面粉袋设计将适应店内烘焙

超级市场要求专门设计面粉袋满足店内烘焙的需要,这一要求已被Robert L Fleming有限公司的技术员们发明的新设计所满足。 Robert Fleming称:由于目前的立法要求面粉包装从32公斤大包装袋改为小袋,超级市场     

包装促销与消费心理

商品销售包装随着市场竞争的需要逐渐发展成为集保护、介绍和广告宣传于一身的ＰＯＰ包装（焦点广告），肩负起“无声推销员”的现代使命。包装促销是通过对消费者进行心理激励而发挥作用的。销售包装对购买心理的影响人们常常通过眼睛获取外界的印象。随着超级市场和货仓...     

基于生态理念的简约化食品包装设计应用研究——以康米谷富硒大米包装为例

随着时代的发展和人们生活水平的提高，人们对包装设计的要求越来越高。以康米谷富硒大米包装为例，从包装内涵、设计需求等方面进行分析，阐述了生态理念下有机五谷杂粮包装设计的分析与定位，提出了生态理念下康米谷富硒大米包装的设计方案，以期对提高农产品附加值、增加农产品品牌影响力具有重要意义。     

试论包装设计与POP

一、包装设计与POP关系随着商品经济的快速发展,包装与市场的关系变得越来越紧密。一种商品进入市场,摆在大到超级市场、百货公司,小到杂货店的货架上,在同类、异类商品琳琅满目,竞争日益激烈的今天,如何在众多的商品中引起消费者的视觉注意,刺激消费者的购买欲,于是产生了POP。POP广告的意义在于强化了商品(这种商品当然包括内在物品及包装),在店面与柜台的展示。把先前单个零散的商     

dBOD,推动品牌前进

昨天 1980年1月1日,迪克·奥尔丁（Dick Ording）和查尔斯·杜波伊斯（Charles du Bois）在荷兰成立了dBOD公司,主要致力于包装设计。当时,也就是上个世纪80年代,伴随着超级市场重要性的日益增加,包装设计也日益重要起来。而dBOD从成立之初,就已开始为本地知名品牌做设计了,如Sara Lee公司的咖啡品牌Douwe Egberts、阿霍德集团（Ahold）的大型连锁超级市场A1bert Heijn。     

国外的肉类包装

目前，美国、德国、日本等先进的国家，能够做到所出售的商品基本上带包装。国外超级市场所售的食品一律带包装。美国的包装工业在食品加工中占有重要地位，日本更是这样。     

包装的陈列性与宜人性研究

运用人机学的有关原理，分析、研究零售店或超级市场上包装的陈列性问题，以期达到最佳的宜人性。     

德国定量包装的检定方法和特点

德国定量包装的检定方法和特点福州市计量所冯林一、德国定量包装检定的机构和法律依据在德国，超级市场上绝大部分商品是用定量包装的。如食品、饮料、药品、化装用品、化学用品，甚至工业用的螺钉、螺母也是定量包装。因此定量包装的检定具有重要意义：（１）保护消费者...     

食品无菌包装技术的发展概况

近年来,各种无菌包装的商品在世界各国的超级市场上十分流行。采用无菌包装的食品营养损失小,风味色泽基本不变,无需冷藏便可长期贮存,这些优点越来越受到广大厂家和消费者的喜爱,是未来食品包装发展的必然趋势。     

大米包装形式演变探析

随着时代的发展,大米不仅仅局限于农贸市场和百姓厨房之中,它也走上了超级市场和特产专卖店的高端货架,已成为商业礼品中重要的一员。产品市场定位不同,其包装形式也和以前大不相同。本文阐述了大米包装的发展演变历程,主要从包装形式、材料以及消费者心理等方面进行简要分析。     

Measurement of time-dependent strains of concrete

The present recommendation defines a method for measuring the time-dependent strain in hardened concrete specimens that are either load-free or are subjected to a uniform compressive force kept constant over a long period. It states the definitions of autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage, basic creep and drying creep, instantaneous strain at a given age, and recovery. It gives the specifications for testing and measuring devices and describes, in an appendix, three types of apparatus for creep tests. The present recommendation applies to the case of concretes containing light, normal, and heavy aggregates, when the maximum size of these aggregates does not exceed 50 mm. The draft of this document has been prepared by the members of Subcommittee 4: Standardized Test Methods for Creep and Shrinkage: Paul Acker (Chairman), Z.P. Bažant, J. C. Chern, C. Huet, F.H. Wittmann. Also consulted were: F. Alou, G. Fagerlund, T.C. Hansen, M. Mamillan, P. Schwesinger, F. Ulm. The text presented hereunder is a draft for general consideration. Comments should be sent to the TC Chairman, Prof. Zdeněk P. Bažant, Northwestern University, WP Murphy Professor of Civil Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, A131, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Fax: +1 847 467 1078, e-mail: z-bazant@nwu.edu before April 1, 1999. TC MEMBERSHIP:Chairman: Zdeněk P. Bažant, USA;Secretary: Bernard Espion, Belgium;Members: Paul Acker, France; Luis Agullo, Spain; Michel Auperin, France; Ignacio Carol, Spain; Domingo J. Carreira, USA; Jose M. R. Catarino, Portugal; Jenn-Chuan Chern, Taiwan; Mario A. Chiorino, Italy; John W. Dougill, UK; Christian Huet, Switzerland; Terje Kanstad, Norway; Jin-Keun Kim, Korea; Vladimir Kristek, Czech Republic; Harold S. Muller, Germany; Byung Hwan Oh, Korea; Josko Ozbolt, Germany; Stuart Reid, Australia; H. W. Reinhardt, Germany; Peter Schwesinger, Germany; Bretislav Teply, Czech Republic; Heinrich Trost, Germany; Tatsuya Tsubaki, Japan; R. F. Warner, Australia; Folker H. Wittmann, Switzerland; Yunping Xi, USA; J. F. Young, USA.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Strain Gauges By E. J. HEARN, Merroiv Publishing Co. Ltd., Watford, Herts., 1971, 74pages, price â¬1 *50.
Photoelasticity By E. J. HEARN, Merrow Publishing Co. Ltd., Warford, Herts., 1971, 70pages, price â¬1-50.
Structural systems - statics, dynamics and stability By M. F. RUBINSTEIN, Civil Engineering & Engineering
The applications of holography By H. J. CAULFIELD and S. Lu, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1970, 138 pages, price â¬4.75
The mechanical behaviour of materials under pressure Edited by H. L1. D. PuGH, Elsevier Publishing Co., London, 1970, 785 pages, â¬1640.
Elasticity for engineers By D. S. DUGDALE and C. Ruiz, McGraw-Hill, London, 1971, 318 pages, price â¬5-00.     

Bibliometric indicators of Indian research collaboration patterns: A correspondence analysis

International collaboration is becoming an increasingly significant issue in science. During the last few years, a large number of bibliometric studies of co-authorships have been reported. Mostly, these studies have concentrated on country-to-country collaboration, revealing general patterns of interaction. In this study we analyze international collaborative patterns as indicated in the Indian publications by tracking out multi author publications as given in Science Citation Index (SCI) database. Correspondence analysis is used for analysis and interpretation of the results. According to correspondence analysis of the data set, Physics, Chemistry, Clinical medicine are the first, second and third largest subjects having international collaboration. USA, Italy, Germany, France, England are the top five countries with which India is collaborating. The data set shows an association between Physics and Italy, Switzerland, Algeria, Finland, South Korea, Russia, Netherlands contrasting an association between Biology & Biochemistry, Immunology, Ecology & Environment, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary subjects and England, Japan, Canada. It also shows an association between Agriculture and Philippines, Canada, Denmark in contrast to an association between Chemistry and Malaysia, Germany, France. An association between Clinical medicine, Astrophysics and England, Sweden, USA, New Zealand in contrast to an association between Agriculture and Canada, Philippines, Denmark is shown. An association between Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science, Neuroscience and Singapore, Canada, USA in contrast to an association between Chemistry, Astrophysics and Malaysia, Spain is shown. This association of collaborating countries and disciplines almost tallies with the publication productivity of these countries in different disciplines.     

A New, 13C-Based Material for Neutron Targets

A ¹³C-based neutron-target material is investigated using x-ray diffraction, IR absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, and electrical (conductivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall effect) measurements before and after high-power electron irradiation for various lengths of time.__________Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 531–539.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Romanenko, Anikeeva, Gorbachev, Zhmurikov, Gubin, Logachev, Avilov, Tsybulya, Kryukova, Burgina, Tecchio.     

银基钎料在制造业中的研究进展

钎料的性能很大程度上决定了钎焊接头的质量和钎料的应用范畴.银基钎料作为一类非常重要的硬钎焊材料,其填缝能力优异,强度与黄铜、低碳钢接近,可钎焊除铝、镁合金等轻金属之外的所有金属材料.因此,银基钎料广泛应用于航空航天、超硬工具等制造领域,并且受到国内外钎焊界学者们的高度关注.然而,银基钎料的发展及应用过程中仍存在以下问题:第一,钎料中贵金属银含量偏高(一般高于45%),导致钎料使用成本高;第二,银基钎料挤压、轧制、拉拔等加工过程中不可避免地存在夹杂物,影响钎料的使用性能和连接质量;第三,有益金属或合金调控钎料及其连接性能的机制较为复杂,尚未完全研究清楚;第四,传统制备银基钎料的方法产能低下;第五,银基钎料在制造业领域的应用研究尚未见系统报道.国内外对于银基钎料钎焊性能及工程应用方面的研究主要集中于:(1)开发多种节银降银钎料,主要是有益元素调控银基钎料连接性能方面的研究;(2)改进钎料的传统加工方法,提出新的制造方法,如粉末电磁压制成形、钎焊过程中原位合成、快速凝固、镀覆扩散组合等;(3)研究杂质元素(C、Ca、S、Al、Fe、Bi、Pb、O、N 等)的影响;(4)银基钎料形态创新研究,如三明治复合钎料(中间为铜合金、两边为银钎料)、箔带钎料、镀锡银钎料等;(5)工程应用研究,银基钎料在航空航天、汽车制造、电力能源等工业领域起着不可替代的作用,但目前国内外仍缺乏系统阐述该方面研究的报道.因此,本文对近20年国内外有关银基钎料的研究报道进行了评述,重点讨论了合金元素对银基钎料性能的影响.首先对银基钎料研究现状进行详述,总结了Cu、Zn、Sn、Ga、In、Ni、Mn、Cd、Li、Ce、La、P、Si、Pr在银基钎料中的优缺点,归纳了杂质元素C、S、O、N、Ca、Al、Fe、Pb、Bi的恶化作用.其次对银基钎料在航空航天、汽车制造、电力能源、超硬工具、家用电器、眼镜行业等制造业中的应用研究进行详细介绍.最后提出银基钎料研究和应用中的不足,为银基钎料的深入系统研究及相关技术发展提供理论指导.     

Glucose monitoring system using nanopellets

The combination of the fields of software engineering, gadgets, and science has stood out among the most revolutionary future innovations. Health issues have been the focus of various engaging and explanatory studies. One such health‐related dilemma is diabetes. Diabetes at its serious stage results in impaired vision. Increase in the glucose level is a critical parameter that could result in hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, massive heart attack, strokes, and aneurysms. Monitoring the glucose level in blood is one of the control measures for diabetes in the affected population. A glucose monitoring framework interminably measures and screens the glucose level in blood. A novel framework for measuring the glucose level is proposed in this study. This study employs nanopellets that evaluate the glucose level. When the glucose level increases or decreases, it is continuously recorded and displayed using a microcontroller (mixed signal processor (MSP) 430). The data are then sent to the physician through global system for mobile communication. The typical blood glucose level of human being ranges from 70 to 110 mg/dl. When the insulin level builds up to certain point, hyperglycaemia occurs. When decreases, hypoglycaemia occurs. Hyperglycaemia leads to cataracts, oedema, hypertension, polyuria, and polydipsia. Hypoglycaemia causes perplexity, energy, insensateness, coma, and death.Inspec keywords: sugar, patient monitoring, nanomedicine, diseases, microcontrollers, blood, biomedical equipment, medical control systems, biomedical communicationOther keywords: mobile communication, coma, polydipsia, polyuria, hypertension, oedema, cataracts, insulin level, blood glucose level, microcontroller, glucose level monitoring system, aneurysms, strokes, hypoglycaemia, massive heart attack, hyperglycaemia, impaired vision, software engineering, nanopellets     

Determination of the major,minor, and trace element mass fractions in Iranian cement by INAA and WDXRF

The elemental composition of three different Iranian cement samples was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis with the aim of quality control. The mass fractions for 4 major (Ca, Si, Fe, Al) and the 21 minor and trace elements (Mg, V, Mn, Na, As, La, Sb, Sm, U, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Eu, Hf, Sc, Sr, Th, Zn, S, K) were determined. X-ray fluorescence analysis was also used. The results obtained by both methods for Na, Mg, Fe, Ca, and Al are in good agreement. On the whole, the Iranian cement quality is quite acceptable according to national and international standards.     

Retraction Statement: “High‐Volumetric Performance Aligned Nano‐Porous Microwave Exfoliated Graphite Oxide‐based Electrochemical Capacitors” and “Aligned Nano‐Porous Microwave Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Ionic Actuators with High Strain and Elastic Energy Density”

These articles first published on 15 August 2013 and 21 August 2013 on the Wiley Online Library have been retracted at the request of the Research Integrity Officer (RIO) of The Pennsylvania State University, in agreement with the corresponding authors, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, because portions of the reported results cannot be considered reliable or reproducible. Following an investigation by the RIO of The Pennsylvania State University, it was found that the data in Figure 2a,b and Figure S1a,b (Supporting Information) of the article with DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301243, and Figure S3 (Supporting Information) of the article with DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301370 were falsified. Data regarding the carbon electrode material, A‐aMEGO, reported to have a density of 1.15 g cm^?3, in the article with DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301243, were falsified. The RIO of The Pennsylvania State University confirms that the investigation found that the mentioned data were falsified by the first author. No findings of research misconduct were made against the co‐authors of these publications. [1] Ghaffari, M. , Zhou, Y. , Xu, H. , Lin, M. , Kim, T. Y. , Ruoff, R. S. , Zhang, Q. M. , Adv. Mater. 25 : 2013 , 4879 . doi: 10.1002/adma.201301243 [2] Ghaffari, M. , Kinsman, W. , Zhou, Y. , Murali, S. , Burlingame, Q. , Lin, M. , Ruoff, R. S. , Zhang, Q. M. , Adv. Mater. 25 : 2013 , 6277 . doi: 10.1002/adma.201301370     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Engineering Statistics by A. H. Bowker and G. J. Lieberman, Second Edition, 1972, Prentice-Hall Inc, New Jersey, 641 pages, price £7.50
Practical Photoelasticity (in German) bjj L. Foppl und E. Monch, Third Edition, 1972, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 300 pages, price about £6.     

Short form of creep and shrinkage prediction model B3 for structures of medium sensitivity

TC Membership: Chairman: Zdeněk P. Bažant, USA;Secretary: Bernard Espion, Belgium;Members: Paul Acker France; Michel Auperin, France; Ignacio Carol, Spain; Domingo Carreira, USA; José M. R. Catarino, Portugal; Jenn-Chuan Chern, Taiwan; Mario Chirino, Italy; John W. Dougill, UK; Christian Huet, Switzerland; Jan Erik Jonasson, Sweden; Jin-Keun Kim, Korea; Vladimir Kristek Czech Republic; Harald S. Muller, Germany; Byung-Hwan Oh, Korea; Josko Ozbolt, Germany; Stuart G. Ried, Australia; Hans Reinhardt, Germany; Peter Schwesinger, Germany; Bretislav Teply, Czech Republic; Heinrich Trost, Germany; Tatsuya Tsubaki, Japan; Robert F. Warner, Australia; Folker H. Wittmann, Switzerland; J. Francis Young, USA.