稀疏波长变换的WDM光网络阻塞率的分析与计算

本文主要对具有稀疏波长变换的WDM全光网的阻塞率进行分析,首先提出一种模型分析了无波长变换器的L跳路径端到端阻塞率,接着对部分波长变换器的L跳路径的阻塞率进行求解,随后分析了全网的平均阻塞率。研究得到的主要结论是,波长变换器使用的有效性取决于网络的连接度。     

多纤多波长光网络的动态路由等效算法

针对多光纤多波长光网络的特点,提出了一种动态路由和波长分配的等效算法。采用波长图、增加虚拟源节点和目的节点、引入光纤数量矩阵等技术,把多纤多波长网络转化为等效的单波长网络,大大简化了算法程序的复杂度。采用最短径算法作为算法的基础,可求得每次业务在全网范围内的路由和波长分配的最优解。仿真结果表明,当网络呼叫量为60时,全波长转换情况下,2纤、4纤网络的阻塞率分别为0.1116、4.3×10-5。     

多波长光网络的动态路由等效算法

针对多波长光网络的特点，提出了一种动态路由和波长分配的等效算法。采用波长图、增加虚拟源节点和目的节点等技术，把多波长网络转化为等效的单波长网络，避免了求解路由和波长分配两个复杂子问题，简化了算法的程序设计。利用最短径算法进行路由和波长分配可以求得问题的最优解，从而有效地降低了网络阻塞率。仿真结果表明：与FAR-2D算法相比，在4和8波长的全波长转换网络中，采用等效算法阻塞率最大降幅分别达到0．02、0．025。     

部分波长光网络中的动态波长分配算法

为适应网络中不同服务质量（QoS）的光路建立请求具有不同的优先级的情况,提出了一种用于部分波长可变网络中支持QoS的动态波长分配算法。该算法对网络中的业务请求分高、低两个优先级进行处理。对于高优先级的光路建立请求,通过充分利用网络中已配置的波长转换器实时改变可用波长集,以降低高优先级业务请求的阻塞率。对低优先级的光路建立请求,只考虑所选路径的当前位置是否有波长转换器来改变可用波长集,保证了低优先级的光路建立请求速度。仿真结果表明,该算法既能保证较高优先级的光路建立请求具有较低的阻塞率,又充分利用了有限的网络资源,实现了对波长转换器的最优利用。     

分层移动IPv6中呼叫接入控制的动态优化

对分层移动IPv6中的无线资源管理问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于动态阈值的呼叫接入控制(DT-CAC)策略。DT-CAC通过建立小区呼叫接入的马尔可夫排队模型,根据网络负载状态的变化对切换呼叫和新呼叫的接入阈值进行动态调整,在减少切换呼叫掉线率的同时限制新呼叫阻塞率的增加,从而在切换呼叫掉线率和新呼叫阻塞率之间取得平衡。大量仿真结果表明,DT-CAC与现有协议相比,在减小新呼叫阻塞率和切换呼叫掉线率以及提高资源利用率等方面具有较好的性能。当呼叫流量较大时,DT-CAC的新呼叫阻塞率和切换呼叫掉线率可以减少约6%左右,资源利用率可以达85%以上。     

波长三次重用的多波长星形光网络及其性能分析

通过引入分布式结构+反馈回路+波长分组的方法，提出了一种新的波长三次重用的多波长星形光网络。这种新的网络通过多耦合器内连和网络所有信道波长的三次重用，使网络规模和网络最大吞吐量都达到常规WDM星形网的4倍；通过单纤双向传输，在网络节点数相同的条件下，可节省光纤50%；通过采用分布式结构，使网络的抗毁性得到大幅度提高。     

主动式双波长红外激光测温标定实验研究

基于主动式双波长红外激光的测温方法,可实现对未知发射率表面真实温度的测量。高精度的标定源是保证双波长红外测温系统测温精确性的重要基础,但目前双波长测温领域的研究工作缺乏关于标定实验结果的公开报道。因此,设计搭建了主动式红外激光测温标定源,研究该标定源的稳定性和均匀性,并对双波长激光测温系统进行标定。结果表明:所搭建主动式双波长红外激光测温标定源稳定性良好,1 173 K时20 min内温度最大偏差为0.22 K;表面温度均匀性良好,1 173 K时表面温度标准偏差为0.34 K;标定源表面真温在923 K以上时,采集信号相对标准偏差小于0.7%。标定实验结果证明所搭建标定源可靠性良好,能够对主动式双波长红外激光测温系统进行精确标定。     

超材料电磁隐身波长变换器的设计与仿真

通过坐标变换理论设计出一种新型功能性超材料电磁隐身装置——波长变换器。该装置一方面能够导引入射波在装置的内部传播,并使得波在装置的外部恢复原始的传播特性而不引起波形的变化;另一方面能够在装置内部改变电磁波波长而不产生波的散射现象。在理论推导出波长变换器的电磁参数张量后,采用有限元仿真软件对该装置进行数值分析,仿真的结果验证了该装置设计的正确性。     

一种光传送网动态联合选路与资源分配算法

提出了一种融合IP/WDM、IP/SDH/WDM的光传送网分层网络模型,它将基于波分复用(WDM)的物理光网络划分为IP、SDH和WDM层,IP和SDH层分别产生基于IP的分组交换型业务和同步时分复用业务,WDM层以波长颗粒度为IP和SDH层提供信道.给出了这种分层网络模型中的动态联合选路与资源分配(DJRRA)算法,该算法能优化层间链路和层内逻辑链路的带宽使用.仿真结果表明,与传统的分离式逐层选路和资源分配算法相比,DJRRA能有效降低网络阻塞率,提高网络吞吐量.     

基于MLAG的三层码分多粒度光交换系统的性能研究

在波长交换的基础上,引入光码交换,并基于光码分复用(OCDM)建立了一种三层多粒度光交叉联接(MG-OXC)系统,并给出了一种新的业务疏导算法。该体系结构能够很好地改善业务疏导,减少使用波长数量,节省消耗端口数目,因此它可以简化路由设置,优化节点业务疏导的灵活性,提高系统性能。简要介绍了三层多粒度光交换体系的结构,并在端口节省方面进行了比较。通过在多路分层辅助图表(MLAG)上对交换结构网络模型和业务疏导链路建立的分析,以及对阻塞率和吞吐量的仿真,展现了该体系的良好性能。     

Analytical models of blocking probability for multi-granularity cross-connect-based optical networks

Multi-granularity optical cross-connect (MG-OXC)-based optical network is a promising optical network architecture as it is capable of flexible switching at different granularity levels. In MG-OXC-based optical networks, wavelength conversion (WC) capability and the number of usable add/drop ports of the nodes are two key factors affecting its performance. Two analytical models of blocking probability for MG-OXC-based optical networks both without WC capability and with sparse WC capability are proposed, exploiting Erlang?s loss formula and birth?death process. Based on the models and simulation, the impact of WC capability and the number of add/drop ports on the blocking probability are investigated. Three kinds of granularities (i.e. fibre, waveband and wavelength) are considered in MG-OXC nodes to reduce the complexity and size of switch fabric. Both the analytical and simulation results are given on two network topologies under dynamic traffic patterns. Simulation results show that the proposed models are accurate and effective for the analysis of blocking probability in MG-OXC-based optical networks.     

Single- and dual-fiber fluorescence probes: application to oil-film measurements in an internal combustion engine

Single- and dual-fiber fluorescence probes have been utilized to study oil-film behavior in a firing Diesel engine. A detailed analysis of the response characteristics of these probes was performed, and universal response curves have been generated through identification of the appropriate nondimensional parameters. For single-fiber probes a single curve was obtained, and for dual-fiber probes families of curves were identified based on three geometric dimensionless parameters. The complementary response characteristics of the single- and dual-fiber probes allows determination of the oil distribution within the piston-liner gap. The dual-fiber probe is not sensitive at small distances. Thus its signal originates solely from the piston surface, whereas the single-fiber probe is most sensitive at small distances and hence to the wall oil film. The engine data from the dual-fiber probe confirmed the presence of an oil film on the piston and provided a means of quantifying the transport of this oil within the engine.     

Evaluation of the reliability of transport networks based on the stochastic flow of moving objects

In transport networks, human beings are moving objects whose moving direction is stochastic in emergency situations. Based on this idea, a new model—stochastic moving network (SMN) is proposed. It is different from binary-state networks and stochastic-flow networks. The flow of SMNs has multiple-saturated states, that correspond to different flow values in each arc. In this paper, we try to evaluate the system reliability, defined as the probability that the saturated flow of the network is not less than a given demand d. Based on this new model, we obtain the flow probability distribution of every arc by simulation. An algorithm based on the blocking cutset of the SMN is proposed to evaluate the network reliability. An example is used to show how to calculate the corresponding reliabilities for different given demands of the SMN. Simulation experiments of different size were made and the system reliability precision was calculated. The precision of simulation results also discussed.     

Reservation signalling mechanism for reducing blocking probability in optical burst switching networks with limited wavelength conversion capabilities

First, the optical burst switching (OBS) network with limited wavelength conversion capability (LWCC) is decomposed into multiple wavelength continuous segments according to the position of wavelength converters. Based on the decomposed network model, two reservation signalling mechanisms for OBS-LWCC networks, namely wavelength-amend-on-demand (WAoD) and contention-based limited signalling protocol (CLSP), are proposed to reduce the blocking probability in the OBS-LWCC networks. In WAoD, the congested node sends a feedback message to the closest upstream switch with wavelength conversion capability. The notified switch will change the burst wavelength to the one assigned by the congested node to avoid collision in advance. Extensive simulation results indicate that by applying the wavelength reconfiguration method to the core nodes without wavelength conversion capability, the proposed WAoD scheme can improve the blocking performance in the OBS-LWCC networks significantly. Furthermore, CLSP, which combines the burst time-slot reconfiguration with the wavelength reconfiguration of WAoD, always has the lowest burst loss probability when compared with both the conventional and the proposed reservation mechanisms.     

Selective assign shortest path first algorithm for routing and wavelength assignment in the presence of four wave mixing

The authors proposed a selective assign shortest path first (SASPF) algorithm for routing and wavelength assignment in the presence of four wave mixing (FWM) in wavelength division multiplexing network with a design parameter V_m. In order to maintain a reasonably good performance in terms of blocking probability to fulfil the connection requests but also to allow acceptable FWM effects, V_m is an important design parameter (number of established optical channels to fulfil the connection requests but also to allow acceptable FWM effects). If its value is too low, many connection requests will not be able to establish, which may lead to higher blocking probability. On the other hand, if its value is too high, it may lead to obvious FWM effects that will affect the network performance. Thus, V_m must be optimum to balance the requirement of the connection requests and also the induced FWM crosstalks. Performance results show that SASPF algorithm outperforms the comparison scheme such as traditional assign shortest path first resulting in low blocking probability with a specific value of V_m.     

Characterization of a simple Raman capillary/fiber optical sensor

The characterization of a simple, dual-fiber quartz capillary/fiber optical sensor (C/FOS) for remote excitation and collection of Raman signals is presented. The Raman signals acquired with the C/FOS exhibit a 70-fold sensitivity enhancement and a 50-fold improvement in detectability relative to those obtained with the corresponding conventional dual-fiber sensor without the capillary. A background spectral feature at 790 cm(-)(1) is related to the optical fiber background and is not due to the capillary tube. With no focusing lenses or filters needed at the sample site, the remote Raman C/FOS is easy to assemble and use, and it is relatively inexpensive compared to other designs.