Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1981

471 samples of livers of cod netted in July 1981 in seven fishing grounds in the southern part of the Baltic were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-BHC). Polychlorinated biphenyls resembling Chlopten A 60 were the predominating pollutants and their level ranged from trace amounts to 79 mg/kg. In the individual wet cod livers sigma DDT level ranged from 0.22 to 15 mg/kg. alpha-BHC, gamma-BHC and HCB levels ranged from not detectable levels to 0.29, 1.1 and 0.42 mg/kg, respectively. beta-BHC was detectable in most of the samples in trace amounts and delta-BHC was undetected. The levels of HCB, DDT and analogues and PCBs in the cod livers correlated with the length of the fish. The residue levels of sigma DDT in cod livers declined. The larger cod contained in their livers substantial levels of PCBs, and also of sigma DDT. However some local differences in pollution pattern were observed. The livers of cod from the Southern Baltic are relatively highly contaminated with these substances and the use of these products for human consumption is still questionable.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1981

Summary 471 samples of livers of cod netted in July 1981 in seven fishing grounds in the southern part of the Baltic were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzene-hexachloride (-,-, - and -BHC). Polychlorinated biphenyls resembling Chlopten A 60 were the predominating pollutants and their level ranged from trace amounts to 79 mg/kg. In the individual wet cod livers DDT level ranged from 0.22 to 15 mg/kg. -BHC, -BHC and HCB levels ranged from not detectable levels to 0.29, 1.1 and 0.42 mg/kg, respectively.-BHC was detectable in most of the samples in trace amounts and -BHC was undetected.The levels of HCB, DDT and analogues and PCBs in the cod livers correlated with the length of the fish. The residue levels of DDT in cod livers declined. The larger cod contained in their livers substantial levels of PCBs, and also of DDT. However some local differences in pollution pattern were observed. The livers of cod from the Southern Baltic are relatively highly contaminated with these substances and the use of these products for human consumption is still questionable.

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Organochlor-pesticide und Polychlorierte Biphenyle in Dorschleber aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1981

Zusammenfassung 471 Proben von Dorschleber, Juli 1981 in 7 Fischgründen der südlichen Ostsee gefangen, wurden auf Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB), DDT und seine Analoge (DDE und DDD), Hexachlorbenzol (HCB) und die Isomere von Benzolhexachlorid (-,-, - und -BHC) untersucht. Polychlorierte Biphenyle, dem Chlophen A 60 ähnlich, waren die vorherrschenden Verunreinigungen und ihre Mengen reichten von Spuren bis zu 79 mg/kg, in der einzelnen Dorschleber wurden Gesamt-DDT von 0,22 bis 15 mg/kg gefunden. - und -BHC und HCB wurde von nicht nachweisbaren Mengen bis zu 0,29, 1,1 und 0,42 mg/kg gefunden.-BHC konnte in den meisten Proben nur in Spuren und -BHC überhaupt nicht nachgewiesen werden.Die Mengen an HCB, DDT und Analoge und PCB in der Dorschleber korrelierten mit der Länge des Fisches. Die Rückstandsmengen an Gesamt-DDT in Dorschleber nahmen ab. Die größeren Dorsche enthielten in ihrer Leber beträchtliche Mengen an PCB und ebenso Gesamt-DDT, jedoch wurden lokale Unterschiede in den Rückstandswerten beobachtet. Die Leber des Dorsches aus der südlichen Ostsee ist relativ hoch mit diesen Substanzen konstaminiert und die Verwendung dieses Produktes ist für den menschlichen Verzehr noch bedenklich.

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Financial support under grant PR-4 (7.1/1)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the Southern Baltic, 1981

Summary 98 samples of muscle tissue of cod ranging form 51 to 60 cm in total length and netted in 1981 in the southern part of the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzenehexachloride (-, -, -and -BHC). Mean values obtained related to wet weight for cod muscle tissue were: 0.77 g kg/HCB, 0.71 g kg/-BHC, 3.8 g kg/-BHC, 5.2 g kg/p,p-DDe, 2.6 g kg/p,p-DDD, 2.6 Vg kg/p,p-DDT, 10 g kg/ DDT and 180 g kg/PCB; -BHC was detectable in trace amounts and -BHC was undetected. Generally residue levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs found in the muscles were low, and substantial decrease of DDT and less of PCB levels in recent years when compared with data noted in 1969–1970 and 1972–1974 is noticable.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle im Kabeljau der südlichen Ostsee 1981

Zusammenfassung 98 Proben von Kabeljau mit einer Gesamtlänge von 51–60 cm, mit Netz in der südlichen Ostsee gefangen, wurden auf PCB, DDT und seine Metaboliten DDE und DDD, HCB und die Isomeren von -, -, - und -BHC untersucht. Die mittleren Werte, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht, waren: 0,77 g kg/HCB, 0,71 g kg/-BHC, 3,8 g kg/-BHC, 5,2 g kg/p,p-DDE, 2,6 g kg/p,p-DDD, 2,6 g kg/p,p-DDT, 10 g kg/ DDT und 180 g kg/PCB; -BHC wurde nur in Speisen mit -BHC nicht nachgewiesen. Im allgemeinen waren die Werte für die Organochlorpesticide und PCB niedrig und eine Abnahme, verglichen mit denen der Jahre 1969–1970 und 1972–1974, ist festzustellen.

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Financial support under grant PR-4 (7.1/1).     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 207 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod muscle tissue (microgram/kg) related to wet weight were: 0.65 HCB, 1.2 alpha-BHC, 9.0 beta-BHC, 2.8 gamma-BHC, delta-BHC remained undetected, 13 sigma BHC, 4.4 p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT remained undetected, 4.0 p,p'-DDD, 1.8 p,p'-DDT, 10 sigma DDT and 55 PCBs. The results are compared with levels found in cod caught in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1967-1983, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), -, -, - and -benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD and p,p-DDT (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 207 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod muscle tissue (g/kg) related to wet weight were: 0.65 HCB, 1.2 -BHC, 9.0 -BHC, 2.8 -BHC, -BHC remained undetected, 13 BHC, 4.4p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD ando,p-DDT remained undetected, 4.0p,p-DDD, 1.8p,p-DDT, 10 DDT and 55 PCBs. The results are compared with levels found in cod caught in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1967–1983, and reported previously by other authors.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in Kabeljau aus der südlichen Ostsee,1983

Zusammenfassung Die Werte für Hexachlorbenzol (HCB), -, , -, und -Benzolhexachlorid (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD undp,pDDT (DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurden im Muskelgewebe von 207 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), mit Netz in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee 1983 gefangen, bestimmt. Die mittleren Werte, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht, waren: 0,65 g/kg HCB, 1,2 g/kg -BHC, 9,0 g/kg -BHC, 2,8 g/kg -BCH, -BHC blieben unbestimmt, 13 g/kg BHC, 4,4 g/kgp,p-DDE,o,p-DDD undo,p-DDT blieben unbestimmt, 4,0p,p-DDD, 1,8p,p-DDT, 10 g/kg DDT und 55 g/kg PCB. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Werten früherer Jahre von 1967–1983 und mit denen anderer Autoren verglichen.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sprats from the southern Baltic, 1981

102 samples of the muscle tissue of sprat netted in 1981 in the southern part of the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its analogues (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-BHC). The mean values obtained related to wet weight for sprat muscle meat were: 6.4 micrograms HCB/kg, 11 micrograms alpha-BHC/kg, 20 micrograms gamma-BHC/kg, 33 micrograms p,p'-DDE/kg, 42 micrograms p,p'-DDD/kg, 31 micrograms p,p'-DDT/kg, 110 micrograms sigma DDT/kg and 670 micrograms PCB/kg; beta-BHC was detectable in trace amounts and delta-BHC was undetected. The results are compared with values reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in livers of 210 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod livers related to wet weight (mg/kg) were: 0.096 HCB, 0.15 alpha-BHC, beta-BHC was found in trace amounts, 0.098 gamma-BHC, delta-BHC remained undetected, 0.26 sigma BHC, 1.1 p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT remained undetected, 1.1 p,p'-DDD, 0.39 p,p'-DDT, 2.6 sigma DDT and 7.2 PCB. The levels of sigma DDT, sigma BHC and HCB found are comparable with those noted in livers taken from cod of the same length class and netted in 1981, whilst-for PCB somewhat lower levels were found. Because of heavy contamination with PCBs, sigma DDT, sigma BHC and HCB the livers of cod caught in Baltic Sea still remain insuitable for human consumption.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), -, -, - and -benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD andp,p-DDT (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in livers of 210 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod livers related to wet weight (mg/kg) were: 0.096 HCB, 0.15 -BHC, -BHC was found in trace amounts, 0.098 -BHC, -BHC remained undetected, 0.26 BHC, 1.1p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD ando,p-DDT remained undetected, 1.1p,p-DDD, 0.39p,p-DDT, 2.6 DDT and 7.2 PCB. The levels of DDT, BHC and HCB found are comparable with those noted in livers taken from cod of the same length class and netted in 1981, whilst-for PCB somewhat lower levels were found. Because of heavy contamination with PCBs, DDT, BHC and HCB the livers of cod caught in Baltic Sea still remain insuitable for human consumption.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in der Kabeljauleber aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

Zusammenfassung Hexachlorbenzol (HCB), -, -, -und -Benzolhexachlorid (BHC; HCH), p,p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD undp,p-DDT (DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurde in der Leber von 210 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), im Netz 1983 in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee gefangen, bestimmt. Die mittleren gefundenen Werte für die Kabeljauleber, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht, betrugen: 0.096 mg/kg HCB, 0,15 mg/kg -BHC, -BHC wurden in Spurenmengen gefunden, 0.098 mg/kg -BHC, -BHC blieb unentdeckt, 0,26 mg/kg BHC, 1,1 mg/kgp,p-DDE,o,p-DDD undo,p-DDT blieb unentdeckt, 1,1 mg/kgp,p-DDD, 0,39 mg/kgp,p-DDT, 2,6 mg/kg DDT und 7,2 mg/kg PCB. Die gefundenen Mengen von DDT, BHC und HCB sind mit denen in der Kabeljauleber der Werte von 1981 vergleichbar, während die für PCB etwas niedriger gefunden wurde. Die schwere Kontamination mit PCB, DDT, BHC und HCB in der Leber, der in der Ostsee gefangenen Kabeljaus, läßt einen Verzehr für den Menschen nicht zu.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in herring from the Southern Baltic, 1981

Summary A total of 295 samples of muscle tissue from herring netted in 1981 in the southern part of the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and analogues (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and isomers of benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-BHC). The mean values obtained for herring muscle tissue relating to wet weight were: 8.6 g HCB/kg, 12 g alpha-BHC/kg, 20 g gamma-BHC/kg, 41 g p,p-DDE/kg, 49 g p,p-DDD/kg, 30 g p,pDDT/kg, 120 g DDT/kg and 550 g PCB/kg; beta-BHC was detectable in trace amounts and delta-BHC was not detected. Herring caught in the area under the direct influence of the Vistula River contained higher levels of DDT in their muscles than those in the other regions investigated.Significant positive recti linear correlations were found between the residue concentration of HCB, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD and _DDT in muscles and the body length of herring, and between the lipid content and the body length.

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Organochlor-pesticide und Polychlorbiphenyle im Hering aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1981

Zusammenfassung 295 Proben aus dem Muskelgewebe von Heringen, gefangen 1981 in der südlichen Ostsee, wurden auf polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB), DDT und Analoge (DDE und DDD) Hexachlorbenzol (HCB) und die Isomere von Hexachlorcyclohexan (-,ß-,- und-BHC) untersucht. Die mittleren Werte, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht des Heringsmuskels waren: 8,6 g HCB/kg, 12 g -BHC/kg, 20 g-BHC/kg, 41 g p,p-DDE/kg, 49 g p,p-DDD/kg, 30 g p,p-DDT/kg, 120 g Gesamt-DDT/kg und 550 g PCB/kg;ß-BHC wurde in Spuren und-BHC überhaupt nicht nachgewiesen. Heringe, die in unmittelbaren Einfluß des Vistula-Flusses gefangen wurden, hatten in ihren Muskeln höhere Werte an Gesamt-DDT verglichen mit denen anderer Regionen. Signifikante positive Korrelationen wurden zwischen den Rückständen an HCB, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD und Gesamt-DDT im Muskel bzw. dem Lipidgehalt und der Länge des Herings gefunden.

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Financial support under grant PR-4 (7.1/1)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in herring from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), -, -, - and -benzenehexachloride (BHC, HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD andp,p-DDT (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 187 herring (Clupea harengus) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for herring muscle tissue related to wet weight (g/kg) were: 14 HCB, 18 -BHC, 23 -BHC, 14 -BHC, -BHC remained undetected, 56 BHC, 115p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD ando,p-DDT remained undetected, 84p,p-DDD, 51p,p-DDT, 250 DDT and 530 PCB. The levels of organochlorine pesticides determined in wet muscles or extractable lipids of her ring are nearly 2–3 times as high as those noted in fish sampled in the same area in two years before, whilst for PCBs the wet weight levels were comparable, and when based on a lipid weight are somewhat higher. The results are compared with levels found in herring collected in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1965–1983, and reported previously by other authors.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in Hering aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

Zusammenfassung Hexachlorbenzol (HCB), -, -, -und -Benzolhexachlorid (BHC, HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD undp,p-DDT (DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurde im Muskelgewebe von 187 Heringen (Clupea harengus) 1983 in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee mit Netz gefangen, bestimmt. Die mittleren gefundenen Mengen für das Muskelgewebe von Heringen, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht waren: 14 g/kg HCB, 18 g/kg -BHC, 23 g/kg -BHC, 14 g/kg -BHC, -BHC blieb unentdeckt, 56 g/kg -BHC, 115 g/kg p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD undo,p-DDT blieb unentdeckt, 84 gmg/kgp,p-DDD, 51 g/kgp,p-DDT, 250 g/kg -DDT und 530 gmg/kg PCB. Die Mengen für Organo-chlorpesticide in frischen Muscheln oder in den extrahierten Lipiden waren zwei- bis dreimal höher als die in den Jahren zuvor bestimmten, während die für PCB vergleichbar gewesen sind, und wenn sie auf die Fettmenge bezogen wurden, lagen sie etwas höher. Die Ergebnisse wurden verglichen mit den gefundenen in anderen Regionen der Ostsee während der Jahre 1965–1983 und mit denen anderer Autoren.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sprats from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 214 sprats (Sprattus sprattus) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for sprats muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 17 micrograms HCB/kg, 33 micrograms alpha-BHC/kg, 52 micrograms beta-BHC/kg, 33 micrograms gamma-BHC/kg, delta-BHC remained undetected, 120 micrograms sigma BHC/kg, 110 micrograms p,p'-DDE/kg, o,p'-DDD remained undetected, o,p'-DDT was detected in 2 of 214 samples at the mean level 24 micrograms/kg, 94 micrograms p,p'-DDD/kg, 115 micrograms p,p'-DDT/kg, 320 micrograms sigma DDT/kg and 800 micrograms PCB/kg. The levels of organochlorine pesticides reported are two to three times higher than those reported for wet muscles of sprats sampled in the same area two years before, whilst for PCB the levels differ slightly. When based on light-petroleum extractable lipids, the corresponding levels of organochlorine pesticides were also higher and for PCB the residue levels dropped. The results are compared with levels found in sprats collected in a different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1969-1983, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in flatfish from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (espilon DDT) and polychlorinated biphenlys (PCBs) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 37 turbots Psetta maxima, 27 plaices Pleuronectes platessa and 106 flounders Platichthys flesus netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for flatfish muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 0.7, 0.88 and 1.1 microgram/kg HCB; 1.3, 2.6 and 3.0 micrograms/kg alpha-BHC; 11, 10 and 11 micrograms/kg beta-BHC; 4.4, 4.9 and 5.5 micrograms/kg gamma-BHC; delta-BHC remained undetected; 17, 18 and 20 micrograms/kg epsilon BHC; 5.1, 5.2 and 8.7 micrograms/kg p,p'-DDE; o,p'-DDD remained undetected; o,p'-DDT was detected in 10 of 106 samples of the muscle tissue of flounder at the mean level of 17 micrograms/kg; 4.6, 5.0 and 7.6 micrograms/kg p,p'-DDD; 3.1, 4.0 and 11 micrograms/kg p,p'-DDT; 13, 14 and 29 micrograms/kg epsilon DDT and 71, 66 and 94 micrograms/kg PCBs for turbot, plaice and flounder, respectively. Generally, the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in wet muscle tissue of fish followed the increased lipids content of muscles. Some local differences in pollution pattern of organochlorines have occurred. The results are compared with levels found in flatfish collected in a different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1966-1981, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in flatfish from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB),-,-,- and-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,o,p-DDD andp,p-DDT ( DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 37 turbotsPsetta maxima, 27 plaicesPleuronectes platessa and 106 floundersPlatichthys flesus netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for flatfish muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 0.7, 0.88 and 1.1 g/kg HCB; 1.3, 2.6 and 3.0 g/kg-BHC; 11, 10 and 11 g/kg-BHC; 4.4, 4.9 and 5.5 g/kg-BHC;-BHC remained undetected; 17, 18 and 20 g/kg BHC; 5.1, 5.2 and 8.7 g/kg p,p-DDE; o,p-DDD remained undetected; o,p-DDT was detected in 10 of 106 samples of the muscle tissue of flounder at the mean level of 17 g/kg; 4.6, 5.0 and 7.6 g/kgp,p-DDD; 3.1, 4.0 and 11 g/kgp,p-DDT; 13, 14 and 29 g/kg DDT and 71, 66 and 94 g/kg PCBs for turbot, plaice and flounder, respectively. Generally, the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in wet muscle tissue of fish followed the increased lipids content of muscles. Some local differences in pollution pattern of organochlorines have occurred. The results are compared with levels found in flatfish collected in a different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1966–1981, and reported previously by other authors.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in Plattfischen aus der südlichen Ostsee,1983

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Hexachlorbenzol (HCB)-,-,- and-Benzolhexachlorid (BHC; HCH), p,p-DDE, o,p-DDD, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDD und p,p-DDT ( DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurde in Muskelgewebe von 37 SteinbuttsPsetta maxima, 27 SchollenPleuronectes platessa und 106 FlundernPlatichthys flesus bestimmt, die 1983 in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee mit Netz gefangen wurden. Der mittlere Gehalt für obige Plattfische, bezogen auf das Naßgewicht, betrug: 0,7, 0,88 und 1.1 g/kg HCB; 1,3, 2,6 und 3,0 g/kg-BHC; 11, 10 and ll /kg-BHC; 4,4, 4,9 and 5,5 g/kg-BHC; -BHC blieb unentdeckt; 17, 18 and 20 g/kg BHC; 5,1, 5,2 und 8,7 g/kg p,p-DDE; o,p-DDD blieb unentdeckt; o,p-DDT konnte in 10 von 106 Proben von Flundern mit einem mittleren Gehalt von 17 g/kg nachgewiesen werden; 4,6, 5,0 und 7,6 g/kg p,p-DDD; 3,1, 4;0 and 11 g/kg p,p-DDT; 13,14 und 29 g/kg DDT and 71, 66 and g/kg PCB waren die Werte für Steinbutt, Schollen and Flunder.

     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in herring from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC, HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 187 herring (Clupea harengus) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for herring muscle tissue related to wet weight (microgram/kg) were: 14 HCB, 18 alpha-BHC, 23 beta-BHC, 14 gamma-BHC, delta-BHC remained undetected, 56 sigma BHC, 115 p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT remained undetected, 84 p,p'-DDD, 51 p,p'-DDT, 250 sigma DDT and 530 PCB. The levels of organochlorine pesticides determined in wet muscles or extractable lipids of herring are nearly 2-3 times as high as those noted in fish sampled in the same area in two years before, whilst for PCBs the wet weight levels were comparable, and when based on a lipid weight are somewhat higher. The results are compared with levels found in herring collected in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1965-1983, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in 12 edible marine organisms from the Adriatic Sea, Italy, Spring 1997.

Edible portions of 12 marine organisms from several areas of the Adriatic Sea, Italy, were collected during Spring 1997 and analysed for 32 organochlorine pesticides residues and 27 polychlorobiphenyl congeners. Only eight organochlorine pesticides - hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, diphenyl-dichloro-trichloroethane (DDT) group, dieldrin - were determined at levels in the range <0.01-19.88 ng g(-1) wet weight, with 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) being the more relevant single organochlorine. The contamination by organochlorine pesticides was comparable in organisms from the North, Centre and South Adriatic. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined at levels in the range <0.05-14.46 ng g(-1), with CB 101, 118, 138, 153, 180 and 187 being more relevant (penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners). The sum of PCBs congeners determined were in the range 1.18-69.05 ng g(-1). The contamination by PCBs is more relevant in organisms from the North Adriatic Sea owing to the antropic discharge from major rivers such as Po and Adige that flow through highly industrialized and densely populated areas.     

Trace metals in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Zusammenfassung Die Konzentration von Cadmium, Blei, Kupfer, Zink, Eisen, Mangan und Nickel wurde in den Muskelgeweben von 201 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), gefangen in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee 1983, bestimmt. Die Mcßmethode war Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie. Die mittleren erhaltenen Werte für das Frischgewicht des Muskelgewebes betrugen: 0,005 mg/kg Cd, 0,086 mg/kg Pb, 0,15 mg/kg Cu, 3,9 mg/kg Zn, 3,7 mg/kg Fe, 0,21 mg/kg Mn und 0,081 mg/kg Ni. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den früher veröffentlichten Werten für Kabeljau und mit den anderer Autoren aus der Ostsee verglichen.Summary The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 201 cod (Gadus morhua) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for cod muscle tissue were: 0.005 Cd, 0.086 Pb, 0.15 Cu, 3.9 Zn, 3.7 Fe, 0.21 Mn, and 0.081 Ni. The results are compared with values reported previously for cod from the Baltic Sea by other authors.[/p]

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Spurenelemente im Kabeljau aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Trace metals in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 201 cod (Gadus morhua) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for cod muscle tissue were: 0.005 Cd, 0.086 Pb, 0.15 Cu, 3.9 Zn, 3.7 Fe, 0.21 Mn, and 0.081 Ni. The results are compared with values reported previously for cod from the Baltic Sea by other authors.     

An assessment of air-soil exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides across central and southern Europe

Estimating the net flux direction of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides is importantfor understanding the role of soil as a sink or source of these chemicals to the atmosphere. In this study, the soil-air equilibrium status was investigated forvarious soil categories in Central and Southern Europe using an extensive database of coupled soil and time-integrated air samples. Samples were collected from 47 sites over a period of 5 months to assess both site-specific as well as seasonal variations in fugacity fractions, calculated as a potential measure of soil-air exchange. Sampling sites were carefully selected to represent a variety of background, rural, urban, and industrial areas. Special attention was given to sites in the former Yugoslavia, a country affected by recent conflicts, where soils were found to be highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Industrial soils from the Czech Republic, heavily polluted as a result of previous pesticide production, were also included in the survey. Soil was found to be a sink for highly chlorinated PCBs and for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT); for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the status was closer to equilibrium, with a tendency for net deposition during winter and net volatilization during summer. For lower-molecular-weight PCB congeners, as well as for alpha-HCH, soil tends to be a source of pollution to the air, especially, but not exclusively, during summer. Fugacity fractions were found to decrease during the colder seasons, especially for the more volatile compounds, although in both the war-damaged areas and the heavily contaminated industrial sites, seasonal variability was very low, with fugacity fractions close to 1, indicating strong net soil-to-air transfer for all seasons. The original assumption that residents of the Western Balkans are still exposed to higher levels of PCBs due to the recent wars was confirmed. In general, the soil-air transfer of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides was found to be site-specific and dependent on the physicochemical properties of the contaminant in question, the soil properties, the historical contamination record and a site's vicinity to sources, and the local meteorological conditions.     

Methods for determining pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in food samples--problems and challenges

Determination of residual amounts of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food samples requires the use of specific techniques regarding sample preparation as well as instrumental analysis which should be characterized by a very low detection limit. A problem associated with the use of pesticides and PCBs is the need for controlling their residues in the environment, particularly in food, as these chemicals show a propensity to accumulate. The analysis of food samples for the presence of pesticides and PCBs brings on many difficulties because of the specificity of sample preparation consisting of multistep purification procedures of samples that contain trace amounts of an analyte. Concentration determinations of pollutants that easily dissolve in complex matrices, particularly in the presence of a large apportionment of interfering substances, pose a big challenge. Therefore, the basic step in food analysis for the presence of pesticides and PCBs is sample preparation which mainly consists of analyte enrichment and the removal of interfering substances. But all steps of the analytical procedure that include sample collection and preparation, extraction of analytes from matrix, extract purification, and final determination, are very significant; their precision and correct application have a decisive effect on the final result.