包套热挤压M32粉末冶金高速钢的组织性能研究

提出了一种解决粉末冶金高速钢制备工艺繁琐、性价比低等问题的包套热挤压工艺,采用该工艺制备了M32粉末冶金高速钢,研究了不同挤压温度和热处理对M32粉末高速钢的显微组织与性能的影响。结果表明:未热处理时,随挤压温度的升高,试样相对密度及硬度变化趋势一致,均是先升高后降低,在挤压温度为1 240℃时达到峰值,分别为98.04%和45.6HRC;在淬火温度1 180℃以及回火温度560℃热处理后,M32高速钢的晶粒及碳化物颗粒尺寸较小且分布均匀,力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度及硬度分别为3 721.8 MPa和66.7HRC。     

冷处理及回火次数对刀剪用M390粉末钢组织和性能的影响

通过对M390粉末不锈钢进行淬火、冷处理和低温回火，研究了热处理对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：冷处理降低合金中残余奥氏体的数量，大幅度提高材料硬度和抗弯强度；1 180℃淬火试样冷处理后，随回火次数的增加，单位面积碳化物颗粒总数和平均粒径增加，硬度下降，一次回火后硬度达到61.1 HRC;1 130℃淬火试样冷处理后，随着回火次数增加，单位面积颗粒总数不断增加，平均粒径和硬度下降，一次回火后硬度达到60.0 HRC；淬火温度和回火次数对抗弯强度影响不大，合金抗弯强度为4 000 MPa左右。     

淬火温度对添加B_4C的ASP30粉末冶金高速钢组织及力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备添加B_4C的全致密ASP30高速钢,样品在1 040℃到1 200℃范围内淬火,并且经过560℃三次回火,研究淬火温度对其力学性能及显微组织的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计和材料力学性能测试机研究高速钢的组织和力学性能。结果表明:添加质量分数为0.025%B_4C的ASP30粉末冶金高速钢在1 160℃下烧结2 h后会形成月牙形液相碳化物,从而获得全致密的烧结组织。随淬火温度升高,显微组织中碳化物的数量明显减少,基体中合金元素固溶含量提高,基体晶粒长大,断口形貌呈准解理断裂但断口平整度下降。随淬火温度升高,钢的硬度提高,最高值达到69 HRC。抗弯强度、断裂韧性均下降,抗弯强度最高值达4 357MPa,断裂韧性最高值为48.6 MPa/m1/2。冲击韧性先升高后下降,在1 080℃最高为18.85 J/cm2。     

喷射成形2060高速钢的组织与性能

利用雾化沉积炉制备喷射成形2060高速钢沉积坯,经过锻造后再进行盐浴淬火和回火处理,研究喷射成形2060高速钢及其热处理后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:喷射成形2060高速钢沉积坯的表面较光洁,无明显的宏观偏析,晶粒较细小,晶粒尺寸约为20μm,沉积坯的相对密度在99.5%以上;沉积坯中主要存在M6C和MC两种碳化物相,均匀弥散分布在晶界与晶内以及基体中,氧含量只有1.6×10-7左右。2060高速钢的抗弯强度随淬火温度升高而逐渐降低,淬火温度应低于1 210℃。在1 170~1 190℃下淬火时可获得抗弯强度≥3 000MPa、硬度≥70 HRC的良好综合力学性能。     

粉末冶金M2高速钢的制备与组织性能研究

采用机械球磨法制备了M2高速钢(HSS)粉末,研究了烧结温度对数控机床用高速钢显微组织、硬度、抗弯强度等性能的影响,并分析了热处理对高速钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,球磨时间为16 h时高速钢粉末的颗粒分布均匀、平均尺寸最小;在烧结温度为1 245℃时,高速钢试样中未见显微孔洞或者裂纹等缺陷存在,同时碳化物细小、弥散;烧结温度为1 235℃时,高速钢试样的烧结机制为固相烧结,相对密度为87.2%,升高烧结温度至1 245℃及以上时,高速钢试样的烧结机制为液相烧结,相对密度保持在98%以上;随着烧结温度的升高,高速钢试样的磨损失重呈现先减小后增大的趋势,抗弯强度呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在烧结温度为1 245℃时具有较小的磨损失重和最大的抗弯强度;淬火和回火热处理可以进一步提高烧结试样的洛氏硬度。     

热处理工艺对18%Cr马氏体不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响

以羰基Fe粉以及Cr_3C_2,VC,Mo_2C等碳化物粉末为原料,制备Cr含量(质量分数,下同)为18%的粉末冶金马氏体不锈钢。将不锈钢分别在1 050℃和1 150℃下淬火,然后于200~590℃下进行回火处理,研究热处理工艺对不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:粉末冶金18%Cr马氏体不锈钢的基体中存在M_7C_3型以及MC型碳化物,随回火温度升高,碳化物数量增多并且碳化物形态由原来的部分连续状向孤立、块状转变。1 150℃温度下淬火的不锈钢,其硬度较高,HRC最高达63.9,在较低温度下(200℃)回火时,抗弯强度为2 002 MPa,而在530℃温度下回火后,抗弯强度大幅升高至3 093 MPa。1 150℃淬火的不锈钢,其冲击韧性较低,随回火温度升高而升高。热处理后的不锈钢断裂形式均为准解理断裂。     

TiC_p/M2粉末高速钢的显微组织与性能

将水雾化M2高速钢粉末高能球磨破碎后,添加6%Mo2C及3%～12%(均为质量分数)的Ti C增强颗粒,模压成形,在1 030～1 240℃温度下真空烧结,得到TiC颗粒增强M2粉末高速钢(TiCP/M2)。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及万能材料试验机等对烧结态高速钢进行物相组成、显微形貌及烧结性能的分析和测试。结果表明,Ti CP/M2混合粉末的烧结活性较高,1 220℃以下即能实现烧结致密化。Ti C的加入会阻碍M2高速钢的烧结致密化进程,12%TiCP/M2的烧结温度比3%TiCP/M2的提高约40 K。TiC能促进MC碳化物的形成,随烧结温度升高,Ti C的体积分数下降,而MC碳化物的尺寸与体积分数增加。TiCP/M2高速钢的硬度随TiC含量增加而增加,最佳烧结温度下,随TiC添加量从3%增加到12%,硬度(HRC)从58.3提高至62.1。高速钢的抗弯强度随TiC含量增加先增加后减小,9%TiC/M2的抗弯强度最高,为2 358 MPa。TiC的添加可在一定程度上拓宽M2高速钢的烧结温度区间。     

T8钢淬火及回火组织转变的研究

通过制定相应的淬火及回火工艺,研究了T8钢在不同温度淬火回火后的组织转变过程。应用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对热处理后的组织进行观察,并且应用洛氏硬度计对试样的宏观硬度进行测量。经过试验可知:T8钢最佳淬火温度为850℃,温度过高和过低都是不可取的;随着回火温度的升高,T8钢回火组织依次以回火马氏体、回火托氏体和回火索氏体进行演变;试样在回火后的硬度先升高后下降,在200℃回火时的硬度达到最大值,这是由于马氏体中碳原子的偏聚以及大量弥散的ε-碳化物析出造成的。     

厚规格35CrMo预硬型模具钢板的回火组织与硬度研究

通过扫描电镜的分析手段,研究了莱钢生产35CrMo预硬型模具钢板厚度方向显微组织对硬度分布的影响。结果表明:80mm厚度钢板经过900℃淬火和550~560℃回火后,钢板近表面硬度为HRC32~36,心部硬度超过HRC28,厚度方向硬度波动控制在HRC5以内;120mm厚度钢板经过920℃淬火和570℃回火后,钢板近表面硬度为HRC32~34,心部硬度下降到HRC28~30。回火态钢板表面硬度下降幅度大于心部硬度的下降幅度,钢板近表面处组织中的回火马氏体呈板条状,原始奥氏体被晶界不同取向的板条马氏体分割细化,组织中碳化物呈短棒状,数量相对较少;板厚1/2处组织为回火贝氏体和数量较多的碳化物。随着钢板厚度增加和回火温度升高,显微组织中回火马氏体体积分数逐渐减少,回火贝氏体体积分数逐渐增多,组织中的碳化物析出量逐渐增加,聚集长大趋势明显。     

25Cr3Mo3NiNb二次硬化钢中的碳化物

利用TEM和萃取相分析方法，研究了25Cr3Mo3NiNb二次硬化钢淬火回火组织中的碳化物。结果表明，随淬火奥氏体化温度的升高，M6C型碳化物逐渐溶解。于1050℃奥氏体化时M6C型碳化物全部溶解，淬火态试样中只有少量的Nb(C，N)颗粒和自回火M3C型碳化物。随回火温度的升高，先后析出ε、M3C、M2C和M7C3等类型的碳化物。Nb(C，N)颗粒可以阻止淬火奥氏体晶粒的异常长大，而高温回火析出的M2C碳化物有二次硬化作用，从而提高回火稳定性和高温强韧性。     

B4C对M3:2粉末冶金高速钢组织与力学性能的影响

本文以水雾化M3:2高速钢预合金粉末为原料,添加适量碳化硼(B4C)粉末颗粒,球磨混合均匀后,经700 MPa单向压制,1190℃和1230℃真空烧结,制备出了综合性能优良的粉末冶金高速钢(powder metallurgy high-speed steel,PM HSS)材料。通过示差扫描量热分析仪(differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)、电子探针显微分析仪(electro-probe microanalyzer,EPMA)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和万能材料试验机等对烧结粉末冶金高速钢进行物相分析、显微结构观察和力学性能测试。结果表明,当添加体积分数为0.3%B4C时,M3:2粉末冶金高速钢的最佳烧结温度可降低约40℃;1190℃烧结温度下,添加体积分数为0.3%B4C的粉末冶金高速钢硬度为HRC 54.1,抗弯强度3074.09 MPa,与达到致密化时未添加B4C的粉末冶金高速钢相比,硬度提升3.6%,抗弯强度提升10.5%。加入的B4C粉末颗粒除了发挥烧结助剂的作用和降低烧结温度外,还会参与合金化,增强材料力学性能。     

SPS烧结M42粉末冶金高速钢的显微组织与性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备了M42粉末冶金高速钢,研究了SPS烧结M42粉末冶金高速钢及其热处理后的显微组织与性能。结果表明:与普通粉末冶金高速钢相比,SPS烧结制备的M42粉末冶金高速钢显微组织均匀、晶粒细小、无碳化物偏析。经过在1180℃×5min×550℃×1h的热处理后,硬度比普通粉末冶金高速钢提高1～2HRC。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 6Crl5MoV

 Martensitic stainless steel containing Cr of 12% to 18% (mass percent) are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel. The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment, especially as Cr and C content. Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance, a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed. The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel is emphatically researched. Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation; OM, SEM and TEM have been carried out to microstructure observation; hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M23C6 carbide, and the M23C6 carbides finely distributed in annealed microstructure. 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range, the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to HRC 608 to HRC 616 when quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃. Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure, and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain. With the increasing of quenching temperature, the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease. The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃ with tempered at 100 to 150 ℃, and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size. At these temperature ranges, the hardness will retain about HRC 592 to HRC 616 and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 173 to 20 J. A lot of M23C6 carbides precipitated from martensite matrix, at the same time along the boundaries of martensite lathes which leading to the decrease of impact toughness when tempered at 500 to 540 ℃. The M3C precipitants also existed in the martensite matrix of test steel after tempered at 500 ℃, and the mean size of M3C precipitates is bigger than that of M23C6 precipitates.     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV

Martensitic stainless steel containing 12%-18%Cr have high hardness due to high carbon content. These steels are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel.The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment,especially as Cr and C content.Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance,a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed.This study emphatic researches the effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel.Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation;optical microscope（OM）,scanning electronic microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） have been carried out to microstructure observation;hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties.Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M₂₃,C₆ carbide,and finely distributed of M₂₃C₆ carbides can be observed on annealed microstructure of 6Cr15MoV stainless steel.6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range,the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to 60.8 -61.6 HRC when quenched at 1060 - 1100℃.Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure,and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain.With the increasing of quenching temperature,the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease.The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060-1100℃with tempered at 100-150℃,and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size.At these temperature ranges,the hardness will retain about 59.2-61.6 HRC and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 17.3-20 J.The morphology of impact fracture surface of tested steel is small dimples with a small amount of cleavage planes.The area of cleavage planes increases with the increasing of tempering temperature.     

回火温度对中碳合金钢4Cr5MoSiV1Nb组织和性能的影响

 为了优化合金性能，研究了回火温度对中碳合金钢4Cr5MoSiV1Nb组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明，4Cr5MoSiV1Nb合金钢的二次硬化温度区间为300～550 ℃，峰值出现在550 ℃，此时硬度值为56.3HRC，同时伴有冲击韧性的显著降低，冲击韧性降低的原因是合金钢回火时含铬铬的细短棒状合金渗碳体在晶界析出，可以推测减少淬火合金钢中铬的偏析将会减少晶界析出，提高冲击韧性。微量铌的加入形成了（V，Nb）C强化相颗粒。合金在250～350 ℃回火综合性能最佳，可以达到冲击韧性15 J/cm2、硬度55HRC以上。     

喷射成形高钒高速钢环坯制备技术研究

采用喷射成形技术制备高钒高速钢环坯,阐述了喷射成形制备过程方法及工艺参数,制备得到的沉积坯收得率为83.5%。对比观察沉积坯不同位置组织及碳化物形貌,发现:组织均匀细小,碳化物颗粒细小、形状较为规则、分布均匀,合金元素无宏观偏析;孔隙及缺陷主要位于沉积坯与基体的结合界面附近,产生于喷射沉积未完全稳定的试验初期。对热处理后的沉积坯试样进行硬度测试,喷射成形高钒钢淬火硬度为63HRC,高于粉末冶金高钒钢;经过3次回火,硬度逐渐下降,未出现二次硬化现象。     

Effect of tempering on mechanical properties of 25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE steel

The change rule of mechanical properties and impact fracture morphologies of a high Co- Ni secondary hardening ultra- high strength 25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE steel tempered at 200-750?? after quenched was studied by mechanical properties test and microstructure analysis such as optical microscope(OM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that experimental steel after quenching and tempering has a remarkable secondary hardening effect. After tempered at 400-495??, the hardness of experimental steel can reach and beyond the quenched hardness. In this range, tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of experimental steel increase with the tempering temperature increasing, tensile strength and hardness of experimental reach maximum (57. 3HRC and 2160MPa) after tempered at 470??, meanwhile, with the tempering temperature increasing, impact toughness of experimental steel decreases during the prophase, until reaches minimum at 430??, then increases gradually, and reaches maximum after tempered at 510??. The recommended optimum heat treatment process of 25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE steel is as follow: 950???1h oil quenching??(-73??)??1h rising back to room temperature in the air ??495???5h air cooling. At this time, the experimental steel has the best strength and toughness matching.     

热处理工艺对海洋工程用高强度耐低温H型钢组织及性能影响

摘要：以热轧耐低温H型钢为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析和力学性能测试等手段,研究了完全淬火和亚温淬火对试验钢微观组织和力学性能的演变规律。结果表明,试验型钢经780℃亚温淬火+600℃回火处理后,形成回火索氏体+铁素体的网状组织;试验型钢900℃淬火+600℃回火处理后,转变得到具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体,碳化物分布更加细小均匀,位错密度下降。2种热处理工艺制备H型钢综合力学性能优良,屈服强度均达到500MPa以上,900℃淬火+600℃回火处理后钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度更高。-40℃低温冲击韧性比热轧状态下出现大幅度提高,随着淬火温度升高冲击功更加稳定。     

淬火及回火处理对新型槽帮钢30MnSiCrMo组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸冲击试验机及布氏硬度计等研究了新型槽帮钢30MnSiCrMo经900～920℃30 min淬火,350～550℃2h回火的组织性能变化。结果表明,350～550℃不同回火过程中,试验钢出现马氏体分解、碳化物转变、聚集长大及α相回复再结晶等转变,室温组织由回火马氏体向回火屈氏体和回火索氏体过渡。随着回火温度的上升,基体固溶强化与碳化物析出强化减弱,试验钢的强度与硬度连续降低,而塑性与韧性不断提高,试验钢在900和920℃30 min水淬后450～520℃2 h回火时获得良好的强韧性匹配,即抗拉强度1159～1008 MPa,屈服强度1107～944 MPa,断后伸长率11.8%～15.0%,室温硬度336～293HBW,V型缺口冲击吸收功45.5～67.5 J,能够满足中部槽材料的强韧性要求。