基于FPGA的数字频率计设计

该文运用VHDL硬件描述语言进行数字频率计设计,频率计主要通过闸门控制电路产生计数周期为1s,清零周期为0.5s,2s为一个周期的测量信号频率。并通过计数器记录频率值,最后通过数码显示电路显示被测信号频率值。该文设计一个6位频率计,可以测量1~999999Hz的信号频率。     

基于CPLD和单片机的数字频率计硬件电路设计

采用CPLD芯片和单片机相结合方法实现对正弦波和方波信号的频率测量。硬件设计方面通过施密特触发器进行信号整形,再利用CPLD进行频率计数,然后将计得的数据传输到单片机中进行处理,最后用LCD1602液晶显示器显示结果。该文试图探讨基于CPLD和单片机的数字频率计的硬件电路设计。     

基于单片机的8位频率计设计

在电子技术中,频率是最基本的参数之一,而且与许多电参量的测量方案、测量结果都有十分密切的关系,因此频率的测量就显得更为重要。为了实现智能化的计数测频,实现一个宽领域、高精度的频率计,一种有效的方法是将单片机用于频率计的设计当中。本课题介绍以51单片机作为核心器件,另外还包括信号输入、时钟提供、数据显示的功能模块的数字频率计的设计方法。频率计的硬件电路是用Proteus软件绘制而成,软件部分的单片机控制程序,是用汇编语言编写而成。由于本设计采用了模块化的设计方法,提高了测量频率的范围。     

基于FPGA的等精度频率计单片系统设计

文章首先叙述了等精度频率测量法的原理,并进行误差分析,然后用Verilog HDL语言编程设计出频率计的核心模块,结合8051单片机IP核实现了等精度频率计单片系统,并在DE2开发板上对系统进行验证。该频率计的测量范围为0.1Hz～100MHz,测量全域相对误差恒为百万分之一,实际使用证明本设计具有良好的可靠性,可用于实验室或其他频率测量项目。     

基于STC12C5A60S2的高频高精度频率计的设计

基于传统测频原理的频率计的测量精度随被测信号频率的变化而变化。针对这一缺陷,提出了一种基于等精度测量原理的频率计设计方案。选用单时钟/机器周期的单片机STC12C5A60S2,其克服了普通8051单片机测频上限频率低的缺陷,从而满足了对高频信号进行测频的要求。该频率计具有电路结构简单、成本低和测频精度高等特点,适合测量高频小信号。     

应用于硅微机械谐振式传感器的频率计

针对硅微谐振式传感器频率测量中精度低的弊端,依据周期测频法原理,设计了一种基于FPGA的测频周期自调整频率计。首先在一个待测信号周期内,对标准信号的上升沿进行计数,粗略计算出待测信号频率和周期。据此对标准信号的上升沿重新计数,从而精确测量出待测信号的频率。测量后的频率信号经过RS-232串行通信接口送入PC上位机,可以实现频率数值的实时显示和储存。测试表明：采用该频率计测量1 Hz~2 MHz方波信号的相对误差可以达到10-7量级。利用该频率计测量谐振式传感器闭环自激测量电路输出的谐振频率信号,频率信号稳定在1 Hz以内。     

基于FPGA的数字频率计的设计与实现

介绍了一种运用FPGA开发软件QuartusⅡ设计的数字频率计。该数字频率计的1Hz～1MHz输入被测脉冲信号具有频率测量、周期测量、脉宽测量和占空比测量等多种用途，其测试结果由3只七段数码管稳定显示，测试量程可自动切换，测量误差小于等于0．1％。     

基于单片机的等精度频率计设计

本文采用单片机AT89C52作为系统控制单元,辅以适当的软、硬件资源完成以单片机为核心的等精度频率计设计。通过单片机对同步门的控制,使被测信号和标准信号在闸门时间内同步测量,为了提高精度,将传统的测频功能转为测周期,采用多周期同步测量技术,实现了等精度测量。等精度频率测量方法消除了量化误差,可以在整个测试频段内保持高精度不变,其精度不会因被测信号频率的高低而发生变化。     

基于单片机的数字频率计的设计

伴随着社会的高速发展,高频信号在电子信息中的地位日趋突出,对高频信号频率、周期等的测量更为重要,一款能测量高频的数字频率计更具有广大的市场需求。传统的数字频率计测量精度不高,运行速度慢,且外围硬件电路复杂,更不适用于高频信号的测量。本设计的特点是,以单片机为控制核心,且通过分频实现对高频率信号的精确测量。     

多功能频率计

一、总体方案设计1.计数法测量周期原理此多功能电子频率计能测量信号周期Tx,频率是周期的倒数,通过计算可间接测得待测信号的频率fx。具体原理如下:设输入信号为正弦波fx,波形如图1所示。fx经整形后得fu,fu经M分频后得     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。