Model of steady-state melt spinning at intermediate take-up speeds

A model of melt spinning has been developed for speeds above which the effects of gravity, inertia, and aerodynamic drag become significant. The model has as an upper bound the speed at which stress crystallization begins to occur on the spin line. For poly(ethylene terephthalate), these velocities are approximately 750 and 3500 meters/minute. The calculated temperature and velocity profiles are shown to agree with measured values. The stress at the freeze point is calculated and found to correlate well with the spun yarn birefringence which, in turn, is shown to predict uniquely the spun yarn physical properties on a “simple” spin line. The stress-optical coefficient derived from the calculated stress at the freeze point and measured birefringence agrees well with the literature.     

聚己内酯的熔体流动性能和挤出胀大

应用熔体流动速率仪,在温度为90～140℃和载荷为2.16～12.50 kg的条件下,考察了温度、表观剪切速率(γα)及管壁剪切应力((Τ)R)对聚己内酯(PCL)熔体流动性能和挤出胀大比(B)的影响.结果表明:在实验条件下,PCL熔体的剪切流动基本服从幂律定律.表观剪切黏度ηa与绝对温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程,ηa随着γa或ΤR的增加而非线性减小.B随着温度的升高而非线性降低,随着γa或(Τ)R的增加而非线性增大,达到最大值后B则下降.     

熔融纺丝法研究LDPE的拉伸流变性能

采用熔融纺丝法研究了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)熔体的拉伸流变性能。LDPE熔体强度随温度升高而下降;适当降低拉伸黏度可提高熔体的可拉伸性;随拉伸应变速率升高拉伸应力上升,而拉伸黏度下降;拉伸应力和拉伸黏度都随温度的升高呈下降趋势;提高挤出速率可得到较低的拉伸应力和拉伸黏度。     

Experimental investigations of the influence of molecular weight distribution on melt spinning and extrudate swell characteristics of polypropylene

An experimental study of the influence of molecular weight distribution on the melt spinning and extrudate swell of a series of polypropylenes of varying molecular weight and distribution is reported. Emphasis is given to effects of variations of molecular weight distribution. Narrowing the molecular distribution increases the slope of the elongational viscosity–elongation rate curve, stabilizes the spinline relative to both random disturbances and draw resonance, and decreases both instantaneous and delayed extrudate swell. These results are interpreted in terms of viscoelastic fluid mechanics and earlier experimental studies by the authors of the influence of molecular weight distribution on rheological properties. The influences of these rheological factors on spinline structure development is discussed.     

影响熔纺氨纶质量因素探讨

分析了熔纺氨纶生产中的主要影响因素。指出聚氨酯切片质量、交联剂的选择及配比、纺丝温度、侧吹风条件、熟成等因素与熔纺氨纶质量的关系,只有把这些因素控制好,才能生产出品质优良的熔纺氨纶。     

Correlation of the rheological parameters of a polycaproamide-polyethylene melt with jet expansion during spinning

Conclusions The contribution of the forces which cause a superadditive jet expansion to the force which is necessary for stretching a jet in the process of spinning from a polycaproamide-polyethylene melt has been evaluated.The correlation between the degree of jet expansion, as determined under viscometry conditions, and the degree of jet expansion in the spinning process has been established.The correlation between degrees of jet expansion is explained by the fact that, under spinning conditions, the role of a rather long capillary is played by the zone of convergent flow in the region of entrance into the spinneret hole channel.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 21–22, January–February, 1984.     

不同聚乳酸切片的流变性能比较及其对熔融纺丝性能的影响研究

利用毛细管流变仪对四种不同聚乳酸切片的流变行为进行了对比分析,并探讨了流变性能差异对熔融纺丝性能的影响。结果表明:四种聚乳酸熔体均呈现剪切变稀现象,具有非牛顿流体的流动特征;随着温度升高,聚乳酸熔体的非牛顿指数n增大;四种聚乳酸熔体的粘流活化能E_η较小,粘度随温度的变化小,有利于纺丝成型;四种聚乳酸熔体的结构粘度指数△η介于0.8~1.4,可纺性和稳定性较好。     

ABS/中空微珠复合材料挤出流动中的弹性行为

应用熔体流动速率测定仪考察了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物（ABS）／中空微珠复合材料的弹性行为。结果表明,在200℃,当剪切应力（τw）小于120kPa时,挤出胀大比（B）随着τw的增大而增大,但增幅减小;当τw大于120kPa时,B增幅增大。在200℃时,B随着剪切速率的增大而增大;随着温度的上升,B增大,两者较好地符合线性关系;在200℃时,B随着填料含量的增加而增大,两者呈较好的二次函数关系。     

改性PBT熔体流变性能及其对可纺性影响研究

利用毛细管流变对不同组成的改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)树脂进行了流变行为研究,探讨了流变性能差异对可纺性的影响。结果表明:不同组成的改性PBT熔体均呈现剪切变稀现象,具有非牛顿流体的流动特征;随着温度升高,改性PBT熔体的非牛顿指数n增大;改性PBT熔体的粘流活化能相对较小,对温度敏感度低,有利于纺丝成型;改性PBT熔体的结构黏度指数介于0.7～1.0,预期其可纺性和稳定性较好。     

Non-isothermal rheological response in melt spinning and idealized elongational flow

Almost all polymer processing operations involve moving and shaping the polymer as a melt and then cooling it, usually quite rapidly, to a solid state. In order to develop models for such processes we have begun systematic studies in non-isothermal rheology; here we interpret the results in the context of melt spinning. Theoretical predictions of stress vs distance from the spinneret were calculated from generalized (non-isothermal) viscoelastic theory and compared with Dees' melt spinning data on high density polyethylene. Despite certain experimental and theoretical difficulties, the agreement is good. Surprisingly, an additional theoretical curve, based on a simple Trouton viscosity, also gave a reasonable approximation over much of the distance, despite the transient nature of the flow. To understand this phenomenon further, a more tractable theoretical problem was studied in detail; the problem, of constant elongational flow (? = constant) in the presence of a constant rate of temperature change (dT/dt = constant). The results depend on two dimensionless groupings; the first is the usual product of a relaxation time and ?; the second involves the ratio of normalized dT/dt to ?. When the second group is large, a quasi-viscous state exists. The melt spinning data for the HDPE may be near this state.     

Extrudate swell of high density polyethylene. Part I: Aspects of molecular structure and rheological characterization methods

Two high density polyethylene (HDPE) resins–samples 801 and 802–both nominally the same material, as they are taken from successive batches of the same commercial grade, are characterized for their molecular structure and rheological properties. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) results must be interpreted in combination with rheological data to show the presence of somewhat more high molecular weight material in 802 that in 801. Small amplitude oscillatory shear, steady shear, and capillary shear measurements performed in different laboratories show consistently higher shear viscosity values at low shear rates for sample 802. Extensional viscosity measurements show similar results. The interpretation of rheological data in terms of molecular structure could be complicated by the possible presence of long chain branching (LCB). The zero shear viscosity and discrete relaxation spectrum is estimated for both samples. The small rheological difference between 801 and 802 forms the basic information for understanding their time dependent extrudate swell behavior, as will be described in Part II.     

Optothermal properties of fibers—20—relation between physical structure and mechanical properties of cold drawn polypropylene fibers

The structure of annealed polypropylene (PP) fibers is studied interferometrically using two-beam Pluta polarizing interference microscope connected to a device to study the draw ratio with birefringence changes dynamically. Relations of drawing changes with some optical and physical parameters are given. Evaluation of average work per chain, work per unit volume, reduction in entropy caused by elongation, and the work stored in the body as strain energy were determined. Also the resulting optical data were utilized to evaluate the orientation factor, the orientation angle, the virtual refractive index, and the number of molecules per unit volume. The value of (Δα/3α₀), which depends upon the molecular structure of the polymer, remains constant. Relations between the physical and optical parameters with different strains are given for these fibers. The generalized Lorentz–Lorenz equation given by de Vries is used to determine polypropylene fiber structural parameters. Comparison between Hermans optical orientation function formula and the corrected formula by de Vries are given. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 819–831, 1999     

Reinforcement of EPDM matrices with carbon and polyester fibers—mechanical and dynamic properties

This paper reports on the study of the mechanical and dynamic properties of composites with an EPDM matrix and short fiber, either polyester or carbon, at three different fiber concentrations. In general, the properties prove to be dependent on fiber concentrations and type, in particular on the final ratio fiber length/diameter. This ratio ranges for carbon fiber over 35–45 and for polyester over 135–175, thus placing the former near the lower limit of acceptability. Evidence is supplied of the existence of adhesion between the matrix and the fiber, in the form of measurements of the swelling and dynamic properties, especially through variation of relative damping and the displacement of the dynamic glass transition temperature towards higher ranges. Composites present a marked property anisotropy.     

Studies on fiber properties of sodium hydroxide-treated and grafted murga fibers—microscopical study

Murga fiber (purified) treated with sodium hydroxide shows crimp. Above 20% NaOH concn no further change in crystallinity is marked. Incorporation of AN onto fiber matrix through grafting has been carried out. The surface is characterized by a scanning electron microscope.     

纺丝用可熔性聚四氟乙烯的流变性能研究

采用毛细管流变仪,对PFA熔体的流变性能进行研究。讨论了温度、剪切速率对纺丝用PFA熔体的非牛顿指数、表观粘度、结构粘度指数等方面的影响。结果表明,PFA熔体非牛顿指数随温度上升而升高。在不同温度下,PFA熔体的粘度均随着剪切速率的增大而减小,表观粘流活化能随剪切速率增加而减小。PFA熔体的结构粘度指数Δη随熔体温度的增高而逐渐减小。     

Dynamic and steady-state rheological properties of linear-low-density polyethylene melt

Linear-low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is steadily gaining importance in a wide variety of applications due to its excellent performance characteristics in the final product. The rheological properties of LLDPE in the dynamic and steady state are of great pragmatic importance and these have been studied in the present work. A correlation between the dynamic and steady-state rheological properties has been attempted and good agreement has been found.