太阳能烟囱发电和海水淡化综合系统的初步研究

提出了太阳能烟囱海水淡化及热风发电综合系统。以天津地区的气候条件为准,估算出此系统每平方米集热棚面积可年产1.0kWh的电量和0.74t的淡水。对建立的小型冷凝实验验证系统中的冷空气风速、冷凝水产量及温度场进行了测量,给出了高浓度不凝气体—水蒸气间壁冷凝换热的水蒸气冷凝速率模型和理论风速计算公式,用来关联不凝气体浓度、温度等对冷凝换热的影响,为将来综合系统的优化提供理论依据。并根据实验数据对冷凝系统进行了初步设计。     

太阳能海水淡化装置

全世界约有14亿立方公里水资源,其中97.3％为海水,2.7％为淡水,而淡水中约75％又冰冻在两极地带,可供人类直接利用的淡水仅占0.36％,而且分布很不均匀。即使在水资源相对丰富的一些地区,由于人口的增长,工业的发展,以及水源的污染,人们也担心将来会缺水。我国是水资源贫乏国,人均水占有量在全世界居第88位。为了发展生产,保障人民生活需要,开发淡水资源意义十分重大。其中,海水淡化是人工获得淡水的途径之一,已引起越来越多国家的关注。淡化海水需消耗大量能源,这些能源可以是常规能源,也可以是太阳能等新能源。为了节约煤、油、     

联合海水淡化和余热的风力增压式太阳能烟囱电站技术经济性分析北大核心CSCD

文章基于联合海水淡化和余热的风力增压式太阳能烟囱发电综合系统(WSCPPDW),构建了能够描述其运行特性和经济性能的数学模型,研究表明:烟气余热的利用,使得WSCPPDW的发电和产水性能优于大多数水电联产的太阳能烟囱电站(SCPP)综合系统,其发电量为193.7 kW,产水量17.2 t/h,能量综合利用效率13.5%。风力增压装置使得WSCPPDW总净利润和总净现值分别增大了21.6%和14.7%,提前3 a进入盈利期。WSCPPDW年净收益均呈逐年递增的趋势,年净现值先增大后减小,除了第1年为负值外,在剩余的服役期间内均大于零。WSCPPDW同时利用风能、太阳能和烟气余热多种形式能源,在低辐射状态下能够连续、稳定地工作。     

太阳能烟囱综合利用海水系统的初步研究

针对目前太阳能海水淡化技术和太阳能烟囱发电技术在经济或技术上存在的问题,提出了太阳能烟囱综合利用海水系统,在利用太阳能烟囱进行海水淡化的同时,以制取的淡水进行水力发电。首先以天津汉沽地区的气象数据对综合系统的性能进行了初步估算;其次建立并优化小型实验系统,获取不同冷凝方式的实验结果。通过实验与理论估算结果的对比来分析该综合系统的理论和经济可行性。理论和实验研究结果表明:采用间壁冷凝换热方式,所提出的综合设计方案具有可行性,并同时推动太阳能烟囱技术和海水淡化技术的发展。     

吸收式太阳能海水淡化技术

介绍了吸收式太阳能海水淡化技术,简述了该技术的运行原理,分析了研究现状,总结了它的工艺特点、经济可行性以及与其他低品位能源相匹配等问题,并展望了其广阔的应用前景。     

海水淡化太阳能烟囱发电综合系统的产水规律及内在因素影响的试验研究

该文成功设计搭建首台实现水、电联产的小型海水淡化-太阳能烟囱电站综合试验装置,并在实际气象条件下测试综合系统的产水率规律,揭示海水温度、海水-蒸馏池盖板温差、产水率等互相影响的作用机制。研究发现:蒸馏池日产水量沿集热棚径向递减,在中偏后部位有突增,蒸馏池应尽量布置在集热棚入口至径向三分之二之间的区域。系统高位产水时段为日落左右至01:00和03:00之间某时刻,占运行时长比例小,却是产水的主要时段。海水温度和海水-蒸馏池盖板温差影响产水率的主次存在时段差异,在产水上升期,海水-蒸馏池盖板温差是主要因素;而在产水下降期,海水温度是主要因素。维持较高的海水温度和海水-蒸馏池盖板温差是实现综合装置高效产水的关键。     

新型吸附式太阳能海水淡化技术

论述了一种新型的海水淡化技术——吸附式太阳能海水淡化技术。介绍了该技术的基本原理以及系统的运行过程，分析了技术特点以及存在的一些主要问题，探讨了该技术的应用领域和发展前景。     

太阳能海水淡化技术

太阳能海水淡化技术无污染、低能耗、生产规模可有机组合,是有效解决淡水危机的新途径.介绍了现有的海水淡化技术,分析了太阳能海水淡化,尤其是中高温槽式太阳能闪蒸法海水淡化系统.     

太阳能烟囱发电和海水淡化综合系统的间壁冷凝换热模型

在前期研究结果的基础上,进一步对太阳能烟囱海水综合系统中饱和湿热空气的间壁冷凝换热机理进行了探讨.以衰变因子模型为基础建立了冷凝水收集速率的非迭代模型,完善了基于扩散层理论计算冷凝水收集速率模型.结果表明两种模型较好地表达了实验系统中冷凝水收集情况和饱和湿热空气的冷凝换热情况,为综合系统的间壁冷凝换热提供了具体的实验和理论基础,为最大程度获得冷凝淡水找到途径.     

Numerical simulations of solar chimney power plant with radiation model

A three-dimensional numerical approach incorporating the radiation, solar load, and turbine models proposed in this paper was first verified by the experimental data of the Spanish prototype. It then was used to investigate the effects of solar radiation, turbine pressure drop, and ambient temperature on system performance in detail. Simulation results reveal that the radiation model is essential in preventing the overestimation of energy absorbed by the solar chimney power plant (SCPP). The predictions of the maximum turbine pressure drop with the radiation model are more consistent with the experimental data than those neglecting the radiation heat transfer inside the collector. In addition, the variation of ambient temperature has little impact on air temperature rise despite its evident effect on air velocity. The power output of the SCPP within the common diurnal temperature range was also found to be insensitive to ambient temperature.     

Analysis of some available heat transfer coefficients applicable to solar chimney power plant collectors

A solar chimney power plant consists of a translucent collector which heats the air near the ground and guides it into the base of a chimney at its centre. The buoyant air rises in the chimney and electricity is generated through one or more turbines in or near the base of the chimney. Various studies about solar chimney power plant performance have been published. Different calculation approaches with a variety of considerations have been applied to calculate chimney power plant performance. In particular, two comprehensive studies are relevant, namely those of (Bernardes, M.A.d. S., Voß, A., Weinrebe, G., 2003. Thermal and technical analyses of solar chimneys. Solar Energy 75, 511-524; Pretorius, J.P., Kröger, D.G., 2006b. Solar chimney power plant performance. Transactions of the ASME 128, 302-311). The paper compares the methods used to calculate the heat fluxes in the collector, and their effects on solar chimney performance. Reasons for the discrepancies between the predictions of the two models are given. In general the Pretorius model produces higher heat transfer coefficients and higher heat rate fluxes for both the roof and for the ground surfaces. The two approaches lead to very similar air temperature rises in the collector and thus, similar produced power.     

Impact of solar energy cost on water production cost of seawater desalination plants in Egypt

Many countries in North Africa and the Middle East are experiencing localized water shortages and are now using desalination technologies with either reverse osmosis (RO) or thermal desalination to overcome part of this shortage. Desalination is performed using electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels with associated greenhouse gas emissions. Increased fuel prices and concern over climate change are causing a push to shift to alternative sources of energy, such as solar energy, since solar radiation is abundant in this region all year round.     

烟囱阴影下风力增压式太阳能烟囱电站性能探究

文章以西班牙太阳能烟囱电站为原型,采用太阳射线追踪法加载太阳辐射,对太阳能烟囱电站和风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站进行三维数值模拟,探讨烟囱阴影下系统的流场特性和太阳入射角度对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:烟囱阴影区蓄热层表面、集热棚表面温度突降,导致热气流与蓄热层表面、集热棚表面进行对流换热,造成热量损失;随着太阳入射角增加,系统轴功率和集热棚效率均明显下降;风力增压装置形成的出口负压可以削弱阴影所造成的气流掺混等不利影响,因而风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站涡轮机轴功率的变化幅度相对常规太阳能烟囱电站较为平缓。     

Numerical simulation of the solar chimney power plant systems coupled with turbine

Numerical simulations have been carried out on the solar chimney power plant systems coupled with turbine. The whole system has been divided into three regions: the collector, the chimney and the turbine, and the mathematical models of heat transfer and flow have been set up for these regions. Using the Spanish prototype as a practical example, numerical simulation results for the prototype with a 3-blade turbine show that the maximum power output of the system is a little higher than 50 kW. Furthermore, the effect of the turbine rotational speed on the chimney outlet parameters has been analyzed which shows the validity of the numerical method advanced by the author. Thereafter, design and simulation of a MW-graded solar chimney power plant system with a 5-blade turbine have been presented, and the numerical simulation results show that the power output and turbine efficiency are 10 MW and 50%, respectively, which presents a reference to the design of large-scale solar chimney power plant systems.     

依山建造斜体太阳能烟囱的构想

1978年,太阳能烟囱发电技术首先由德国J．Schlaich教授提出。然而,由于太阳能烟囱过高而存在工程安全性差和工程费过高的问题,世界上还没有建成一座商业规模的太阳能烟囱发电站。文章提出了依山建造太阳能烟囱的构想。通过理论分析,斜体太阳能烟囱发电系统的总发电功率和总效率比相同垂直高度的直立烟囱系统略有降低,但可以节省大量的工程费。     

大型热电肥联产沼气发电工程分析

从工艺流程、技术参数、运行状况以及效益分析等方面对现今国内畜禽场规模最大的沼气发电工程进行技术分析。运行表明,通过全混式厌氧发酵（CSTR）两级工艺,纯鸡粪进行厌氧发酵沼气发电是确实可行的;该工程的成功既解决了鸡粪污染,又产生了巨大的经济社会效益,对实现畜禽粪便综合利用具有良好的示范效果,并可为同类型沼气发电工程设计和建设提供参考。     

Modelling and simulation of a water desalination station with solar multiple condensation evaporation cycle technique

This paper presents the study of a new generation of water desalination installation by solar energy using the SMCEC principle (Solar Multiple Condensation Evaporation Cycle). The good quality of distilled water obtained by this new concept favours its use for producing water for drinking and irrigation. The work presented in this paper includes modelling, simulation and experimental validation for this type of installation. The models of the different sections of the unit are developed from the governing heat and mass transfer equations. These models permit the sizing of the solar collectors, the evaporation tower and the condensation tower. The numeric simulation of the models allows the study of the relation among the different control parameters of the unit that would optimise its production. The obtained results are then compared against the experimental results.     

基于太阳能和朗肯循环的热电氢联供系统

随着世界各国对太阳能产业发展的日益重视,太阳能高效利用技术已成为新能源研究的热点.然而,由于太阳能具有间歇性、波动性及低能量密度等特点,造成太阳能在存储和利用过程中存在储能成本高、工艺复杂、整体利用率低等问题.太阳能发电与制氢技术的有机结合可将太阳能转化为氢气进行存储,实现能源间的高效转化与利用,可有效解决上述问题.本...     

考虑光热电站参与的新能源热电联供型微网运行优化

针对传统热电联供型微网运行存在的问题,文章引入光热电站,并结合风力发电、光伏发电、电加热器、储能系统构成热电联供型微网,提出了一种计及微网运行成本的新能源热电联供型微网运行优化策略。该优化策略综合考虑与外部电网交互成本、各设备维护成本、储能老化成本及热电功率平衡约束等因素,建立了热电联供型微网运行优化模型,并采用YALMIP工具箱进行求解。结果表明:该模型运行成本降低了6.2%,电加热器配合光热电站可以提高微网的运行灵活性,实现电-热能量的双向流动,光热电站在一定范围内增大了发电规模,可有效降低微网运行成本。