压铸ZL101A铝合金摩擦磨损性能及机理的研究

以汽车发动机缸体用的ZL101A铝合金作为研究对象,开展了在SiN、GCr15两种摩擦副条件下摩擦载荷对ZL101A铝合金磨损性能及磨损机理的研究.试验结果表明:ZL101A铝合金在SiN和GCr15两类摩擦副中,随着摩擦载荷由2N增加至4N时,平均摩擦系数和磨损量均先增加后降低;在不同摩擦载荷下,SiN摩擦副的试样摩擦磨损平均摩擦系数均低于GCr15摩擦副;摩擦磨损过程发生了剥层磨损、磨粒磨损、黏着磨损以及氧化磨损多种磨损机制,只是在不同的试验条件下磨损机制的作用程度不同;在SiN摩擦副中磨屑的黏着、碾压现象比GCr15摩擦副中更加明显,以至于SiN摩擦副中摩擦表明的氧化现象比GCr15摩擦副中更加明显.     

纳米填料增强UHMWPE–橡胶水润滑摩擦学性能

为了研究水润滑条件下试验载荷和速度对纳米填料（Nano-SiC）改性超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）/橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,通过高温混炼、热压成型制备Nano-SiC辅以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）填充改性UHMWPE/橡胶复合材料。采用MRH-3型环-块摩擦实验机探究四种不同载荷条件下改性复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和非接触光学三维轮廓仪对试样微观磨损表面形貌分析,从微观层面探究改性复合材料的摩擦机理。试验结果表明：在定载变速条件下,速度由0.02m/s升到3.59m/s时,改性复合材料的动摩擦系数波动幅度与静摩擦系数均呈现大幅下降趋势,粘-滑现象（Stick-Slip Phenomenon）减弱,摩擦系数波动归于平稳;试验载荷和纳米粒子含量的变化与试样摩擦磨损程度呈负相关,在水润滑条件下,随着纳米粒子含量增加,摩擦系数与磨损率均出现明显降低,填充比例为5%的复合材料摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数整体较UHMWPE/橡胶材料降低35%,磨损率降低46.6%,磨损表面形貌也随之发生改变;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的磨损率从1.25×10-6mm3/(Nm)降至0.4×10-6mm3/(Nm)。Nano-SiC的含量与工况载荷压力对摩擦磨损均存在一定影响,即填充适量Nano-SiC的UHMWPE/橡胶复合材料与一定工况压力下的对偶钢环组成的摩擦配副能改善摩擦环境,减轻粘-滑现象,有利于减小材料的磨损。     

摩擦副不同表面织构化的润滑减摩性能试验研究

为研究织构位于摩擦副不同表面时的润滑减摩性能,对无表面织构、上试件单表面织构、下试件单表面织构和双表面织构四种不同形式的摩擦副分别在富油和乏油两种润滑条件和50N,100N两种载荷下进行摩擦磨损试验,观察摩擦系数变化规律.试验结果表明:载荷越大,表面织构对摩擦系数的影响越显著;富油条件下,上、下试件单表面织构均能减小摩擦系数,而且上试件单表面织构更加有效;乏油条件下,下试件单表面织构减小而上试件单表面织构增大摩擦系数;双表面织构在不同的润滑条件下均不能减小摩擦系数.     

纳米填料增强UHMWPE–橡胶水润滑摩擦学性能

为了研究水润滑条件下试验载荷和速度对纳米碳化硅填料（Nano–SiC）改性超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）–橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,通过高温混炼、热压成型制备Nano–SiC辅以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）填充改性UHMWPE–橡胶复合材料;采用MRH–3型环–块摩擦试验机探究4种不同载荷条件下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和非接触光学3维轮廓仪对试样微观磨损表面形貌分析,从微观层面探究改性复合材料的摩擦机理。试验结果表明：在定载变速条件下,速度由0.005 m/s升到0.541 m/s时,改性复合材料的动、静摩擦系数均呈现大幅下降趋势,摩擦系数波动归于平稳,黏–滑现象逐渐减弱直至消失。试验载荷和纳米粒子含量的变化与试样摩擦磨损程度呈负相关：在水润滑条件下,随着纳米粒子含量增加,摩擦系数与磨损率均出现明显降低,填充比例5%的复合材料摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数整体较UHMWPE–橡胶材料降低35%,磨损率降低46.6%,磨损表面形貌也随之发生改变;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的磨损率从1.25×10~(–6) mm~3/(N·m)降至0.40×10~(–6) mm~3/(N·m)。Nano–SiC的含量与工况载荷压力对摩擦磨损均存在一定影响,即填充适量Nano–SiC的UHMWPE–橡胶复合材料能减轻黏–滑现象,与一定工况压力下的对偶钢环组成的摩擦配副能有效改善摩擦性能,有利于减小水润滑轴承的磨损,增强传动系统服役寿命。     

水润滑低摩擦系数陶瓷涂层摩擦副的研究

主要针对水润滑条件下低摩擦系数摩擦副--包括主动副和从动配副的材料和性能进行设计研究.研究了3种复合陶瓷涂层制备的主动副与3种摩擦性能良好的整体材料组配进行摩擦性能试验.通过销-盘磨损试验,测定各组摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损量;利用SEM等测试技术,观察和分析了磨痕的形貌,重点讨论了陶瓷涂层材料的组分设计及其显微结构,涂层与配副材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能.结果显示:在水润滑下所设计的3种陶瓷涂层所组成的摩擦副具有较低的摩擦系数,能够耐海水侵蚀以及抗微生物附着,是一种海水中使用的理想摩擦组件.     

指尖密封用炭-炭复合材料摩擦磨损性能

为确定指尖密封用炭-炭(炭纤维增强炭基体)复合材料的摩擦学性能,针对指尖密封的轻载使用条件,应用UMT-2摩擦磨损测试仪进行炭-炭复合材料摩擦磨损性能试验,测量摩擦系数与磨损率,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析材料的摩擦磨损机理.结果表明,无纬布层垂直于摩擦平面时,材料的摩擦系数和磨损率较低.载荷增加,较高密度材料的磨损率增加缓慢,摩擦系数减小.与载荷相比,材料磨损率受频率的影响较小,且随频率升高摩擦磨损性能越好.磨损表面的SEM分析表明:低频、低载条件下材料发生磨粒磨损;频率的提高加快磨屑膜的成形,自润滑能力增强;载荷的增加虽使磨屑快速被挤压形成磨屑膜,但磨屑膜被不断挤出剥落,纤维裸露断裂产生严重磨损,这一点在材料密度较低时表现更为显著.选用较高密度的材料以及布置无纬布层垂直于摩擦平面可以有效缓解密封材料的磨损.     

C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为研究

利用HIT-1型球盘式摩擦磨损试验台,以C/C复合材料与GCr15钢为配副进行摩擦磨损实验。研究了C/C复合材料的摩擦系数与时间、载荷和速度的关系,分析了工况环境对摩擦系数的影响,获得了磨损量与载荷和速度的相关关系。结果表明:C/C复合材料的摩擦系数在摩擦磨损初期减小,随后在较小区间内平稳波动;摩擦系数在不同载荷条件下随速度变化趋势不同,当载荷为8 N时摩擦特性随速度变化最稳定,速度为0.576 m/s时摩擦特性随载荷变化最稳定;不同试验环境中摩擦性能呈现规律不同;C/C复合材料摩擦磨损过程中磨损率随速度缓慢增大,随载荷缓慢增大。     

灰铸铁与Al_2O_3副的摩擦磨损研究

本文在Ｍ－２００环－块磨损试验机上研究了工程陶瓷Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３与灰铸铁配副在空气、蒸馏水、乳化液和油润滑条件下摩擦磨损特性，并与０．８％Ｃ钢（Ｔ８）做比较，探讨铸铁中石墨对磨损行为的影响．结果表明：随着空气、蒸馏水、乳化液和油这一润滑顺序，Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷和铸铁副的摩擦系数和磨损量都逐渐降低，但下降幅度逐渐减小．在空气和蒸馏水润滑下，铸铁中石墨能起固体润滑剂作用，而在乳化液和油润滑下，石墨不能发挥其固体润滑剂作用．     

灰铸铁与Al2O3副的摩擦磨损研究

本文在Ｍ－２００环－块磨损试验机上研究工程陶瓷Ａｌ２Ｏ３与灰铸铁配制在空气，蒸馏水，乳化液和油润滑条件下摩擦磨损特性，并与０．８Ｃ钢（Ｔ８）做比较，探讨铸铁中石墨对磨损行为的影响，结果表明，随着空气，蒸馏水，乳化液和油这一润滑顺序，Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷和铸铁副的摩擦系数和磨损理都逐渐降低，但下降幅度逐渐减小，在空气和蒸馏水润滑下，铸铁中石墨能起固体润滑剂作用，而在乳化液和油润滑下，石墨不能发挥其固体润滑     

聚四氟乙烯、聚醚醚酮和热固性树脂材料的摩擦磨损性能及差异性研究

选取了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和热固性树脂3种常用于制备水润滑轴承的材料,测试了它们在不同载荷、不同转速和不同润滑状况下的摩擦磨损性能.研究结果表明,同种材料在不同润滑状况下的摩擦系数波动幅度有明显差别.在转速逐渐升高的条件下,热固性树脂材料和聚四氟乙烯材料的摩擦性能有一定提高,而聚醚醚酮材料的摩擦性能变化不大.PTFE材料在干摩擦状态下的磨损方式主要为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,而在水润滑状态下的疲劳磨损程度加剧.     

Tribological properties of CrN coating deposited on 20CrMo against tin bronze

A CrN coating was deposited on the piston pin material 20CrMo. The tribological properties of 20CrMo and CrN coating against tin bronze QSn7-0.2 were compared by pin-on-disk tests under dry friction and oil lubrication, respectively. The cross-sectional morphologies and structures of the coating were characterized through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The hardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion strength of the coating were tested through nano-hardness and scratch tests. The wear tracks were tested with an optical profilometer, and wear volume was calculated. Under dry friction conditions, the CrN coating exhibited a significantly stable friction coefficient and a relatively lower wear rate against QSn7-0.2 at various temperatures compared with 20CrMo. The wear rate decreased by 98.5% at 700°C. Under poly-alpha-olefine lubrication, the CrN coating reduced the load effect on the friction coefficient. Under engine oil 5 W40 lubrication, the CrN coating improved the tribological properties under high speed and heavy load conditions. Simultaneously, the CrN coating changed the friction and heat flow with increasing temperature.     

GCr15球-盘点接触摩擦副的滑滚摩擦磨损特性研究

选用GCr15钢盘和GCr15球作为摩擦副,在NGY‐6纳米润滑膜测量仪上开展球‐盘点接触摩擦副在润滑状态下的滑滚摩擦磨损实验,研究不同接触应力、钢球转速、滑滚比等参数对摩擦副的摩擦因数、磨损形貌的影响规律．结果表明：当接触应力和钢球转速一定时,摩擦因数随着滑滚比的增大而逐渐增加后达到稳定状态;当滑滚比一定时,摩擦因数随接触应力的增大而逐渐增大;当钢球转速低于300 r／min时,摩擦因数随着钢球转速的增大而减小;当钢球转速高于300 r／min、接触应力大于0．84 GPa时,摩擦因数随着钢球转速的增大而呈增大趋势．Stribeck曲线表明：当滑滚比为0．01时,摩擦副处于流体动压润滑状态;当滑滚比为0．03时,润滑状态随Sommerfield参数的增加而从边界润滑过渡到混合润滑;当滑滚比分别为0．05、0．1、0．3、0．5时,润滑状态为边界润滑．滑滚比较小时,磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主,随着滑滚比的增大,磨损机制转变为磨粒磨损．     

Establishment of wear model and life prediction of drum of hot rolling coiler

For the drum of hot rolling coiler is prone to be easily destroyed, the type of MMU-5G abrasion tester was applied to revealing the friction and wear behavior. The morphology observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrates the wear mechanism of the drum, and the test data of the influence coefficient of the normal pressure, relative sliding speed and surface lubrication conditions acted on the linear rate of the wear could be obtained by the regression method. A calculation model, which considers the factors of the structure of the drum, coiling tension and coiling strip specifications, was established by the combination method to predict the wear life of the drum. Then the practical production data was applied into this model and the analysis result was in good accordance with that of actual production.     

水环境下二硫化钼/聚四氟乙烯复合材料与石英玻璃的超润滑摩擦学特性

采用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机,对比研究了几种填充PTFE复合材料与石英玻璃对磨时,在水润滑、低速、较高载荷条件下的摩擦学特性。结果表明:在水润滑条件下,MoS2/PTFE复合材料与石英玻璃对磨时的摩擦系数可低于0.005,表现出超润滑摩擦特性,而且具有稳定的摩擦系数和很低的磨损率。石英玻璃所具有的优良表面特性和优异的亲水性是实现超润滑的关键。当添加高硬添料时,石英玻璃表面容易受到破坏,导致摩擦学性能下降。     

45钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的试验分析

减少机械运动副的摩擦磨损是提高机械产品的机械效率和机械寿命主要途径。文章在梯姆肯摩擦磨损试验机上对45钢在机械油润滑下的摩擦磨损性能进行了试验研究,得到了其摩擦磨损性能与载荷、滑动速度、硬度及硬度差等之间的相互关系以及P*(极限载荷)与V*(极限滑动速度)之间的相互关系,为机械运动副的参数选择、结构设计及其制造提供了必要的理论依据。     

Comparison of Biotribology of Swine Compact Bone Against UHMWPE

A pin-on-disk tribometer was used, in a comparative test to observe the tribological behavior of the swine femoral bone against UHMWPE with dry friction, physiological water and human plasma lubrication. The wear mechanisms of swine bones and UHMWPE were investigated by SEM. The experimental results of these wear tests demonstrated that both the friction coefficient and wear rate of UHMWPE were the lowest when human plasma lubrication was used. The wear mechanism of the compact bone was mainly fatigue wear with dry friction, corrosive wear under physiological water lubrication and abrasive wear with human plasma lubrication. For UHMWPE, the wear mechanism was adhesive wear and plastic deformation with dry friction, serious ploughing and fatigue fracture wear under physiological water lubrication, fine ploughing and plastic deformation with human plasma lubrication. An analysis of nitrogen elements on the wear surface of UHMWPE indicated that the content of nitrogen in worn areas was 16 times higher than that in unworn areas, which proved that serum protein deposition occurred on worn areas.     

Friction properties of OTS SAMs and silicon surface under water lubrication

The friction and wear properties of silicon surface covered with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were investigated by a UMT-2 microtribometer with and without water as lubricant, and then compared with that of bare silicon surface. Dry friction measurement results show that OTS SAMs have a very low friction coefficient compared to bare silicon surface under lower sliding velocity and normal contact load. However, heavy wear occurs on OTS SAMs under higher contact stress and sliding velocity. Under water lubrication, OTS SAMs can prevent wear obviously and meanwhile present low coefficient of friction even under high velocities. The improved frictional and anti-wear property on OTS SAMs surface is attributed to the hydrophobic property of OTS and hydrodynamic effect of water. Furthermore, a wear critical phase diagram for OTS SAMs with and without water was proposed, which indicates that OTS SAMs working under water lubrication owns a wider range of available load and velocity to reduce friction and prevent wear. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50575123, 50275071, 50545035) and National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (No. 2003CB716205)     

Tribological behavior of MC Nylon6 composites filled with glass fiber and fly ash

To improve tribological property of MC Nylon6,the glass fiber and fly ash reinforced monomer casting nylon composites(GFFAPA)were prepared by anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam.The friction and wear behaviors of composites under dry condition,water lubrication and oil lubrication were investigated through a ring-black wear tester.Worn surfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope.The experimental results show that the tensile strength and hardness of nylon composites are obviously improved with reinforcement increasing.Compared to MC nylon,the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate of glass fiber reinforced nylon composites(GFPA)with GF30% respectively decrease by 33.1% and 65.3%,of fly ash reinforced nylon composites(FAPA)with FA20% decrease by 5.2% and 68.9% and of GFFAPA composites with GF30% and FA10% decrease by 57.8% and 89.9%.The main wear mechanisms of FAPA composites are adhesive and abrasive wear and of GFPA composites with high proportion are abrasive and fatigue wear.The worn surfaces of GFFAPA composites are much multiplex and the optional distributing glass fiber and fly ash have a synergetic effect on the wear resistance for GFFAPA composites.Compared with dry friction,the friction coefficient and wear rate under oil lubricated conditions decrease sharply while the latter reversely increase under water lubricated conditions.The wear mechanisms under water lubricated condition are principally chemical corrosion wear and abrasive wear and they become boundary friction under oil lubricated condition.     

固体润滑块及其减摩性能的研究

研究了钢轨和轮箍间的减摩材料--固体合成润滑块及其减摩性能.试验结果表明固体合成润滑块与32#轴油相比较,具有摩擦系数小、磨损率低、磨损量小、磨痕深度浅、粗糙度低、磨粒尺寸小等优点,而且强度高、极限负荷大,是延长钢轨和轮箍寿命,提高机械效率,节约能源的一种良好润滑材料.