大气扰动下无人机纵向控制律设计研究

针对飞行控制系统设计中的大气扰动抑制问题进行了研究;讨论了Dryden紊流频域模型及时域对应的成形滤波器,建立了大气扰动下飞机纵向运动的小扰动方程;基于H∞控制理论,应用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法设计了鲁棒飞行控制系统;以某无人机纵向通道为例,选取全飞行包线内多个特征状态点,对设计的控制器进行仿真实验;仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具有满意的干扰抑制能力和良好的鲁棒性及动态品质。     

大气扰动下无人机输出反馈控制律设计及仿真

针对无人机在飞行过程中容易受到大气环境干扰的问题,干扰主要来自外部扰动,主要研究了大气紊流对无人机飞行过程的影响,建立了基于Dryden模型的纵向小扰动线性运动方程.为抑制大气紊流对无人机运动的干扰,保证飞行过程中飞机的稳定性,应用输出反馈H∞控制算法设计了干扰抑制控制器进行仿真.仿真结果表明,采用的控制方法能够有效的抑制大气紊流对无人机运动的干扰,使飞控系统具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性.     

飞机俯仰运动自抗扰控制器设计

提出了利用自抗扰控制器在大包线范围内设计飞机俯仰运动控制器的新方法．利用二阶自抗扰控制器补偿系统模型扰动和外扰，实现了纵向运动俯仰角变量的跟踪控制．自抗扰控制器直接依据飞机的非线性模型，符合飞机动力学模型摄动大的特点，在很大的包线范围内不需要改变控制器的结构和参数，简化了飞行控制律的设计过程．大包线范围内的仿真结果表明，系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能，控制器具有很强的鲁棒性，为解决大包线范围内的飞行控制问题提供了一种有效的新途径．     

飞行仿真系统中三维大气紊流模型仿真研究

为提高飞机飞行动力学系统的仿真逼真度,提出1种新的大气紊流模型,并研究出在实时飞行仿真系统中的实现技术。改变了以前基于Dryden模型的建模方法,对不能直接用于仿真模拟的Von．Karman大气紊流模型进行有理化处理,得出逼近于Von．Karman模型的新的紊流模型,确定新的滤波器参数,从而在时域内实时生成大气紊流。通过频域上的分析比较,结果表明该模型生成的紊流比以往的Dryden模型更好地符合了大气数理统计特性,并解决了Von．Karman的仿真实现问题。最后,将提出的数值模拟算法直接应用于某型飞机飞行仿真系统中,从而使飞机在风场中的模拟更加真实,对模拟器的研制具有实际意义。     

基于多环QFT的高超声速飞行器鲁棒控制

阐述了定量反馈理论(QFT)的基本原理和设计方法,针对超燃冲压发动机不同工作状态时高超声速飞行器不确定性模型,应用多环QFT设计了高超声速飞行器纵向飞行控制系统;仿真结果表明,运用QFT方法设计的控制系统不仅具有良好的跟踪性能和抗干扰性能,而且能够很好地解决飞行控制系统由于模型参数具有不确定性而造成的控制系统鲁棒性设计问题,并从工程应用角度为高超飞行器纵向飞行控制系统提供了一种鲁棒控制设计方案。     

模糊自适应PID在转速控制中的应用

针对动态称重系统中异步电机调速系统的非线性和结构参数的易变性等特点,将模糊控制和PID控制结合起来,设计了模糊PID调速系统的转差频率仿真模型,并对模型进行了性能研究。仿真结果表明,这与传统的PID控制相比,该模型具有良好的适应性、鲁棒性,并且提高了控制系统的动、静态性能。     

进化算法多目标优化的飞控参数自整定方法

随着飞行品质要求的提高,且由于飞控系统模型的复杂,控制器参数的传统整定方法耗时长且精度低;引入多目标进化,针对某飞机横侧向控制系统模型中的协调转弯模态,采用改进的非劣排序进化算法对飞行控制器参数进行了整定;此优化策略具有经典控制系统简洁实用的特点,且能同时优化多个目标,能够快速得到符合要求的控制器参数;仿真结果表明所设计的控制器具有良好的性能指标和鲁棒性,具有一定的实用价值。     

一种涡扇发动机加速过程仿真研究方法

研究飞机飞行状态优化,取决于发动机的稳定控制.影响发动机性能的是加速器的控制稳定状态.为了研究某型航空发动机加速过程及加速控制系统性能,提出了分别独立建立涡扇发动机加速控制系统的AEMSitn数学模型和涡扇发动机的AMESet数学模型,并在AMESim软件平台上对控制系统模型和发动机模型进行联合仿真的仿真研究方法.仿真研究结果表明,所建立的联合仿真模型的动静态特性良好,仿真精度高,具有较高的置信度.机械液压式加速控制器能够顺利完成发动机加速过程控制,各项参数变化符合设计要求.提出的仿真研究方法能够成功仿真涡扇发动机加速过程,可为产品的设计提供有价值的参考.     

在线估计飞机状态参数的非线性观测器

本文介绍了一种同时估计飞行力学状态参数——迎角及侧滑角精度的纵横向运动耦合的具有线加速度反馈的非线性观测器的在线飞行试验研究结果。证实这种观测器不仅结构简单,可以在线实现,而且估计值与实测值令人惊疑的一致,其估计精度已达到了实际飞行导行/控制系统所要求的0.2°范围。此外,还进一步证实,这种观测器具有很好的抗大气紊流干扰及抗工作点(飞行状态)变化的鲁棒性。这些表明,这种观测器可以在线应用于实际飞行导航/控制系统中去。     

飞行性能仿真中风场模型的研究

为提高飞机飞行动力学系统的仿真逼真度,本文根据实际飞行中的风场类型.重点对影响飞行性能的微下冲气流及大气紊流进行深入研究,提出两种风场的数学模型.其中重点介绍了时不能直接用于仿真模拟的von Kaman大气紊流模型进行有理化处理,改变了以前基于Dryden模型的建模方法.得出逼近于Von Karman模型的新的紊流模型.确定新的滤波器参数,从而在时域内实时生成大气紊流.通过频域上的分析比较和时域的仿真计算.结果表明该模型生成的紊流比以往的Dryden模型更好地符合了大气数理统计特性,并解决了von Karnlan的仿真实现问题.该文的数值模拟算法可直接应用于模拟器的空气动力学运动方程,从而使飞机在风场中的模拟更加真实,对模拟器的研制具有实际意义.     

Robust multi-mode flight control design for an unmanned helicopter based on multi-loop structure

In this paper, a novel multi-mode flight control strategy for unmanned helicopter, in presence of model uncertainty, atmospheric disturbances and handling qualities specification requirements (as in ADS-33E), based on multi-loop control structure combining robust H-infinity and PI control is presented. In inner loop H-infinity optimal control technique is utilized ensuring the stability of flight control system in case of change of helicopter dynamics, model uncertainties and eliminates effect of gust disturbance on helicopter states and collective/cyclic inputs. PI control in outer loop is used to improve the dynamic and static operation characteristics. Attitude control and attitude holding flight mode with satisfactory command response and decoupling characteristics is designed using the proposed control strategy. Analysis and simulation results show that Level 1 handling requirements as defined in ADS-33E are accomplished even when helicopter is under constant wind circumstance.     

Development and Flight Testing of a Turbulence Mitigation System for Micro Air Vehicles

There are significant challenges associated with the flight control of fixed‐wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) operating in complex environments. The scale of MAVs makes them particularly sensitive to atmospheric disturbances thus limiting their ability to sustain controlled flight. Bio‐inspired, phase‐advanced sensors have been identified as promising sensory solutions for complementing current inertial‐only attitude sensors. This paper describes the development and flight testing of a bio‐inspired, phase‐advanced sensor and associated control system that mitigates the impact of turbulence on MAVs. Multihole pressure probes, inspired by the sensory function of bird feathers, are used to measure the flow pitch angle and velocity magnitude ahead of the MAV's wing. The sensors provide information on the disturbing phenomena before it causes an inertial response in the aircraft. The sensor output is input to a simple feed‐forward control architecture, which enables the MAV to generate a mitigating response to the turbulence. The results from wind‐tunnel and outdoor testing in high levels of turbulence are presented. The disturbance rejection performance of the phase‐advanced sensory system is compared against that of a conventional inertial‐based control system. The developed sensory system shows significant improvement in terms of disturbance rejection performance compared to that of standard inertial‐only control system. It is concluded that a phase‐advanced sensory systems can complement conventional inertial‐based sensors to improve the attitude‐tracking performance of MAVs.     

Adaptive Aircraft Flight Control Simulation Based on an Artificial Immune System

Over the past decade much progress has been made in the development of adaptive, model-following flight control systems. These systems are being designed to account for the degradation and even the failure of the actuators used to implement the control laws within aircraft. Typically, these adaptive, model-following flight control systems require software components capable of (1) monitoring system performance, (2) quantifying changes occurring in the performance characteristics of actuators, and (3) adapting control laws based on changes in actuator performance. Interestingly enough, the challenges facing natural immune systems also require the successful completion of three similar tasks: (1) monitoring organism performance, (2) identification of antigens, and (3) distribution of targeted antibodies. Thus, the characteristics inherent in natural immune systems have been captured and employed in computational systems called artificial immune systems (AISs). This paper describes an adaptive, model-following flight control system based on an artificial immune system. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in a system designed to maintain cruise conditions in the simulation of a Boeing 747 aircraft in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and degradations in the performance characteristics of actuators used to manipulate various control surfaces.     

Intelligent trajectory tracking of an aircraft in the presence of internal and external disturbances

This research deals with developing an intelligent trajectory tracking control approach for an aircraft in the presence of internal and external disturbances. Internal disturbances including actuators faults, unmodeled dynamics, and model uncertainties as well as the external disturbances such as wind turbulence significantly affect the performance of the common trajectory tracking control approaches. There are several fault‐tolerant control approaches in the literature to overcome the effects of specific actuator or sensor faults during the flight. However, trajectory tracking control of an air vehicle in the presence of unexpected faults and simultaneous presence of wind turbulence is still a challenging problem. In this paper, an intelligent neural network‐based model predictive control structure is proposed, where the prediction model is updated in each iteration based on a novel proposed online sequential multimodel structure. A hybrid offline‐online learning algorithm is adopted in the introduced online sequential multimodel structure to identify the time‐varying dynamics of the system. The proposed control structure can satisfactorily deal with unexpected actuator faults and structural damages as well as unmodeled dynamics and wind turbulence. The stability of the closed‐loop system is proved under some realistic assumptions. The simulation results demonstrate the high capability of the proposed approach for trajectory tracking control of a conventional aircraft in the simultaneous presence of system faults and external disturbances.     

Disturbance rejection for an aircraft flying in atmospheric disturbances

For an aircraft flying in atmospheric disturbances a static state feedback controller is designed. The design goal is that of rejecting the influence of a rotary gust disturbance to the vertical and forward velocity of the aircraft. The necessary and sufficient condition for this problem to have a solution is derived in terms of simple forms involving only the flight stability derivatives of the aircraft. The general analytical expression of the disturbance rejection controller matrix and the resulting closed, loop system, are derived in forms involving the aircraft parameters as well as arbitrary design parameters. The necessary and sufficient conditions for disturbance rejection with simultaneous stabilizability of the closed loop flight system are also established.     

小型无人直升机悬停小速度段位置控制技术

无人直升机在悬停/小速度飞行阶段具有特殊的物理特性,给控制系统的设计带来了诸多技术难题;针对无人直升机悬停/小速度段位置控制的需求,提出了一种基于"姿态角阻尼内回路"的位置控制结构,该控制结构采用内回路姿态角阻尼增稳,外回路位置控制的控制方式;并且针对增稳回路自适应性、抗风补偿和位置控制精度等问题,分别采用前馈自动配平机制与非线性PID控制方法对常规控制律进行改进;仿真验证表明,所提出的控制策略和控制律设计结果达到了较好的控制效果。     

Design and Implementation of a Flight Control System for an Unmanned Rotorcraft using RPT Control Approach

In this paper, we apply a so‐called robust and perfect tracking (RPT) control technique to the design and implementation of the flight control system of a miniature unmanned rotorcraft, named HeLion. To make the presented work self‐contained, we will first outline some background knowledge, including mainly the nonlinear flight dynamics model and the inner‐loop flight control system design. Next, the highlight of this paper, that is, the outer‐loop flight control system design procedure using RPT control technique, will be detailed. Generally speaking, RPT control technique aims to design a controller such that (i) the resulting closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable, and (ii) the controlled output almost perfectly tracks a given reference signal in the presence of any initial conditions and external disturbances. Since it makes use of all possible information including the system measurement output and the command reference signal together with all its derivatives (if available) for control, RPT control technique is particularly useful for the outer‐loop layer of an unmanned aircraft. Both simulation and flight‐test results will be presented and analyzed at the end of this paper, and the efficiency of the RPT control approach will be evaluated comprehensively.     

某型直升机半物理仿真系统的设计

飞控计算机是现代直升机控制的不可缺少的部分。研制功能完善的高性能飞控计算机是直升机发展的重要一步;在飞控计算机应用到直升机上之前,需要对其进行较为全面的仿真测试;文章结合飞行控制律的设计,开发了用于对飞控计算机进行全面测试的半物理仿真系统;主要完成了模型的建立和仿真,研制了基于嵌入式操作系统VxWorks及仿真工具软件MATLAB的主仿真系统并进行了调试;通过对其开环和闭环的调试以及仿真结果的分析表明,该系统对发送的飞机姿态信息能够进行实时显示和处理。满足飞行品质技术指标要求。半物理仿真结果可真实可靠的反映直升机的飞行过程。     

基于线性化反馈的滑模变结构重装空投纵向控制律设计

针对重装空投过程中,重型货物持续移动及瞬间离机严重影响载机的安全性等问题,提出了基于线性化反馈和滑模变结构控制相结合的控制律设计方法,利用非线性多输入多输出反馈线性化完成系统解耦线性化,在此基础上采用滑模变结构控制设计系统内环速度与俯仰姿态跟踪控制器,保证了系统鲁棒性,结合外环PID高度保持控制器完成整个飞行控制系统的设计.最后,仿真验证了该控制器鲁棒性强,且满足空投任务战技指标要求.