]两个晶向的价带结构在应力的作用下不再对称,相应的空穴有效质量随Ge组份有规律地变化。价带空穴有效质量与迁移率密切相关,该结论为Si基应变PMOS器件性能增强的研究及导电沟道的应力与晶向设计提供了重要理论依据。     

P-nc-si:H薄膜材料及在微晶硅薄膜太阳电池上应用

对RF PECVD技术沉积p nc Si:H薄膜材料进行了研究。随着功率的增大材料的晶化率增大。B的掺杂可以提高材料的电导率,同时会抑制材料的晶化,在纳米Si薄膜材料中B的掺杂效率很高,少量的B即可获得高的电导率,而对材料晶化影响不大。用比较高沉积功率和少量B的方法获得了高电导率、宽光学带隙和高晶化率的P型纳米Si薄膜材料(σ=0.7S/cm,Eopt>2.0eV)。将这种材料应用于微晶硅(μc Si)薄膜太阳能电池中,电池结构为:glass/SnO2/ZnO/p nc Si:H/I μC Si:H/n Si:H。首次获得效率η=4.2%的μC Si薄膜太阳能电池(Voc=0.399V,Jsc=20.56mA/cm2,FF=51.6%)。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks