基于原始对偶方法求解网络流量监测集算法

考虑网络节点的流守恒特性,网络流量的有效监测问题可抽象为求给定图G(V,E)的最小弱顶点覆盖集的问题和基于流划分的最小弱顶点覆盖集的问题,这是NP难的问题.首先分析了弱顶点覆盖集的约束关系,并给出了问题的整数规划形式.然后利用原始对偶方法构造了求解最小弱顶点覆盖集的近似算法,并分析了算法的比界为2.进一步分析了求解基于最大流划分的最小弱顶点覆盖集的近似算法.     

网络流量的有效测量方法分析

把网络流量的有效测量问题抽象为求给定图G=(V,E)的最小弱顶点覆盖集的问题.给出了一个求最小弱顶点覆盖集的近似算法,并证明了该算法具有比界2(lnd+1),其中d是图G中顶点的最大度.指出了该算法的时间复杂性为O(|V|²).     

基于混合优化算法的网络流量有效测量点选择

提出一种基于禁忌搜索和蚁群算法的求解最小弱顶点覆盖问题的混合优化算法,用于解决网络流量有效测量点的选择问题。仿真结果表明,比较现有算法,本算法能够找到更小的弱顶点覆盖集,且具有更好的可扩展性和实用性。     

化学反应优化算法求解最小顶点覆盖问题

给出了基于化学反应优化算法(CRO)求解最小顶点覆盖问题的一个新方法.首先根据最小顶点覆盖问题的无向图邻接矩阵,设计了参与化学化反应优化算法的分子编码和适应度函数;同时针对最小顶点覆盖问题的特性创造性地设计了化学反应优化算法中分子操作的四个重要算子;最后通过模拟化学反应中分子势能趋于稳定的过程,在问题的解空间中搜索其最优解.实验结果表明,通过与遗传算法(GA)、蚁群优化算法(ACO)等比较分析,所提的新方法对于求解无向图的最小顶点覆盖问题是有效的,并且与一般遗传算法相比在求解速度等方面有明显的改善.     

基于蜂窝结构的传感器网络覆盖问题求解算法

在无线传感器网络中,求解能够完全覆盖目标区域的最小覆盖集是个NP难问题.在传感器节点数目较多时,目前只能通过近似算法求解.蜂窝结构是覆盖二维平面的最佳拓扑结构,但不能直接用于求解无线传感器网络的覆盖问题.提出了一种基于蜂窝结构的覆盖问题求解算法,在该算法迭代求解过程的每一阶段,选出一个节点加入到初始为空的节点集合中,并使得该节点集合的拓扑结构接近于蜂窝结构,直至该节点集合成为覆盖集.该算法在最坏情况下的时间复杂度为O(n3),这里n为传感器节点总数.实验结果表明该算法可在很短的时间内执行完,在所得覆盖集的大小方面要优于现有的覆盖问题求解算法.     

无线传感器网络最小覆盖集的贪婪近似算法

网络生命期是限制无线传感器网络发展的一个瓶颈.在保证网络监控性能的前提下,仅调度部分节点工作而让其余节点处于低功耗的休眠状态,可以有效节省能耗,延长网络生命期.节点调度的目标是寻找一个能够覆盖监控区域的最小节点集合,这是一个NP难问题,目前,其近似算法的性能较低.提出了一种基于贪婪法的最小覆盖集近似算法,在构造覆盖集的过程中,优先选择扩展面积最大的有效节点加入覆盖集.理论分析表明,该算法能够构造出较好的覆盖集,时间复杂度为O(n),其中,n为初始节点总数.实验数据表明,该算法的性能要优于现有算法,得到的覆盖集的平均大小比现有算法减小了14.2%左右,且执行时间要短于现有算法.当初始节点分布较密时,该算法得到的平均覆盖度小于1.75,近似比小于1.45.     

一种混合化学反应优化算法求解最小顶点覆盖问题

最小顶点覆盖问题是组合最优化问题,在实际应用中有较广泛的应用,是一个NP难问题。论文针对最小顶点覆盖问题给出了一种混合化学反应优化求解算法。首先根据无向图的邻接矩阵表示法,设计了参与化学化反应的分子编码和目标函数;同时把贪心算法思想创造性地融入到化学反应优化算法的四个重要反应算子中,以加快局部较优解的搜索过程;最后通过模拟化学反应中分子势能趋于稳定的过程,在问题的解空间中搜索其最优解。模拟实验结果表明,该算法对于求解无向图的最小顶点覆盖问题是有效的,并且在求解效率等方面有一定的改善。     

最小顶点覆盖快速降阶算法

通过定义判别函数来判别顶点覆盖作用的优劣,得出一个把顶点加入到最小顶点覆盖集的一般化规则,并得出该规则在多种具体情况下的应用定理,在此基础上给出了一个快速降阶算法,该算法能确定某些顶点应该在最小顶点覆盖中,某些顶点不应该在最小顶点覆盖中,达到降低原问题的规模和求解难度的目的.该算法既可以单独使用,又可以与算法结合来达到更好的结果,文中还给出了应用实例及其分析.     

一个求无向图所有极大独立集的算法

图的极大独立集在计算机视觉、计算机网络、编码理论和资源配置等领域有着广泛的应用.本文利用图的分解方法给出了一个求简单无向图所有极大独立集的递归公式.定义了图的邻接矩阵的两个变换和点集合的一些运算.在此基础上,利用二分树给出了一个求无向图的所有极大独立集的有效算法.算法的时间复杂度是O(mn),其中m,n分别是图的所有极大独立集数和顶点个数.算法只需对网络的邻接矩阵进行处理,在计算机上实现起来非常方便.最后,通过实例验证了算法的有效性.     

无线传感器网络最小连通覆盖集问题求解算法

降低能耗以延长网络生存时间是无线传感器网络设计中的一个重要挑战.在传感器节点高密度部署的环境中,在保证网络性能的前提下,仅将最少量的节点投入活跃工作状态,而将其余节点投入低功耗的睡眠状态,是一种节约系统能量的有效方法.如何计算同时满足"覆盖要求"(工作节点必须能够完全覆盖目标区域)和"连通性要求"(工作节点组成的通信网络必须是连通的)的最小节点集合,是一个NP难问题.设计了一种基于目标区域Voronoi划分的集中式近似算法(centralized Voronoi tessellation,简称CVT),用于计算完全覆盖目标区域所需要的近似最小节点集.当节点通信半径大于等于2倍感知半径时,CVT算法构造的节点集是连通的;当节点通信半径小于2倍感知半径时,设计了一种基于最小生成树(minimum spanning tree,简称MST)的连通算法来计算确保CVT算法构造的覆盖集连通所需的辅助节点.理论分析和实验数据表明,CVT(+MST)算法的性能在时间复杂性和连通覆盖集大小方面都优于已有的贪婪算法.     

Approximation algorithm for weighted weak vertex cover

The problem of efficiently monitoring the network flow is regarded as the problem to find out the minimum weighted weak vertex cover set for a given graph G = (V, E). In this paper, we give an approximation algorithm to solve it, which has the approximation ratio ln d 1, where d is the maximum degree of the vertex in graph G, and improve the previous work.     

一种增量式约简方法求解最小顶点覆盖问题

最小顶点覆盖问题是一个应用很广泛的NP难题,针对该问题给出一种增量式属性约简方法。首先将最小顶点覆盖问题转化为一个决策表的最小属性约简问题;利用增量式属性约简思想,随着图中边数的增多,提出一种更新最小顶点覆盖的增量式属性约简算法;该算法时间复杂度低于计算整个图的最小顶点覆盖的时间复杂度,同时针对大规模图问题,可随着边的增加动态更新最小顶点覆盖,因此降低了属性约简的方法求解最小顶点覆盖问题的运行时间;实验结果表明该算法的可行性和有效性。     

A population-based iterated greedy algorithm for the minimum weight vertex cover problem

Given an undirected, vertex-weighted graph, the goal of the minimum weight vertex cover problem is to find a subset of the vertices of the graph such that the subset is a vertex cover and the sum of the weights of its vertices is minimal. This problem is known to be NP-hard and no efficient algorithm is known to solve it to optimality. Therefore, most existing techniques are based on heuristics for providing approximate solutions in a reasonable computation time.Population-based search approaches have shown to be effective for solving a multitude of combinatorial optimization problems. Their advantage can be identified as their ability to find areas of the space containing high quality solutions. This paper proposes a simple and efficient population-based iterated greedy algorithm for tackling the minimum weight vertex cover problem. At each iteration, a population of solutions is established and refined using a fast randomized iterated greedy heuristic based on successive phases of destruction and reconstruction. An extensive experimental evaluation on a commonly used set of benchmark instances shows that our algorithm outperforms current state-of-the-art approaches.     

The complexity for partitioning graphs by monochromatic trees,cycles and paths

Let G be an edge-coloured graph. We show in this paper that it is NP-hard to find the minimum number of vertex disjoint monochromatic trees which cover the vertices of the graph G. We also show that there is no constant factor approximation algorithm for the problem unless P?=?NP. The same results hold for the problem of finding the minimum number of vertex disjoint monochromatic cycles (paths, respectively) which cover the vertices of the graph.     

Analysis of the $(1+1)$-EA for Finding Approximate Solutions to Vertex Cover Problems

Vertex cover is one of the best known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Experimental work has claimed that evolutionary algorithms (EAs) perform fairly well for the problem and can compete with problem-specific ones. A theoretical analysis that explains these empirical results is presented concerning the random local search algorithm and the (1+1)-EA. Since it is not expected that an algorithm can solve the vertex cover problem in polynomial time, a worst case approximation analysis is carried out for the two considered algorithms and comparisons with the best known problem-specific ones are presented. By studying instance classes of the problem, general results are derived. Although arbitrarily bad approximation ratios of the (1+1)-EA can be proved for a bipartite instance class, the same algorithm can quickly find the minimum cover of the graph when a restart strategy is used. Instance classes where multiple runs cannot considerably improve the performance of the (1+1)-EA are considered and the characteristics of the graphs that make the optimization task hard for the algorithm are investigated and highlighted. An instance class is designed to prove that the (1+1)-EA cannot guarantee better solutions than the state-of-the-art algorithm for vertex cover if worst cases are considered. In particular, a lower bound for the worst case approximation ratio, slightly less than two, is proved. Nevertheless, there are subclasses of the vertex cover problem for which the (1+1)-EA is efficient. It is proved that if the vertex degree is at most two, then the algorithm can solve the problem in polynomial time.     

Optimizing join queries in distributed databases

A reduced cover set of the set of full reducer semijoin programs for an acyclic query graph for a distributed database system is given. An algorithm is presented that determines the minimum cost full reducer program. The computational complexity of finding the optimal full reducer for a single relation is of the same order as that of finding the optimal full reducer for all relations. The optimization algorithm is able to handle query graphs where more than one attribute is common between the relations. A method for determining the optimum profitable semijoin program is presented. A low-cost algorithm which determines a near-optimal profitable semijoin program is outlined. This is done by converting a semijoin program into a partial order graph. This graph also allows one to maximize the concurrent processing of the semijoins. It is shown that the minimum response time is given by the largest cost path of the partial order graph. This reducibility is used as a post optimizer for the SSD-1 query optimization algorithm. It is shown that the least upper bound on the length of any profitable semijoin program is N(N-1) for a query graph of N nodes     

一种求解平面图的最小顶点覆盖算法

最小顶点覆盖问题是图论中经典的组合优化问题,在实际生活中有着广泛的应用价值。根据最小顶点覆盖与最大独立集在图论中事实上是属于等价问题这一特性,从最大独立集的角度出发,根据最大独立集的特性,设计了一种求解简单平面图的最大独立集算法,从而求出最小顶点覆盖。通过实验结果的比对验证算法的正确性和有效性。