疲劳对机织压延类柔性复合材料剥离性能的影响

对机织压延类柔性复合材料进行定伸长疲劳试验,测试了经疲劳处理后试样的剥离性能,分析了试样的定伸长疲劳对其剥离性能和织物结构、试验方法对柔性复合材料疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,材料疲劳后的剥离强力与定伸长比例和拉伸次数密切相关,且随着定伸长比例和拉伸次数的增加,其剥离强力明显下降.     

三维经编间隔结构汽车坐垫织物的抗压缩疲劳性能

为研究三维经编汽车坐垫的抗压缩疲劳性能,选择芳砜纶作为织物表面层的原料,聚偏氟乙烯作为织物间隔层的原料,通过平纹、六角和菱形网孔3 种表面层组织的不同组合,设计了4 种组织结构方案,并通过对织物厚度的调节,对6 块织物试样进行抗压缩疲劳性能测试,比较分析各织物的抗压缩疲劳曲线及压缩疲劳后的破坏形态,探讨织物抗压缩疲劳性能影响因素。结果表明：表面层组织结构越密实,间隔丝的固着程度越高,织物所能承受的载荷越大,其抗压缩疲劳性能越好;在一定范围内,随着织物厚度的增加,织物的抗压缩疲劳性能增强。     

头盔壳体用复合材料增强织物研究进展

作为重要的个人防护装备,头盔从金属材料升级到高性能纤维复合材料。鉴于传统铺层复合材料头盔壳体的结构缺陷,本文梳理了围绕复合材料头盔壳体整体增强织物开展的研究工作,重点总结了增强织物结构、织物成型性、纤维增强复合材料冲击及抗弹性能等方面的研究成果,同时提出存在的问题和需要进一步研究的方面,如织物结构与成型性之间的关系,织物结构和变形对其复合材料冲击性能的影响。     

玻纤细度对玻纤/PVC复合材料隔声性能的影响

为进一步研究玻璃纤维/PVC复合材料的隔声性能,使其性能更加优越,以不同细度的玻璃纤维制成的织物和高阻尼的聚氯乙烯为原料,制备玻璃纤维织物/聚氯乙烯隔声复合材料,并采用双声道分析仪、SEM等对样品的隔声性能、形态结构进行分析测试。结果表明:玻璃纤维的细度对织物及复合材料的隔声性能都有较大的影响;在面密度、厚度等条件基本相同的情况下,玻璃纤维的直径越小,制成的织物及聚氯乙烯复合材料的隔声性能越好。     

经编间隔织物增强聚氨酯复合材料弯曲性能

文章旨在研究经编间隔织物增强聚氨酯复合材料的弯曲性能。将3种不同表面结构的经编间隔织物作为增强元件与聚氨酯泡沫复合,并在聚氨酯泡沫中加入了两种类型微球制备复合材料。使用万能实验机对复合材料进行了弯曲性能测试,以研究经编间隔织物表面结构和微珠参数对聚氨酯基复合材料的弯曲性能的影响。通过实验结果可知,所制备的复合材料试样具有优异的弯曲性能,且其弯曲能量吸收能力受织物表面结构和微球种类的影响,可以通过改变结构参数来满足特定的最终使用要求。     

PAN基碳纤维织物的薄层复合材料性能的研究

建立织物薄层复合材料的简化力学模型,从理论上研究了织物对材料性能的影响;并通过对常见的几种PAN基碳纤维织物(平纹、斜纹、双层、经二重组织)所构成的薄层复合材料的性能测试,得出了织物对薄层复合材料性能影响的一些规律。     

超高分子量聚乙烯织物/聚脲柔性复合材料的抗破片侵彻机制

为研究平纹机织叠层和三维角联锁增强聚脲柔性复合材料的抗侵彻性能，以15 mm角联锁整体织物及叠层平纹织物(单层厚度0.39 mm, 40层)为研究对象，通过表面喷涂聚脲制备2种不同织物结构的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)织物/聚脲柔性复合材料；采用1.1 g柱状楔形破碎片，开展了弹道侵彻实验，并获取了弹道极限速度和比吸能；在此基础上，借助超景深显微镜及计算机断层扫描仪，观察侵彻后UHMWPE织物/聚脲柔性复合材料的表面及内部损伤形貌，分析抗破片侵彻机制。研究结果表明：UHMWPE织物/聚脲柔性复合材料抗破片侵彻性能具有明显的织物结构效应；相较于同厚度的叠层平纹织物增强聚脲柔性复合材料，角联锁织物增强聚脲柔性复合材料的弹道极限速度提升了4.9%;对于未被穿透的UHMWPE织物/聚脲柔性复合材料，其被侵彻过程主要包括聚脲对破片的包裹、剪切冲塞和纤维拉伸断裂破坏；叠层平纹织物的主要失效模式为剪切冲塞、分层失效，角联锁织物主要为纤维拉伸变形、拉伸断裂破坏。     

冲击波在陶瓷增强纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物及机织物复合材料中传递的表征

为了分析冲击波在复合材料内的传递规律,通过将纬编双轴向(MBWK)多层衬纱织物、机织物与陶瓷层交替铺层与不饱和聚酯树脂进行复合制备了复合材料,利用落锤冲击试验机对复合材料进行冲击测试,研究了试样冲击破坏后陶瓷片裂纹扩展及碎裂规律,探讨了冲击应力在不同结构复合材料内部的传播规律,并分析了MBWK织物增强复合材料的冲击应力波传播机制。结果表明:复合材料在冲击过程中,出现了材料的分层损伤;冲击应力波横波表现在陶瓷材料表面,即造成陶瓷材料环形损伤;冲击应力波纵波沿材料厚度方向传播,复合材料各层对能量的吸收有差别;同时,相同工艺条件下,机织物复合材料破坏面积小、裂纹数量少,说明机织物复合材料对冲击能量吸收较多、抗冲击性能较好。     

织物散湿性能的研究进展

为有效评价织物的散湿功能,获得性能优异的热湿舒适性产品,探究了纺织品散湿性能的影响因素,包括出汗速度、温度、湿度等环境因素,以及纤维组成、纤维形貌、织物结构等内部因素。然后从散湿性能测试的国际标准及测量指标、室温散湿测试、加热散湿测试3个方面,分析了不同检测方法的特点、适用范围及最新研究进展,研究了现有检测标准与方法的优势与局限性。最后指出,应该通过搭建可模拟真实人体微气候与外界环境的热湿检测装置,系统地分析环境因素与织物性能对散湿的影响,研究散湿过程的传热传质机制,为织物性能优化与舒适性面料的开发提供理论参考。     

三维间隔织物复合材料的制备及拉伸性能研究

介绍三维间隔织物复合材料的制备方法,并采用Instron 5969型万能材料试验机对三维间隔织物复合材料的拉伸性能进行测试,重点分析间隔高度、经纬向等结构参数对三维间隔织物复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:三维间隔织物复合材料拉伸性能随间隔高度的增加而下降;纬向拉伸性能优于经向。     

A review on the mechanical performance and fatigue behavior of 3-D angle-interlock woven composites

The 3-D textile structural composites (3DTSC) have attracted the special attention because of their excellent structural stability, higher fracture tolerance, and delamination resistance capability owing to the existence of fibers along the thickness direction. As one type of the 3DTSC, the 3-D angle-interlock woven composite (3DAWC) has attracted increasing attention in structural engineering applications owing to its special mechanical performance. In this review, the research progress on the mechanical performance of the 3DAWC undergoing the tension, compression, and impact loading conditions has been summarized. Furthermore, the research development on the fatigue behavior of the 2-D textile structural composites and the 3DTSC, as well as the comparisons of the fatigue-resistance performance between the different types of textile structural composites have been introduced. In addition, the progress, key issues, and future trend on the fatigue damage behavior of the 3DAWC are also given in this review.     

三维机织预型件的织造技术

纺织复合材料预型件的生产工艺有多种,其生产路径主要由最终用途决定。三维机织物是通过对传统织造原理改进加工而成的。二维机织复合材料是一种由二维织物构成的层合材料,而三维机织复合材料是复杂几何结构的整体构件。三维机织复合材料预型件有许多优点,最重要的优点是它避免了二维层合材料的分层现象。介绍了三维机织预型件的织造方法,为纺织复合材料的开发提供了有益的借鉴。     

Hybrid Yarns and Textile Preforming for Thermoplastic Composites

In the recent years, the use of textile structures made from high performance fibers is finding increasing importance in composites applications. In textile process, there is direct control over fiber placements and ease of handling of fibers. Besides economical advantages, textile technologies also provide homogenous distribution of matrix and reinforcing fiber. Thus textile performs are considered to be the structural backbone of composite structures. Textile technology is of particular importance in the context of improving certain properties of composites like inter-laminar shear and damage tolerance apart from reducing the cost of manufacturing. Textile industry has the necessary technology to weave high performance multifilament fibers such as glass, aramid and carbon, which have high tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to chemicals and heat into various types of preforms. Depending upon textile preforming method the range of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction of preform will vary, subsequently affecting matrix infiltration and consolidation. As a route to mass production of textile composites, the production speed, material handling, and material design flexibility are major factors responsible for selection of textile reinforcement production. This opens a new field of technical applications with a new type of semifinished material produced by textile industry. Various types of hybrid yarns for thermoplastic composites and textile preforming methods have been discussed in detail in this issue. Information on manufacturing methods, structural details and properties of different hybrid yarns are presented and critically analyzed. Characterization methods used for these hybrid yarns have been discussed along with the influence of different processing parameters on the properties being characterized. The developments in all areas of textile preforming including weaving, knitting, braiding, stitching and nonwovens techniques are presented and discussed along with the characterization techniques for these preforms. The techniques used for manufacturing composites using hybrid yarns and textile preforms are discussed along with the details on compaction behavior of these structures during consolidation process. The structure of hybrid yarns and the textile preforms have direct influence on the properties of the composite made from them. The reported literature in this aspect is discussed in detail. In the end, the potential application areas and their trends for thermoplastic composites are discussed and analyzed.     

立体织物在二氧化硅基复合材料方面的应用前景

摘要：连续纤维及其织物增韧的二氧化硅基（SiO2）复合材料具有强度高、韧性好、密度低等特点,是用于天线罩的理想材料。本文从不同增韧方式的成型工艺方法、增韧特点出发,综合评价了用于天线罩的颗粒增韧、晶须增韧和连续纤维增韧二氧化硅基复合材料的研究现状,提出适合于增韧二氧化硅基复合材料的立体织物纤维束结构,其中典型的纤维束交织结构包括2.5D机织、正交三向、三维编织及其衍生结构。最后,结合未来导弹天线罩材料的发展趋势,指出了立体织物在二氧化硅基复合材料方面的广泛应用前景和研究重点。     

三维织物复合材料在运动护具上的应用前景

以三维织物为基材的增强复合材料在航天、军事等领域发挥着重大作用,但是,它在体育运动领域的应用研究和发展相对滞后。从三维织物复合材料结构的合理性、织造技术的多样性和复合固化技术的先进性,说明三维织物复合材料具有力学性能优异、抗冲击性好、强度高和重量轻等特点,在织物结构和高性能纤维运用及织造制备方法上具有很大的优势;介绍三维织物复合材料在运动型护具、技击性运动护具和抗冲击性运动服装上的应用前景,新型运动护具在运动中能更好地保护运动员,随着三维织物复合材料在运动上的广泛应用,将会对体育运动的发展产生深远影响。     

3D woven green composites from textile waste: mechanical performance

Application of textile waste for development of value added green composites has been carried out in this work. Textile fabric waste is collected from various sources. These waste materials are garneted, so as to produce loose fibrous material, subsequently this fibrous material was converted into twisted strand for manufacturing of 3D woven preforms for production of composites. Twisted strands are converted into orthogonal 3D woven structure. The fibers extracted from waste material are combined with polypropylene in 60/40 proportion. Composites of various specifications are developed to examine their end-use applications. These composite materials are characterized for their mechanical behavior to find out the response against tensile loading, flexural stress, and impact force. The effects of moisture absorption on mechanical properties of composites are investigated. 3D woven fabric reinforced composites produced by using waste fiber yarn and normal cotton OE yarn do not exhibit any significant difference in the mechanical behavior of composite. This result confirmed that waste material can be safely used as reinforcing structure in green composite manufacturing.     

PVC 压延柔性复合材料应力松弛的力学模型

根据黏弹性材料力学模型的假设,选取线性黏弹性力学模型中四元件模型的等效模型和非线性黏弹性力学模型中的欧林模型,基于材料相同但增强织物组织结构不同的3 种试样进行的应力松弛试验,通过MatLab 软件计算,拟合出四元件模型的等效模型及欧林模型的方程参数,并采用MatLab 软件计算机画图显示实测点和拟合曲线,从而进一步比较、分析得出最适合压延类柔性复合材料松弛性能的力学模型,证明PVC 压延类柔性复合材料具有非线性黏弹性的力学特征,属于非线性黏弹性的范畴,且增强织物的组织结构对这一属性影响不明显。     

三维机织多孔复合材料的横向冲击性能

为了解纺织结构复合材料的动态力学行为,更好地设计并应用纺织结构复合材料,对三维多重纬经角联锁织物复合材料的动、静态力学性能进行了测试。运用分离式Hopkinson压杆装置测试了不同速度（应变率）及准静态状态时材料的力学性能。结果表明：三维多重纬经角联锁织物复合材料是应变率敏感材料;随着冲击速度的不断提高,材料所能承受的载荷及吸收的能量增大;材料破坏时前面表现为压缩破坏形式,背面为拉伸破坏形式。     

Investigation of mechanical behavior of woven/knitted hybrid composites

The objective of this research is to develop the woven/knitted hybrid composites for improved in plane as well as out of plane mechanical properties. Two different type of structures and two different materials were used in this study. Firstly, the woven and knitted fabrics were developed with glass and Kevlar yarn. Secondly, the laminated composite samples were fabricated with different stacking sequence of fabric plies. The epoxy resin was used as matrix. The cured samples were characterized for impact, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties. The behavior of composite materials was then analyzed with percentages of different fiber and fabric types. The samples with higher percentages of knitted reinforcement gave better impact strength but failed to provide better tensile properties. Moreover, the samples with higher percentages of woven structure and glass materials gives better modulus values.