移动式低活度废放射源整备装置设计与研制

在研究了低活度废放射源整备工艺流程及废放射源封装方案和封装容器方案的基础上,研制了移动式低活度废放射源整备装置以及与其配套的低活度放射源封装容器、混凝土包装容器和贮存容器。使用60Co和137Cs废放射源示范整备实验表明:装置布置合理,操作方便,整备装置各系统和设备运行稳定,能顺利开展整备操作。     

可移动式高活度废放射源整备装置的示范性验证

在高活度废放射源、整备场地、整备装置、监测仪器、人员和文件准备的基础上,利用自行研制的国内第1套可移动式高活度废放射源整备装置,顺利完成了活度为3.71×1013Bq的60Co废放射源的示范整备和回取作业。整备方案考虑了废放射源整备后的安全、可回取和体积最小化等原则,以及国内废放射源地坑式贮存现状。在整备过程中,将29枚高活度60Co废放射源从原始容器中取出后封装在螺纹封装管中,再将多根封装管放入薄壁盛装容器中,最后将盛装容器放入长期贮存容器中。在回取过程中,将已整备的多枚高活度60Co废放射源恢复原状,放入原始容器。在整备过程中,整备装置外表面剂量率1.56μGy/h~4.48μGy/h,装置顶盖外表面剂量率4.23μGy/h～14.8μGy/h;距整备装置外墙10 m处的剂量率1.20μGy/h~1.84μGy/h;整备操作人员最大个人受照剂量5.4μSv,平均个人受照剂量3.0μSv。在废放射源整备和回取作业过程中,以及作业以后,整备装置工况良好。     

高活度废放射源整备装置可行性验证

为使高活度废放射源满足长期贮存安全要求,在研制的高活度废放射源整备装置上进行了可行性试验研究。结果表明装置满足整备活度超过3.7×1013 Bq（1 000 Ci）的废放射源的要求,操作位的剂量率为8.5～16.5μSv/h,该装置用于高活度废放射源的整备是可行的也是安全的。     

ZnBr2作为热室观察窗材料的可行性研究

高活度废放射源整备装置要求清晰可见和屏蔽性能良好的观察系统。通过对ZnBr2水溶液的可视性能、对电离辐照的屏蔽效果和耐辐照性能的研究，结果表明将ZnBr2溶液用在高活度废放射源整备装置观察系统中是安全可行的。     

高活度废放射源整备技术路线研究

高活度废放射源具有高活度、高剂量和高风险等特点,需要加强对此类源的管理措施。对其实施整备作业是有效管理的一个重要环节。在介绍国际原子能机构和国外某些国家开展的高活度废放射源整备研究和作业的基础上,介绍了国内高活度废放射源管理现状,提出了我国高活度废放射源整备研究的技术路线和建议。     

高活度废放射源整备屏蔽材料(沙子)性能研究

针对高活度废放射源整备建立了可移动废放射源整备屏蔽实验装置,利用该装置,从工程运用角度开展了忻州沙的粒径、密度测量和屏蔽实验,筛选出了适合废放射源整备使用的特定类型沙子。研究结果显示:采用厚度150 cm饱和含水忻州建筑沙作为屏蔽材料,可确保1 000 Ci ⁶⁰Co废放射源整备时在屏蔽装置外产生的剂量率小于0.03 mSv/h。     

高活度废放射源整备装置稳定性测试

对移动式高活度废放射源整备装置的屏蔽体采用单面墙体进行结构稳定性测试,为整备装置屏蔽体设计提供基础参数。测试时采用电测应力法,对屏蔽体单面墙的外表面以及肋板、拉杆进行应力应变测试。测试结果表明,各测点的最大拉力远小于可承受的最大拉力,所测试的结构安全,整备装置结构稳定。     

高活度废放射源整备过程中的屏蔽计算

剂量计算与屏蔽计算是高活度废放射源整备安全保障与技术实施的基础.本文使用c++语言开发编写了高活度废放射源整备剂量率计算与屏蔽计算程序,并对废源整备工作做了初步设计和优化.     

高活度废放射源整备装置热室照明设计

良好的照明是保证在热室中顺利完成废放射源整备的关键因素之一。本文根据国际照明委员会照明标准和热室照明的特殊要求,分析了高活度废放射源整备装置内部照明的设计、灯具布置及其他问题,确定采用了泛光照明方式,并对照度分布进行了验证。     

低活度废放射源整备减量化技术及其实践

概述了美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室低活度废放射源整备的主要过程、所用容器参数及封装整备技术等,介绍了在我国的一次废放射源整备收贮工作实践,为我国开展低活度废放射源减量化管理提供借鉴和参考。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.