一类活性Petri网控制器的冗余检测及结构简化

S4R(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网是分析和解决柔性制造系统死锁现象常用的一种重要的Petri网子类模型,现有的基于S4R网的死锁预防方法通常采用对部分或者全部严格极小信标添加控制库所来实现.此类方法的不足在于得到的活性S4R控制器中往往存在冗余控制库所.针对已为网中每一个严格极小信标都逐一添加了控制库所和相关连接弧的活性S4R控制器,本文提出并设计了一种基于整数规划技术的冗余检测及结构简化方法,由此得到结构更简单、行为允许度更高的活性S4R控制器.该方法的核心思想是:如果网中已经存在一个p-不变式使得某个严格极小信标满足最大受控条件,那么为该严格极小信标添加的控制库所就是冗余的.由于该方法无需进行Petri网的可达性分析,避免了状态组合爆炸问题,因此具有较高的可行性和计算效率.最后用实验验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性.     

一种改进型的S4PR网活性条件

研究了顺序资源共享分配系统的建模模型S4PR (Systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的活性问题. 已有的研究成果表明, 一个S4PR网在所有信标都满足max, max'或max"-controlled 时能保持活性, 但现有的活性条件对信标的限制严格且不适用于某些网系统, 本文提出了一类名为max*-controlled的改进型条件, 并证明了当一个S4PR网的所有信标都满足max*-controlled条件时, 网系统能保持活性. 与现有的其他条件相比, 新的活性条件更加宽松, 为设计更高允许度的死锁预防或者活性保持监控器提供了理论支撑.     

时间Petri网在即时检验流程建模中的应用

针对即时检验系统的设计与开发建模问题,提出一种基于时间Petri网的并发系统建模分析方法,为即时检验流程设计建立较为准确的信息化模型。通过将活动持续时间概念引入Petri网模型中,提出了适用于即时检验系统建模的时间Petri网建模方法,并设计了嵌入Petri网模型中的调度仿真器协助分析、优化即时检验控制过程。仿真实验结果表明所提出的时间Petri网建模方法在可达节点和运行时间等方面能够满足并行多类别即时检验调度与控制系统的流程建模实际需要,为流程仿真和分析提供有力工具,从而辅助系统设计者对即时检验系统进行优化。     

共享合成Petri网系统的语言递归性与系统活性

在Perri网系统合成操作的研究中,大系统的一些好性质,如活性、无死锁性的判定,是一个重要的研究内容.研究了Petri网系统的一种重要的合成操作--共享合成,着重研究了Petri网系统共享合成的行为关系(语言关系),指出并证明了Petri网系统共享合成过程中语言的递归性质,得到一个并发语言形式的共享合成语言关系式.这个语言关系式为应用Petri网系统对具有并发行为特征的系统进行建模分析提供了一种有效的形式化工具.进而利用这个语言关系式来判定共享合成网系统的活性与无死锁性，得到共享合成网系统活及无死锁的充要条件.最后给出了一些条件,在这些条件下,可用小系统的语言子集来判定共享合成网系统的活性,从而达到用小系统来研究大系统活性的目的.     

同步合成Petri网系统活性与无死锁性的保持性

合成操作是Petri网系统建模中一种重要的自底向上建模方法,而在Petri网系统的合成研究中,一些好性质,如活性、无死锁性、可回复性等的保持性,是一个重要的研究问题.研究了Petri网系统同步合成操作活性与无死锁性的保持性.与以往研究工作不同,基于路径的并发合成用并发语言的方法,提出并证明了同步合成Petri网系统的一个并发语言关系式.该语言关系式可用于判定同步合成Petri网系统的活性与无死锁性,同时给出了同步合成Petri网系统活性与无死锁性的充要条件.最后提出一些条件,在这些条件下,同步合成Petri网系统有活与无死锁的保持性质.     

基于S4R的28V电源系统的设计和仿真

电源系统是航天器的关键分系统之一,负责为航天器的子系统和负载提供安全可靠的能源,电源系统的优劣直接关系到航天器工作的安全;设计了基于S4R的以太阳能电池阵-蓄电池组-功率控制器为基础的电源系统,分析设计了S4R功率调节模块,应用Saber仿真软件对S4R功率控制系统进行了仿真,验证了S4R功率控制单元供电/充电/分流的三种工作状态,仿真结果表明S4R功率调节模块可以自动调节功率输出,并且波动较小,具有很好的动态响应性能和实时性。     

基于着色Petri网的工作流模型研究

针对传统Petri网建模方法的不足,研究了通过资源结构建模的工作流建模方法.在着色Petri网的基础上提出资源/任务网(R/T-net),并给出基于R/T-net的工作流建模过程.R/T模型能够有效地实现产品数据结构和过程结构的统一,资源流对任务流的控制以及模型的仿真.     

基于CPN的发布/订阅系统的建模及分析

提出了一种基于着色Petri网(CPN)的pub/sub系统协议分析方法.基于一种结构化P2P网络上的pub/sub系统协议,用着色Petri网对事件发布的消息处理进行建模和描述,并利用CPN tools对模型进行模拟仿真,通过对模型的可达图进行分析,表明了协议具有活性、可达性和有界性,验证了协议的可用性.     

基于Petri网的煤矿斜巷监控系统研究

针对煤矿斜巷运输安全的实际,提出了一种基于PLC的集散控制系统,并利用Petri网对其进行建模。在建模过程中一方面采用了分层建模的技术,降低了模型的复杂性,并提高了系统的可靠性;另一方面,合理地采用了不同的控制方式,在充分保障系统安全性的前提下,尽可能地提高系统的实时性。此外,通过对Petri网模型的逐级分解、验证和优化,最终得到一个具备良构特性的Petri网模型。     

基于Petri网的物流系统建模实例

本文介绍了一种使用资源／任务Petn网(R／T—net)对物流系统进行建模的方法。物流系统是一个任务流和资源流并行的业务过程，对于这一类过程，采用R／T—net建模，主要是通过在任务模型中设置资源依赖和资源期望，实现资源流对任务流的控制，其中的点火规则和路由规则可以灵活地实现资源的协调、同步、分配和传递。这种方法可以使建模过程更符合物流系统的实际运作，提高工作效率。     

Design of liveness-enforcing supervisors with simpler structures for deadlock-free operations in flexible manufacturing systems using necessary siphons

Siphons can be used to characterize deadlock states and solve deadlock problems in Petri nets that model flexible manufacturing systems. This paper presents an iterative siphon-based control (ISC) deadlock prevention policy for Petri nets via the combination of mixed integer programming (MIP) and the concept of necessary siphons (NSs). At each iteration in this ISC policy, a maximal deadly marked siphon that is closely related to deadlocks in a Petri net can be conveniently found by an MIP-based deadlock detection method. Then the places in it are classified and an NS is derived from the classified places. For each NS found, depending on its complementary set, the proposed policy adds a proper control place (CP) to make it marked (max-controlled). Moreover, during the ISC procedure, a test for redundant NSs is carried out under a certain condition in order to avoid the addition of the corresponding CPs. The siphon control process proceeds iteratively until the controlled system is live. Compared with the existing approaches, the proposed policy usually leads to a structurally simple liveness-enforcing supervisor by adding as few CPs as possible and achieves better control results. Some examples are introduced to illustrate the proposed approach.     

应用必需信标的Petri网死锁预防策略

本文提出了表征一个Petri网子类,即S4R网(system of sequential systems with shared resources)中死锁问题的必需信标的概念和一种将混合整数规划算法与必需信标控制相结合的死锁预防策略.在该策略的迭代过程中,混合整数规划算法发现被控的Petri网中是否存在最大的死标识信标,若存在,则通过库所分类和迭代式的信标提取,得到必需信标,添加相应的控制库所,满足必需信标的最大可控性,从而实现被控的Petri网活性的目的.理论分析和算例验证表明了该策略的正确性和有效性.     

Suboptimal liveness-enforcing supervisor design for a class of generalised Petri nets using partial siphon enumeration and mathematical programming

This article develops a deadlock prevention policy for a class of generalised Petri nets, which can well model a large class of flexible manufacturing systems. The analysis of such a system leads us to characterise the deadlock situations in terms of the insufficiently marked siphons in its generalised Petri-net model. The proposed policy is carried out in an iterative way. At each step a minimal siphon is derived from a maximal deadly marked siphon that is found by solving a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. An algorithm is formalised that can efficiently compute such a minimal siphon from a maximal one. A monitor is added for a derived minimal siphon such that it is max-controlled if it is elementary with respect to the siphons that have been derived. The liveness of the controlled system is decided by the fact that no siphon can be derived due to the MIP solution. After a liveness-enforcing net supervisor computed without complete siphon enumeration, the output-arcs of the additional monitors are rearranged such that the monitors act while restricting the system less. Examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.     

Structure reduction of liveness‐enforcing Petri nets using mixed integer programming

Many deadlock prevention policies existing in the literature are to add control places (CPs) to cope with deadlocks in practical systems modeled with Petri nets. Since the number of CPs determined by these policies is not minimal under the condition that a controlled systems is live, this usually leads to a liveness‐enforcing Petri net supervisor with redundant CPs. Based on mixed integer programming (MIP) and the concept of implicit places (IPs), this paper develops a novel iterative algorithm of simplifying the structural complexity for a live Petri net. Under the condition that liveness is preserved in the iteration, this algorithm computes a feasible solution of an MIP for each CP to confirm whether redundant CPs exist in the live controlled system. Necessary and redundant CPs are then kept in or removed from the simplified live Petri net, respectively. As a result, a live controlled system with simpler structure is obtained, which directly reduces computational cost in further design and verification phases and possibly leads to more permissive behavior. Effectiveness of this algorithm is proved via a theoretic analysis and examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

On the existence of supervisory policies that enforce liveness indiscrete-event dynamic systems modeled by controlled Petri nets

We consider discrete-state plants represented by controlled Petri nets (CtlPNs), where a subset of transitions can be prevented from firing by a supervisor. A transition in a CtlPN can fire at a marking if there are sufficient tokens in its input places and it is permitted to fire by the supervisor. A CtlPN is live if it is possible to fire any transition from every marking that is reachable under supervision. In this paper we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a supervisory policy that enforces liveness in CtlPNs. We show this condition cannot be tested for an arbitrary CtlPN. However, for bounded CtlPNs or CtlPNs, where each transition is individually controllable, we show the existence of a supervisory policy which enforces that liveness is decidable. We also show the existence of a supervisory policy that enforces liveness is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a minimally restrictive supervisory policy     

基于混合整数规划的一般Petri网死锁检测方法

信标的受控性是检测柔性制造系统(flexible manufacturing system,FMS)Petri网模型是否存在死锁的关键因素.对于普通Petri网,在任何可达标识下所有信标不被清空是检测网系统非死锁的充分条件.然而,该条件对于建模能力更强的一般Petri网并不适用,max可控性条件由此产生.研究证明,该条件对于一般Petri网的死锁检测过于严格了.虽然其后有很多研究者通过改进max可控性条件以求给出条件更宽松的一般Petri网非死锁的充分条件,但大部分的研究成果都仅仅局限于一种顺序资源共享分配系统Petri网模型S4PR(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网.因此,本文在max可控性条件的基础上提出了新的名为max#可控的信标可控性条件,并在此条件的基础上实现了基于混合整数规划(mixed integer programming,MIP)的死锁检测方法.与现有研究成果相比,max#可控性条件更宽松,可适用于更多类型的一般网,为解决大规模柔性制造系统中死锁监督控制器的结构复杂性问题提供了有力的理论支撑.     

基于信标的柔性制造系统的优化死锁预防策略

针对柔性制造系统（FMS）中的死锁问题,根据矩阵理论给出了Petri网中基本信标的概念,进而提出一种基于基本信标和混合整数规划法（MIP）的死锁预防策略．该策略将最优基本信标作为控制对象,以混合整数规划法给出的系统无死锁条件为目标函数．不考虑从属信标受控条件便可在多项式时间内使系统受控．该控制策略的显著特点是以较低的计算复杂度实现整个系统受控,并使需要添加的控制库所和连接弧大大减少．控制实例证明了其有效性．     

Design of liveness‐enforcing supervisors via transforming plant petri net models of FMS

This paper focuses on the deadlock prevention problems in a class of Petri nets, systems of simple sequential process with resources, S³PR for short. By structure analysis, we propose an approach that can transform a plant net model into a weighted S³PR (WS³PR) that is behaviorally equivalent to the plant model. The WS³PR is made to be live by properly reconfiguring its weight distribution such that its all strict minimal siphons are self‐max'‐controlled. The resulting WS³PR can serve as a liveness‐enforcing Petri net supervisor for the plant model after removing some idle and operation places. A live controlled system can be accordingly obtained by synchronizing a plant model and the places whose weights are regulated. This research shows that a small number of monitors is obtained, leading to more permissive behavior of the controlled system. Examples are used to demonstrate the proposed concepts and methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

A deadlock prevention approach for a class of timed Petri nets using elementary siphons

To solve the problem of deadlock prevention for timed Petri nets, an effective deadlock prevention policy based on elementary siphons is proposed in this paper. Without enumerating reachable markings, deadlock prevention is achieved by adding monitors for elementary siphons, increasing control depth variables when necessary, and removing implicit, liveness‐restricted and redundant control places. The final supervisor is live. First, a timed Petri net is stretched into a stretched Petri net (SPN). Unchanging the system performance, each transition in the SPN has a unit delay time. Then the siphon‐control‐based approach is applied. Monitors computed according to the marking constraints are added to the SPN model to ensure all strict minimal siphons in the net invariant‐controlled. A liveness‐enforcing supervisor with simple structure can be obtained by reverting the SPN into a TdPN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Local and global deadlock prevention policies for resource allocation systems using partially generated reachability graphs

This paper considers the deadlock prevention problem for a class of conjunctive/disjunctive resource allocation systems (C/D-RAS) which cover relatively general cases in which the multiple resource acquisitions and flexible routings are allowed. First, an improved siphon-based liveness characterization for the Petri nets modeling C/D-RAS is proposed. Subsequently, this characterization facilitates the utilization of a mixed integer programming (MIP) based deadlock prevention policy that can well avoid the explicit enumeration of both siphons and the reachable states. The resulting policy is implemented by an iterative algorithm each step of which is characterized as an MIP formulation in conjunction with both a bad marking detection and a feedback control operation. Finally, the deadlock prevention policy developed in this paper is, respectively, characterized by the local and global ones so as to realize a trade-off between the behavior permissiveness and the structural simplicity of the supervisor. Both the theoretical and experimental results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of such an approach.