不同给药条件下白细胞介素-8对受照小鼠作用特点的初步探讨

采用Phlips SL18型直线加速器发射的6 MV高能X射线照射BALB/c小鼠（吸收剂量分别为6.5和8.5 Gy）,于照射前后不同时间（照前24 h、12 h、6 h、20 min和照后即刻）腹腔注射不同剂量（10、30 μg/鼠）的人重组白细胞介素-8 （rhIL-8）,观察动物的存活情况及造血功能指标.结果表明：（1）8.5 Gy照后30 d内,rhIL-8 10 μg给药各组的小鼠全部死亡,其中照前24 h给药小鼠的平均存活时间明显短于单纯照射组,照前6 h给药小鼠的平均存活时间明显延长;rhIL-8 30 μg给药各组中,照前20 min给药组小鼠存活率达40%左右,其余各组均死亡,其中照前12 h给药小鼠的平均存活时间明显短于单纯照射组.（2）受6.5 Gy照后第6 天,各组小鼠的外周血白细胞（WBC）计数均在正常对照组的10%以下,各组受照小鼠外周血WBC计数未见明显差别;骨髓细胞粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位（CFU-GM）计数与受8.5 Gy照射小鼠的平均存活时间在变化规律上有内在联系.以上结果说明,rhIL-8在一定的给药剂量和给药时间的条件下,对受到急性放射损伤的小鼠具有一定的保护作用.     

凝溶胶蛋白在急性放射损伤防护中的作用

采用4、8Gy137Csγ射线照射BALB/c小鼠,于照后不同时间ELISAKit检测小鼠血浆凝溶胶蛋白(gelsolin)含量变化;6Gy137Csγ射线照射小鼠,照后不同时间STAGO血液凝集仪检测血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量;分别于照后2、7天检测血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、全血谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。实验结果表明,小鼠4、8Gy照后24h时,血浆gelsolin水平升高,24～72h持续下降,下降程度与照射剂量正相关。6Gy照射后初期及中期,gelsolin给药组血浆PT、APTT显著高于单纯照射对照组,FIB低于单纯照射对照组。6Gy照后后期,gelsolin给药组PT、APTT显著低于单纯照射对照组,FIB低于单纯照射对照组。6Gy照射小鼠2、7dgelsolin给药组GSH、SOD显著高于单纯照射对照组,MDA显著低于单纯照射对照组。说明gelsolin在急性放射损伤中对改善辐射出血损伤、清除辐射诱导自由基具有一定作用。     

安多霖对高功率微波照射大鼠睾丸细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响

以p53、cyt-c和apaf-1为观察指标,选用性成熟Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为对照组、照射模型组、3 mg/kg、6 mg/kg和9 mg/kg给药组,给药组大鼠连续灌胃给药7天,对照组和模型组每天给予蒸馏水。给药结束后,给药组和模型组动物以100 mW/cm2的高功率微波照射15 min,大鼠分别在微波照前、照后第3、7和10天解剖取睾丸固定。采用免疫组织化学的方法检测睾丸组织中的目的蛋白,再用Image pro plus分析软件分析蛋白表达含量。结果表明:大鼠经高功率微波照后第3、7和10天,模型组睾丸细胞p53蛋白含量较对照组显著降低(p<0.05),但给药组明显高于辐照模型组(p<0.05);模型组大鼠睾丸细胞cyt-c含量也明显低于对照组(p<0.05),给药组虽然也降低,但明显高于模型组(p<0.05);对于apaf-1而言,辐照模型组含量较对照组显著升高(p<0.05),而给药组则比模型组显著降低(p<0.05)。     

安多霖对高功率微波照射大鼠性激素和氧化还原系统的影响

选用SD和Wistar大鼠为研究模型。将SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组、6和12 g/kg给药组,给药组动物安多霖连续灌胃30天,100 mW/cm2微波全身照射10分钟,照后24小时取全血分离血清,放射免疫法检测血清睾酮和卵泡刺激素（FSH）活性。将Wistar大鼠分为模型组、3、6和9 mg/kg给药组,给药组动物安多霖连续给药7天,以100 mW/cm2微波照射15分钟,照后继续给药至照后3、7和10天,取血分离血清,分光光度法检测血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量。结果显示,照后SD雄性大鼠血清睾酮含量较对照组显著降低（p〈0.05）,但给药组降低的幅度低于模型组,如12g/kg组与对照组之间无明显差异。从CAT、GSH-Px和GSH的分析结果看,安多霖可不同程度地提高Wistar大鼠血清CAT、GSH-Px活性和GSH含量,尤其是照后7天,6和9 mg/kg给药组GSH-Px活性较模型组有明显的提升（p〈0.05）。从以上结果可以得出,安多霖对微波辐射损伤的大鼠具有一定的保护作用。     

低聚壳聚糖的辐射防护作用大鼠试验研究

采用^60Coγ射线全身照射清洁级Wistar大鼠,观察13服给予低聚壳聚糖对大鼠30天存活情况、外周血白细胞（WBC）数、骨髓有核细胞数和血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力的影响。试验结果显示：与单纯照射组相比,给药组大鼠30天存活率提高显著,平均存活天数提高4d;给药组WBC数、中剂量和高剂量给药组骨髓有核细胞数、高剂量给药组SOD活力均提高显著。     

林蛙油复方冲剂对X射线照射大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力的研究

以X射线照射大鼠,不同时刻给予林蛙油复方冲剂,采用试剂盒法检测了各组大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力。结果表明,单纯X射线照射后大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力有所降低,预防组大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力明显高于空白对照组和单纯X射线照射组(p<0.05),治疗组大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力明显高于单纯X射线照射组(p<0.05)。说明以林蛙油为主要成分的复方冲剂有抑制X射线照射大鼠血清羟自由基产生的能力,对机体有一定的保护作用。     

超大剂量6MeV电子束照射对大鼠脑Ca2+、Mg2+含量的影响

观察超大剂量6 MeV电子束照射对大鼠脑Ca2+、Mg2+含量的动态变化,探讨其在放射性脑损伤发病机制中的作用.对SD大鼠用6MeV电子线进行10Gy、20Gy和30Gy全脑单次照射,应用等离子直读光谱仪定量分析大鼠脑放射性损伤后不同时间、不同剂量脑组织中Ca2+、Mg2+含量的动态变化,用干-湿重法测定脑组织含水量.大鼠全脑受照射后,均存在脑组织中Ca2+含量升高、Mg2+含量下降和脑水肿的发生.其中20 Gy照射后24 h脑组织中Ca2+含量与对照组相比有显著升高(p＜0.05),Mg2+含量在照后7天与对照组相比有显著下降(p＜0.05).在照后7天,上述各指标变化的幅度为30Gy组＞20Gy组＞10Gy组.基于大鼠放射性脑损伤后脑组织中Ca2+、Mg2+含量发生的变化,探讨了电离辐射所致脑损伤的机理.     

60Co γ射线引起Wistar大鼠放射性皮肤损伤的实验研究

用不同剂量60Coγ射线照射Wistar大鼠,制作放射性皮肤损伤模型,探索模型发生发展的特点和规律.将26只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(n=6)、30 Gy照射组(n=10)、45 Gy照射组(n=10),对大鼠臀背部进行单次局部照射.分别于照后7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、45 d、6...     

脂肪间充质干细胞对辐射损伤大鼠的防护效果研究

目的：建立60 Coγ射线照射诱发SD大鼠辐射损伤模型,移植异体脂肪间充质干细胞（ADSCs ）,探讨ADSCs对辐射损伤大鼠的防护效果。方法SPF级雄性SD大鼠75只,随机分为对照组、4 Gy单纯照射组、7 Gy单纯照射组、4 Gy ADSCs植入组、7 Gy ADSCs植入组,每组15只。大鼠经60 Co治疗机一次性4 Gy、7 Gy剂量全身照射后,ADSCs植入组尾静脉注射ADSCs ,注射体积为10 mL/Kg体重,对照组和单纯照射组注射等体积的无菌生理盐水。于照射后0、2、4、9、16、29天分别对五组大鼠进行血液学检查,照射后5、16、34天分别对五组大鼠进行血液生化学检查。结果外周血象结果显示,在照射后的极期和恢复期,ADSCs植入组的白细胞均高于单纯照射组;在恢复期,ADSCs植入组的红细胞和血红蛋白高于单纯照射组,未见急、慢性毒性反应和移植物抗宿主病的发生。说明ADSCs的植入能提高辐射损伤大鼠机体的抗感染能力,加强机体防御适应机能,有促进辐射损伤后造血系统恢复的作用。     

富氢水对60Co照射比格犬急性血液系统损伤的保护作用研究

本文研究了富氢水对⁶⁰Co γ 射线照射后Beagle犬急性血液系统损伤的保护作用。雄性Beagle犬随机分为对照组、单纯照射组和富氢水干预组。动物经单次2.0 Gy γ射线全身照射后,分别于第2天、第7天,采集动物外周血,检测血液学指标、抗氧化指标、淋巴细胞凋亡率及8-羟基脱氧鸟苷酸(8-OHdG)等。结果表明,在照后第7天,富氢水组红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白含量(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)均高于单纯照射组(p＜0.01、p＜0.05、p＜0.05);在照后第2天、第7天,富氢水组血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均高于单纯照射组(p＜0.01,p＜0.05),丙二醛(MDA)均低于单纯照射组(p＜0.01,p＜0.05);在照后第2天、第7天,富氢水组淋巴细胞凋亡率均低于单纯照射组(p＜0.05,p＜0.01);在照后第7天,富氢水组8-OHdG浓度低于单纯照射组(p＜0.05)。以上结果说明,富氢水可通过抗氧化应激、抗凋亡机制改善照后Beagle犬血液系统损伤。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 15 (2013)

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