基于小波-ARIMA电离层短期总电子含量预报

针对电离层总电子含量(TEC)非线性、非平稳的特性,将小波分析(Wavelet Analysis)引入到自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)中对TEC值进行预报。采用2010—2013年IGS中心提供的不同经纬度活跃期、平静期前10天电离层TEC观测数据,分别使用WARIMA和ARIMA建模预报后5天TEC值。对两种模型预报结果与IGS中心观测数据进行对比并统计预报精度,结果表明引入小波分析的ARIMA模型对TEC值预报精度的提高有良好作用。最后单独采用WARIMA模型预报50天TEC值,通过对50天TEC预报值相对精度的统计,说明WARIMA模型对TEC值中长期的预报具有可行性。     

陕西省北斗三号区域电离层TEC建模与精度评估

基于陕西省北斗地基增强监测站数据,利用4阶球谐函数建立了陕西区域电离层总电子含量(TEC)模型,生成区域TEC格网产品.实验结果表明:以欧洲定轨中心(CODE)全球电离层图(GIM)产品作为参考,利用BDS-3数据获得的陕西区域北斗电离层产品精度为2.54TECu,与CODE产品标称精度相当.在单频精密单点定位(SF-PPP)性能方面,BDS-3区域电离层产品可以提升定位精度35%,优于CODE全球电离层产品改正效果(27%).综合而言,BDS-3单系统在区域电离层建模方面具备较为优异的性能水平.     

利用卫星信标法拉第效应研究西安地区电离层总电子含量

本文根据1981年9月至11月在西安对 SJ-2(A)卫星信标的法拉第效应观测的资料,计算出西安地区电离层总电子含量(TEC),给出了总电子含量的平均日变化形态,并对结果进行了初步的分析。     

BP神经网络和ARIMA模型的变权组合电离层TEC预报

针对电离层总电子含量(TEC)非线性、非平稳性的特性,提出基于BP神经网络和差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)的最优非负变权组合预报模型,并将其应用于TEC预报。利用IGS中心提供的不同经纬度的电离层平静期、活跃期TEC数据,分别采用BP神经网络模型、ARIMA模型和变权组合模型对TEC进行5 d预报。实验结果表明:在电离层平静期和活跃期变权组合模型预报5 d的平均相对精度分别为94. 7%和88. 9%,其中预报残差小于3 TECu的分别达到89. 3%和78. 5%,较单一模型的预报精度有明显提高。     

利用双频GPS观测量对高原地区（昆明）电离层TEC的研究

采用双频GPS观测值,在顾及GPS系统硬件延迟情况下,通过伪距与载波相位观测值联合解出TEC,并将其投影至高原（昆明地区）上空约350km的某一假想薄层上,从而导出接收站附近垂直TEC。这种方法得到的垂直TEC为天顶周围一锥角内的平均值,通过离散度的统计,并结合昆明站采集得到的高精度数据计算了该地区电离层2007年6～8月的电离层电子浓度总含量的逐日时间序列值,在此基础上对照昆明市连续运行参考站CORS描绘出了对于处在双驼峰区里该地区TEC日变化的特性。     

大地震前震中上空电离层全电子含量异常研究

采用IGS(International GPS Service)网站提供的电离层垂直全电子含量(vertical total elearon content,记为VTEC),分析研究了1998—2006年发生在中国大陆地区的30个M_s≥6.0的地震.采用统计处理的方法,讨论了地震前后15d内电离层全电子含量的变化,分别对震中上空电离层全部TEC资料进行了分析.     

台风期间电离层TEC的扰动响应分析

针对台风期间的电离层的扰动,利用1996—2004年在福建登陆的台风事件,选择电离层电子总含量(TEC)为对象进行研究,再选择参考点为同纬度不同经度地区的TEC为对照,分析两地TEC差值情况,以及台风期间两者的扰动响应.结果表明:在台风风速达到极值的时段内,部分区域内TEC会出现类似锯齿状的扰动,在之后一段时间内消亡;在风速逐渐趋于极值到极值消失的时段内,风速与TEC日平均值之间存在较强的负相关关系.     

几种VTEC模型提取的GPS硬件组合延迟偏差比较

介绍GPS硬件组合延迟偏差概念及几种电离层竖向总电子含量VTEC模型,基于哈尔滨市连续运行参考站CORS网络的GPS双频观测数据进行建模,研究结果表明：不同模型的建模效果及提取的硬件组合延迟偏差存在差异;随着模型阶数的增加,拟合残差减小,则提取的GPS硬件延迟偏差较干净,建模效果较好;不同基站的模型提取的GPS硬件延迟偏差具有不同的稳定性和较大的差异,有待进一步研究.     

VHF波段星载SAR系统电离层效应仿真研究

为研究VHF波段星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统,分析了雷达中心频率、信号带宽、电离层总电子含量(TEC)以及闪烁强度等因素对于VHF波段星载SAR成像的影响,并进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,在空间电离层中传播时,VHF波段星载SAR的距离向分辨率与雷达中心频率、信号带宽以及传播路径上的电离层TEC大小密切相关,同时由于时延的影响,还会导致SAR距离向图像发生移位,造成定位精度下降;方位向分辨率受闪烁效应影响严重,当处于弱闪烁或中等闪烁时,旁瓣抬升明显,且产生微小的移位,当处于强闪烁时,方位向分辨率明显降低,甚至无法成像.     

基于陆基GNSS的电离层时间序列预报研究

为讨论不同时间序列模型对电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)的预报效果,在平静电离层条件下,采用载波相位平滑伪距法解算单站上空的电离层VTEC值,分别利用自回归积分滑动平均模型(ARIMA)与Holt-Winters指数平滑模型进行逐站建模,通过时长为9 d的样本序列实现3 d预报,并对预报值进行系统评估.结果表明,时间序...     

CSES GNSS ionospheric inversion technique,validation and error analysis

With the increased number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites equipped with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, the LEO based GNSS slant total electron content (TEC) and electron density profile (EDP) data play an increasingly important role in space weather and ionospheric research due to improved global coverage. China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), which was launched in February 2018, is equipped with GNSS receiver for either precise orbit determination (POD) and ionospheric inversion. The purpose of the present paper is to validate CSES GNSS ionospheric inversion technique based on the real observations and verify the accuracy of TEC and EDP retrieval based on the simulated data. The following conclusions can be drawn: the epoch difference inversion (EDI) derived from CSES can successfully retrieve the EDPs without non-occultation side measurements; the technique of EDI and the calibrated TEC inversion (CTI) have similar behaviors in inversion errors, however, the retrieved NmF2 and hmF2 have a larger systematic error surrounding the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) where the assumption of spherical symmetry is often invalid; the precision and accuracy of retrieved TEC have been investigated in the paper based on the simulated data, and it is found that the accuracy of the retrieved TEC is relative to solar activity: the lower the F10.7 index, the higher the accuracy of retrieved TEC.     

Using the GPS observations to reconstruct the ionosphere three-dimensionally with an ionospheric data assimilation and analysis system (IDAAS)

Using an international reference ionosphere (IRI) model as a background ionosphere and applying the Kalman filter to update the state with observations, we develop an ionosphere data assimilation analysis system (IDAAS) to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) ionosphere with the GPS slant TEC and ionosonde data over east-south Asia. The preliminary results with the GPS data collected over east-south Asia on 30 June 2005 showed that inversed slant TEC has very good correlation with the observations both for the GPS sites being and not being involved in reconstruction. The inversed NmF2 and vertical TEC both demonstrate great improvement of agreement with those observed from ionosondes and TOPEX satellite independently.     

Research on regional ionospheric TEC modeling using RBF neural network

Machine learning techniques which are about the construction and study of system that can learn from data are combined with many application fields.A method on ionospheric total electron content(TEC)mapping is proposed based on radical basis function(RBF)neural network improved by Gaussian mixture model(GMM).Due to the complicated ionospheric behavior over China,GMM is used to determine the center of basis function in the unsupervised training process.Gradient descent is performed to update the weights function on a sum of squared output error function in the supervised learning process.The TEC values from the center for orbit determination in Europe(CODE)global ionospheric maps covering the period from 2007to 2010 are used to investigate the performance of the developed network model.For independent validation,the simulated TEC values at different latitudes(20°N,30°N and 40°N)along 120°E longitude are analyzed and evaluated.The results show that the simulated TEC from the RBF network based model has good agreement with the observed CODE TEC with acceptable errors.The theoretical research indicates that RBF can offer a powerful and reliable alternative to the design of ionospheric TEC forecast technologies and thus make a significant contribution to the ionospheric modeling efforts in China.     

电离层延迟改正实例分析

介绍了利用双频GPS观测值建立电离层模型的原理和方法;利用某地的双频GPS观测资料分析了VTEC的变化。     

Measurement of ionospheric large-scale irregularity

Based on the observations of a meter-wave aperture synthesis radio telescope,as the scale length of ionospheric irregularity is greatly larger than the baseline length of interferometer,the phase error induced by the output signal of interferometer due to ionosphere is proportional to the baseline length and accordingly the expressions for extracting the information about ionosphere are derived.By using the ray theory and considering that the antenna is always tracking to the radio source in astronomical observation,the wave motion expression of traveling ionospheric disturbance observed in the total electron content is also derived,which is consistent with that obtained from the conception of thin-phase screen;then the Doppler velocity due to antenna tracking is introduced.Finally the inversion analysis for the horizontal phase velocity of TID from observed data is given.     

Global ionospheric TEC response to a strong magnetic storm

The global characteristics of the ionospheric storm and irregularities as well as propagation of TEC (total electron content) disturbances during the strong magnetic storm occurring in November 2004 were investigated by using the data of the IGS network. For the response of the global ionospheric TEC to this strong magnetic storm, the following features are noticeable: 1) the maximum of the ionospheric storm phase occurred around the main phase maximum of the magnetic storm; 2) the TEC response in equatorial and low latitudes was more remarkable than that in mid-high latitudes; 3) as a whole, the storm phase in the northern hemisphere was mainly positive, and it was negative in the southern hemisphere; 4) during the whole magnetic storm from November 7 to 11, the locations where the maxima of the positive and negative ionospheric storm phases occurred were nearly invariant to the Sun at low and equatorial latitudes, i.e. the 24-h recurrence. Analyzing results of TEC rate and its standard deviation showed that the ionospheric irregularities and disturbances in the global mainly occurred around the main phase maximum of the storm, and they distributed in a large longitudinal region for both day and night in mid-high latitudes and they generated and developed only after the sunset, and lasted out to the midnight in equatorial and low latitudes. The disturbance propagation parameters were also estimated by using the wavelet reconstruction and cross-correlation technologies for a set of spaced stations in the Northern America. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40474055, 40504019)     

The variation of the estimated GPS instrumental bias and its possible connection with ionospheric variability

Based on the analysis of the satellite DCB data estimated by our method and the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe(CODE)from 1999 to 2011,the features of the temporal variation of differential code biases(DCB)are studied.Summarily,there are three types of variations in DCB on different time scales.The first one is the day-to-day variation that exhibits more obviously in solar maximum years.The second one is the variation with about one year periodic variation that behaves more obviously from 1999 to 2004.The last one is the monotonously descending tendency from 1999 to 2010.Considering the basic ionospheric approximation in DCB estimation method,the features of the variability of the ionospheric morphology from 1999to 2010 are also displayed based on the ionospheric characteristic parameters.It can be concluded that the day-to-day and annual variation of the estimated global positioning system(GPS).DCB is related to the ionospheric variability.The variation of DCBs on solar cycle time scale includes the real hardware DCBs and pseudo-DCBs induced by ionospheric variation.No doubt,these kinds of"pseudo"variations of DCB will affect the precision of ionospheric total electron content(TEC)derived from the GPS data.In addition,this study is helpful for evaluating the influence of ionospheric weather on TEC derivation and is also useful for developing one estimation method of DCB with more stability and precision through introducing a more practical ionospheric model.