基于改进BM3D算法的椒盐噪声去噪

在处理由椒盐噪声污染的高对比度图像时,使用传统的三维块匹配算法（Block-Matching and 3D filtering,BM3D）去噪不能有效保留图像的边缘和纹理细节,在图像的边缘会出现边缘振铃效应。为了改善传统BM3D算法在处理椒盐噪声时的不足,提出了用边缘方向代替水平方向搜索相似块的BM3D改进去噪算法。实验结果表明,改进BM3D算法获得的相似块数量是传统BM3D算法的3倍,峰值信噪比（PSNR）也得到进一步提高,在去除椒盐噪声的同时也使图像边缘得到有效保留。     

基于结构聚类的图像去噪

为了克服传统BM3D去噪算法的不足,根据图像局部结构相似性提出了基于结构聚类的图像去噪算法。首先根据均值进行粗聚类构成块群;其次利用鲁棒数据归一化构造结构相似子群;最后对子群进行去噪,如果子群容量大于1,运用BM3D对该子群进行去噪处理,反之,运用基于阈值的DCT去噪算法对该块进行去噪。实验结果表明,该算法保护了图像的结构信息,相对于传统BM3D算法提高了图像的视觉效果。     

一种新的全变分块匹配声呐图像降噪算法研究

乘性斑点噪声广泛存在于声呐图像中,严重影响图像质量,该噪声服从瑞利分布 特性。为此,结合基于全变分算法与三维块匹配图像降噪算法(BM3D)设计思路,提出了一种新 的全变分块匹配声纳图像降噪算法。首先对含噪声呐图像利用 2-范数进行块匹配分组;其次由 于声呐图像模糊、纹理细节信息较少等特点,用全变分算法对分组后的图像块进行滤波降噪; 最后对滤波后的图像块进行加权聚类得到降噪后图像。经过实验结果显示,该算法相对于经典 的 Lee 滤波、Frost 滤波、BM3D 和全变分算法有更好的降噪效果。     

模糊域内基于Retinex的雾霾图像增强算法

现有Retinex图像增强算法在使用过程中往往会产生轻微的光晕现象,在图像清晰度、细节、保真性、适用范围等方面存在诸多不足,在模糊域内,提出的基于Retinex的雾霾图像增强算法可有效克服此类不足。首先利用自适应多阈值算法对图像进行分块,并确定分块区域的最佳渡越点;然后采用线性隶属度函数将图像像素值变换为模糊域,通过渡越点计算提出的模糊双曲正切函数的关联参数,对图像的各个分块区域应用Retinex算法进行非线性图像增强,同时对增强结果进行模糊双曲正切调整;最后采用线性加权和线性逆变换的方法恢复原图像。通过对大量图像的对比实验发现:传统处理方法产生的光晕现象得到了抑制,图像清晰度、细节、保真性以及对比度等处理效果改善明显,算法适用范围更广。     

改进双边滤波和阈值函数的图像增强算法

针对基于单尺度Retinex算法产生的图像泛灰现象和光晕现象、基于双边滤波Retinex算法的泛灰现象及噪声放大现象。提出基于小波变换的改进双边滤波的Retinex图像增强算法和改进阈值函数去噪算法。该方法对图像进行小波分解,获得图像的低频和高频系数;采用改进双边滤波的Retinex算法对图像低频系数进行处理,采用改进阈值函数对高频系数进行处理;采用离散小波反变换得到增强后的重构图像;对重构图像进行分段性线性变换,增强图像对比度。实验结果表明,该方法避免了图像泛灰和光晕现象,并有效去除了噪声,细节丰富,对比度强,为图像后续处理奠定基础。     

改进的多尺度Retinex红外图像增强算法

针对传统多尺度Retinex增强算法处理后的红外图像对比度较低、视觉效果不够理想的缺点,提出了一种改进的多尺度Retinex红外图像增强算法.将传统Retinex增强算法中的指数还原用灰度线性拉伸代替,对拉伸后的图像进行自适应对比度增强处理,从而提高了图像的对比度,改善了图像的视觉效果,同时,根据图像处理的需要,可以调整图像对比度的大小.通过与几种典型的图像增强算法实验结果进行比较,该算法图像增强的效果更好,图像视觉效果更佳.     

结合视觉显著性的图像去噪优化算法

图像在采样、处理、传输及存储过程中受到噪声干扰,导致图像的视觉信息衰退,而人眼对图像中不同区域噪声的敏感程度不同,因此提出了结合视觉显著性的图像去噪优化算法。首先利用视觉显著性对噪声图像进行预处理,得到噪声图像中人眼感兴趣的区域;然后运用对图像纹理保护较好的BM3D算法对该区域进行去噪处理,对非感兴趣的区域采用运算速度较快的算术均值滤波算法实现去噪处理。结果表明,该方法不仅可以获得较高的主观图像质量评价,而且在客观上相比于单纯地使用BM3D算法去噪,运算时间明显缩短。     

基于非下采样Shearlet变换与模糊对比度的合成孔径雷达图像增强

针对合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像在成像和传输过程中引入噪声和干扰从而导致图像清晰度下降、细节丢失等问题,提出了一种非下采样Shearlet变换（NSST）与模糊对比度的SAR图像增强算法。首先,原始图像经NSST分解成一个低频分量和若干个高频分量;然后对低频分量进行线性增强以提高整体对比度,对高频分量采用阈值法进行增强以去除图像中的噪声;接着对处理后的两部分分量进行NSST反变换得到重构图像;最后采用模糊对比度算法对重构图像进行增强,提高图像细节信息和层次感,得到增强后的图像。对40幅图像的实验结果表明,与直方图均衡化、多尺度Retinex增强算法、基于Shearlet变换和多尺度Retinex的遥感图像增强算法、基于剪切波域改进Gamma校正的医学图像增强算法相比,该算法的图像峰值信噪比至少提升了22.9%,均方根误差至少降低了36.2%,能明显提升图像的清晰度,使图像的纹理信息更加清晰。     

基于形状自适应PCA的三维块匹配图像去噪

三维块匹配法中3-D变换真实信号的稀疏表达能力较弱,针对该问题,提出一种关于图像去噪的三维块匹配(BM3D)改进算法。采用形状自适应的图像块(邻域)代替BM3D算法中的平方窗图像块,对3-D变换处理的形状自适应图像块进行PCA变换。实验结果证明,该算法能够有效去除图像的高斯噪声,提高图像的峰值性噪比和结构相似度,且在保持图像的边缘等细节信息方面性能较好,图像视觉效果有明显改善。     

车载红外夜视图像的小波-遗传图像增强算法

针对传统红外图像增强算法在视觉效果上不够理想的问题,提出了一种适用于车载红外夜视图像的图像增强方法。该方法利用红外夜视仪的非接触生成热图像的原理,建立了针对车载红外夜视图像的小波-遗传灰度图像增强方法,并将该方法与传统的直方图均衡化法和多尺度Retinex算法进行了对比。在红外夜视图像增强效果方面,该方法具有改善图像亮度均匀性、避免图像过分增强和抑制噪声的特点。实验表明,所提出的小波-遗传图像增强算法在车载红外夜视图像增强方面的处理效果较好。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.