MD膜驱剂对水包油乳状液的破乳作用

MD膜驱油现场试验中发现采出的含油污水有逐渐变清的趋势。实验考察了MD-1膜驱剂(一种单分子双季铵盐)对油田采出水的zeta电位、脱油率和水包油乳状液的脱水率的影响。结果表明。MD-1在水中电离生成的阳离子压缩双电层。zeta电位随着MD-1浓度的增加而增加，压缩双电层是渐进过程；MD-1对油田采出水的破乳作用随MD-1浓度增加而增加并且与采出水的含油量有关，含油量低时破乳脱油效果不佳；由阴离子表面活性剂ORS41和非离子表面活性剂OP-10为乳化剂形成的水包油乳状液(油相为含1％胶质和沥青质的煤油)。其脱水率均随MD-1浓度的增加而增加，但在乳化刺为OP-10时脱水率较低；MD-1膜驱剂与油相中的胶质及沥青质作用，破坏油水界面致使油滴聚并、破乳。图7表2参11。     

用乳状液稳定性实验考察化学驱中油滴聚并规律

根据乳状液分层，破乳过程的测定及显微镜观察，考察了乳状液中的油滴上浮、絮集、聚并过程受水相组成的影响情况，得到了静态条件下石油磺酸盐碱、聚合物、盐影响原油乳化及油滴聚并速率的规律。这些结果对于用滴－滴聚并方法研究化学驱体系中油滴聚并是很好的佐证和补充，为了解化学驱油体系配方与驱出液油水分相情况的关系提供了参考。     

浅论影响原油乳状液破乳的因素

从原油乳状液，破乳剂，外界破乳条件三个方面论述了原油乳状液稳定存在的原因及影响破乳的因素，并结合乳状液办面性质分析了好的破乳剂具备扩散吸附性好，润湿能力强，絮凝聚结能力强的性能及外界因素影响破乳的原理。     

泡沫复合驱原油乳状液稳定性影响因素研究

通过乳状液稳定性试验考察了泡沫复合驱原油乳状液稳定性。结果表明：单一的泡沫剂和聚合物对原油乳状液稳定性有较大的影响;两种驱油剂之间有明显的协同作用,复合驱油剂对原油乳状液稳定性的影响远远大于单一驱油剂的影响;其次,破乳温度、破乳剂用量及乳化强度对原油乳状液的稳定性也有明显的影响。     

复合驱原油乳状液液膜强度

利用单滴法研究了表面活性剂B－100，Na_2CO_3；及二元、三元复合组份对液膜强度的影响，探讨了三元组份影响液膜强度的微观机理，得出了三元组份对液膜强度的影响规律。本研究结果对矿场产出液处理具有重要指导意义。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究：V.北海原油乳状液的稳定与破乳

通过对北海原油乳状液与模型乳状液稳定性的比较研究，发现北海原油乳状液的稳定机理主要是界面膜稳定和立体稳定，即由蜡、胶质、沥青质组分中的界面活性化合物在油水间形成的界面膜和沥青质颗粒、蜡晶及蜡网状结构的作用所致。北海原油乳状液的稳定性与原油的粘度及油水界面张力有关。对北海原油乳状液的破乳应以减弱界面膜强度、消除或减弱蜡晶及蜡网结构的作用为主。本研究所用破乳剂可降低油水界面张力，减弱油水界面膜的强度，     

含聚合物原油乳状液的稳定性研究

通过室内试验的方法，研究含聚合物原油乳状液的稳定性，考察乳状液的制备方法，聚合物浓度、地层水矿化度对油包水和水包油两种类型乳状液稳定性的影响，并从理论上作了探讨。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究 Ⅱ.原油成分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

原血成分的表面活性物质及其细微固体颗粒,在油水界面上相互作用是原油乳状液其有稳定性的主要原因。本文采用简单的方法将原油中众多的物质分成两大类,并根椐它们单独时或混合后对癸烷/水乳状液稳定性作用的特征,将其分别称为原油乳化剂和原油破乳剂。试验表明,原油乳状液稳定性的高低主要取决于所含的这两大类物质的多少和相对比例,其相对重要性可由界面张力定性地反映出来;并且由原油/水界面张力的大小可以定性地评估原油乳状液的稳定性。     

疏水缔合聚合物驱体系中原油乳状液性质及破乳规律

采用瓶试法考察了原油组成及疏水缔合聚合物（Hydrophobically associating polymer, HAP）质量浓度对原油乳状液稳定性的影响,用油 水界面张力、界面电性、界面扩张流变、界面剪切黏度等多个参数表征了HAP驱采出液油 水界面性质的变化规律,用一系列酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂对模拟采出液进行破乳。结果表明,原油中胶质和沥青质是影响原油乳状液稳定的重要因素;实验浓度范围内,随着HAP浓度升高,原油乳状液稳定性增强。HAP具有界面活性,吸附在油 水界面可降低界面能,利于乳化;HAP在界面上形成交联网状结构,提升了界面膜的扩张模量和剪切模量,同时增强了界面膜的负电性,利于稳定乳状液。环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷各占一半的酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂与1%甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）交联后,5 min即可完全将原油乳状液破乳。     

表面活性剂对乳状液膜稳定性的影响

本文用显微镜分别考察了3种不同表面活性剂对液膜状态的影响,用激光粒度仪分析了表面活性剂对乳状液颗粒大小及分布的影响,用pH酸度计测定W/O/W多重乳状液膜体系外水相的pH值。结果表明:3种不同的表面活性剂(失水山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯span80、双烯基丁二酰亚胺T153、多烯基丁二酰亚胺T152)在膜溶剂含量为50 mL、载体含量2%、液体石蜡含量2%、内相NaOH浓度为0.5 mol/L及乳水比为1∶6条件下制得W/O/W型多重乳状液膜。span80所形成乳状液膜外水相pH值最大,膜破损严重;而T153所形成的乳状液膜外相pH值相对较小,乳状液膜较稳定。3种不同表面活性剂所形成的W/O乳状液在水分散相中平均粒径大小顺序为:T153(60.369μm)>T152(58.510μm)>span80(37.630μm),且T153形成乳状液的粒度分布最集中。乳水比为1∶5、初始硫离子含量为40 mg/L时,由T153所形成乳状液对硫离子的脱除率最高,达98%。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

O/W型TR-02稠油乳状液的配制及静态稳定性评价

针对河南油田L131井稠油,采用自制的TR-02乳化剂,根据稠油乳化降黏原理及O/W型乳状液的形成机制,研究了乳化剂的类型和含量、乳化方式、搅拌方式和搅拌速度、相体积分数等对O/W型稠油乳状液稳定性的影响,特别是初步探讨了在TR-02中加入纳米助剂TR-23,对O/W型稠油乳状液稳定性的影响,为纳米材料在稠油乳化降黏中的应用提供一个可参考的基础数据。     

油包水乳状液稳定性影响因素分析

油基钻井液优良的抑制性能及耐高温性能,使其成为钻复杂井的重要解决手段,特别是在钻高温深井和水敏性地层中优势更明显。影响油基钻井液稳定性的因素有很多,其中乳状液的稳定性是油基钻井液的决定性因素。文章介绍了油水比、配制条件、内外相种类等因素对油包水乳状液稳定性的影响机理,重点分析了乳化剂种类和加量对油包水钻井液的影响规律,通过钻屑污染实验分析了固相颗粒进入油基钻井液体系后由于大量吸附了体系中的表面活性剂,导致了钻井液中有效乳化剂质量浓度降低造成的电稳定性下降。     

A correlation between interfacial tension,emulsifying ability and oil displacement efficiency of ASP system for Daqing crude oil

Abstract

Interfacial tension and emulsification are important to enhance oil recovery. There is almost none quantitative research on their correlation for Daqing crude oil. Experiments are performed to find out the correlation between different interfacial tension, emulsification and chemical flooding oil displacement efficiency. The authors changed the structure of surfactant to make characteristics of interfacial tension different significantly and build the relationship between interfacial tension parameters and chemical flooding oil displacement efficiency by physical simulate experiments. The ultralow interfacial tension index (expressed by S) is established by orthogonal test and actual significance of interfacial tension curves. The fitting formula between S and chemical flooding oil displacement efficiency (E) is: E = 0.856 ln(S) + 13.849. The emulsifying ability includes two aspects O/W and W/O. Authors changed the structure of surfactant to make characteristics of ASP systems have similar interfacial property but different emulsification property. Compared the oil displacement efficiency of these systems, built the correlation between emulsifying ability and chemical flooding oil displacement efficiency for Daqing crude oil.

This paper established the index of ultralow interfacial tension and emulsification, and summed up the formulae based on that with oil displacement efficiency. The quantitative evaluation of ASP system can optimize the existing evaluation methods and deepen understandings on flooding mechanism for Daqing crude oil.     

Influence of polymers on the stability of Gudao crude oil emulsions

The influence of different types and concentrations of polymers on the stability of Gudao crude oil emulsion was investigated by measuring the volume of water separated from the emulsions and the interfacial shear viscosity of the oil/water interfacial film. Experimental results indicate that the simulated water-in-oil emulsion with 40 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） 3530S could be easily broken by adding demulsifier C and was readily separated into two layers. However, HPAM AX-74H and hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer （HAP） could stabilize the crude oil emulsion. With increasing concentration of AX-74H and HAP, crude oil emulsions became more stable. Water droplets were loosely packed in the water-in model oil emulsion containing HPAM 3530S, but water droplets were smaller and more closely packed in the emulsion containing AX-74H or HAP. The polymers could be adsorbed on the oil/water interface, thereby increasing the strength of the interracial film and enhancing the emulsion stability.     

Determination of water content in crude oil emulsion by LF-NMR CPMG sequence

Transverse relaxation times (T2) and T2 spectrum for crude oil emulsions with different water content are obtained by low field nuclear magnetic resonance Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence and various methods to determine the water content are investigated. The results show that there are three methods to accurately determine the water content. When water content is greater than 20.0wt%, determination through T2 value of emulsions is fastest with the relative error below 2.5%. T2 spectrum show the characteristics of multiple peaks, and T2 value of the peaks originated from water are suitable for determination of water content for O/W emulsions. A method is developed and optimized to determine the water content by using the peak-area ratio in T2 spectrum, which is not limited by the water content and the form of emulsion.     

ASP体系与大庆原油的乳化作用及影响因素

ASP三元复合体系与原油之间的乳化作用与该体系提高采收率以及采出液分离的效果直接相关.通过建立的ASP三元复合体系与原油乳化能力的评价方法,给出了ASP三元组分对乳化作用的影响;并系统评价了作用力和作用方式、油水比、ASP三元组分的类型及质量分数等因素对乳状液的类型和稳定性的影响.碱在乳化过程中起到非常重要的作用,高质量分数的碱有利于乳化形成,碱的强度直接影响形成乳状液的类型和稳定性,而水溶性聚合物可通过提高水相粘度和油膜或水膜的强度而增强乳状液的稳定性.     

孤岛油田驱油剂辅助蒸汽驱对稠油性质的影响

蒸汽驱可明显提高油藏采收率,但孤岛油田稠油粘度过高,受原油界面特性和岩石润湿性的影响,易发生重力超覆和汽窜,单一蒸汽驱并不能达到有效开采的目的。通过室内实验模拟了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为驱油剂的驱油剂辅助蒸汽驱过程,研究其对孤岛油田稠油油藏的驱替效果,以及对稠油胶体稳定性、结构组成和稠油沥青质相对分子质量的影响规律。结果表明,蒸汽驱过程中引入适量的驱油剂,可明显提高稠油油藏采收率;增大驱油剂用量,会使稠油提前发生沥青质聚沉,胶体稳定性变差,使得稠油中沥青质相对分子质量变大;随着温度的升高,沥青质提前发生聚沉,稠油胶体稳定性变差,同时稠油中沥青质含量略有提高,胶质与沥青质含量之比变小,沥青质相对分子质量变大。     

聚合物驱后凝胶复合体系调驱技术及应用

为提高凝胶体系对聚合物驱后高渗透地层的深部调驱效果,开发了由聚丙烯酰胺乳液、无机颗粒和Cr3+交联剂组成的凝胶复合体系。通过室内成胶实验,优选出了适合现场施工的6号和7号配方。室内封堵实验表明,在高渗透岩心中,注入7号配方的凝胶复合体系后,再驱8倍孔隙体积水,封堵率高达98.6%,说明该体系可以到达岩心深部发挥调驱作用,且7号配方的封堵效果优于6号配方。利用7号配方的凝胶复合体系对6个井组进行调剖后,注水井油压上升了1.8MPa,对应油井见效高峰时含水率下降了6.9%,累积增产原油1.1305×104t。