基于图像纹理特征的虚假数字水印*

提出了一种基于图像分割和小波变换的数字水印算法。该算法根据载体图像所分割区域内的纹理特征,运用模糊控制决定嵌入的系数,并利用小波变换嵌入水印变换后的信息,最后提取并检测水印信息。实验结果表明这个算法取得了良好的效果。     

小波变换用于基于图像内容的自适应数字水印算法

为了提高在频率域嵌入水印抵抗攻击的能力,该文提出一种基于DWT的CBWM自适应数字水印嵌入算法,该算法依据离散小波变换域的水印嵌入策略:水印应当首先嵌入小波图像的低频系数中,若有剩余,再按小波图像频带重要性的排序,嵌入高频带中,并且水印嵌入到图像的低频系数和高频系数中时,需采用不同的嵌入强度;将水印嵌入到图像三级小波分解变换域的低频空间(LL3)的特征向量中,并且水印与特征向量两者正交。并且,其中水印的嵌入过程是自适应的,即先将小波系数组织成小波块,再依据纹理强弱对小波块分类,然后根据分类结果,将不同强度的水印分量嵌入到特征向量的不同分量中。此外,该算法对静止图像的水印检测是通过Neymann-Pearson决策准则来实现的。实验结果证明,该算法对滤波、噪声、几何变换、图像压缩、以及x-y方向修剪、StirMark攻击等都具有很好的抵抗能力;对裁剪和图像旋转也具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于Arnold置乱和小波包分解的自适应水印算法

针对小波变换的不足,根据原始图像各子块对水印信息的适应程度不同,提出一种基于Arnold置乱和小波包分解的自适应水印算法。首先,该算法采用Arnold变换对水印图像进行预处理,然后对原始图像进行小波包分解,小波包分解能够提供一种更为精细的分解方法,将频带进行了多层次的划分,最后将水印图像嵌入到小波包分解后的子带中,水印的嵌入强度和嵌入位置均根据原始图像的内容自适应地决定,这样很好地解决了水印鲁棒性和不可见性之间的矛盾。仿真实验结果表明,算法对常见的图像攻击具有较强的鲁棒性和稳健性。     

基于小波包变换的图像数字水印算法

提出一种基于小波包变换和人类视觉特性的自适应盲水印算法。该算法选择原始图像小波包变换的中频子带进行嵌入,提高了水印的容量和不可见性;采用双极性量化方法嵌入水印,根据嵌入强度自适应地确定量化步长,提取时无需使用原始图像。实验证明该算法对常见的图像处理攻击具有良好的鲁棒性,同时也很好地保证了水印的不可见性。     

基于图像纹理复杂度的小波域数字水印算法

针对水印信息嵌入量小、鲁棒性弱、遮蔽性差的问题,提出一种基于图像纹理复杂度的小波域人类视觉系统的水印算法。该算法将载体图像进行分块,计算每块的图像熵,并根据图像熵对载体图像的纹理特征区域进行分类,不同纹理特征水印的嵌入量不同。利用Logistic映射对水印信号进行置乱变换,将水印信号嵌入到二层离散小波变换的低频系数中,并利用小波域人类视觉模型控制水印的嵌入强度。在提取水印时,通过水印误码率和峰值信噪比评价水印质量。实验结果表明,该算法能抵抗噪声干扰、裁剪和密钥攻击,水印图像具有较强的鲁棒性和良好的遮蔽性。     

提升小波变换及其在数字水印中的应用

提出了一种基于提升小波变换的数字水印嵌入方案.提升算法是一种新的双正交小波构造方法,这种方法大大地降低了计算的复杂度,可有效地减少运行时间.详细地说明了提升算法的原理及实现步骤,并结合这种算法介绍了它在数字水印中的应用.     

基于DWT的数字图像水印算法研究

研究了一种基于小波变换(DWT)的自适应图像水印算法。该算法引入了基于噪声可见函数(NVF)的感知模型来描述图像的局部特征,并根据此模型决定水印信息的嵌入深度。水印嵌入过程是:首先对载体图像进行小波分解并选择中频部分做为水印的嵌入区域;然后通过计算中频部分的噪声可见函数决定嵌入因子;最后通过小波反变换得到嵌入水印的图像。实验证明,该算法对具有不同特性的灰度图像的自适应性较强,且对常见的攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。     

小波变换域图像水印嵌入对策和算法

稳健性是图像隐形水印最基本的要求之一.嵌入对策、嵌入公式、嵌入强度都影响水印的稳健性.提出了一个基于离散小波变换(DWT)的新的隐形水印嵌入对策.根据小波图像系数的分布特点和对小波系数振幅的定性、定量分析,水印应当首先嵌入小波图像低频系数,若有剩余,再按小波图像频带重要性的排序嵌入高频带.同时指出,水印嵌入到小波图像低频系数和高频系数需要用不同的嵌入公式.应用该嵌入对策,提出了一种把视觉系统掩蔽特性结合到水印编码过程中的自适应水印算法:将小波系数组织成小波块,采用一种新的方法将小波块分类,并根据分类的结果     

基于信息互补的小波域图像水印算法

提出了一种基于信息互补的小波域图像水印算法，该算法结合人类视觉系统特性在图像小波域的两个子频带中以互逆的顺序分别嵌入水印信息。水印提取时通过阈值判别选取两个小波子频带的水印信息进行互补。实验结果表明，该算法对常见的信号处理具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于小波变换的双水印算法

结合数字水印空间域和频域算法的特点,本文提出一种在图像小波变换域嵌入双水印的算法。在图像变换域低频分量嵌入识别水印,高频分量嵌入确认水印,图像版权所有者拥有单一密钥。试验结果表明,该水印算法具有良好的不可见性和稳健性,能够有效地保护图像版权。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.