Boiling of tricots made of a blend of cotton and modified Nitron fibre

Boiling of a blended knit containing cotton and modified Nitron fibre was investigated. It was found that the capillarity of the blended samples with a different ratio of components is a function of the physical structure of the material.     

Stretching diagram of Nitron fibre

Conclusions A method for calculated prediction of the stretching diagrams of Nitron yarn within the range of two decimal orders of magnitude in rate of deformation within a total deformation range of 1–6% has been set forth.For the indicated calculations, viscoelastic characteristics obtained by a rapid method may be used with allowance for the residual component of deformation.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 43–44, March–April, 1990.     

Deep‐colour vat dyeing of cotton knit fabric on a modified jet dyeing machine

To improve the vat dyeing of cotton knit fabric with Indanthren Black RB Coll. (CI Vat Black 9), the basic parameters of dyeing, including the concentrations of chemicals, the dyeing temperature and duration, and the apparent diffusion coefficient of the dye, were obtained by test dyeing with a stoppered Erlenmeyer flask and the cellophane film roll method. A stable vat dyeing process has been developed on a modified jet dyeing machine for the first time without using nitrogen to purge oxygen. Modifications were made to improve the airtightness of the machine and the equipment in the liquor circulating system, with a water inlet and outlet for the gentle oxidation of dyed fabric, and with monitoring by means of a sensor inserted in the liquor circulating system for in situ measurements of the redox potential and the pH of the dyeing liquors. These measurements made it possible to follow to their completion the process of dyeing and the process of gentle oxidation by overflow washing with water and final oxidation. Optimal conditions with regard to the amount of reducing agent, the dyeing temperature (80 °C), and oxidising processes were established with this machine. It was found that, by using the modified machine and process conditions, dyeing proceeded stably and reproducibly (at 80 °C) to yield grade A dyed fabric. Visual inspection confirmed that faultless deep‐colour dyeing of the fabric was attained. Production has been proceeding successfully for the past 2 years. Owing to its insolubility, complete removal of the dye from the wastewater has been possible.     

Preparation of an electrically-conducting yarn based on a mixture of metallized Nitron fibre and Lavsan

Conclusion Laws governing the change in electrical resistance and physicomechanical properties of yarn based on electrically conducting Nitron fibre and Lavsan fibre have been discovered as a function of the ratio of the components in the mixture, the linear density, and the twist coefficient.It has been shown that the change in tenacity at break of the electrically conducting yarn as a function of composition of the mixture does not obey the usual relationships, but has a linear character.Basic equations have been determined which describe the change in yarn properties and permit one to prepare material with assigned characteristics.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 19–21, March–April, 1989.     

Dyeing properties of novel electrolyte‐free reactive dyes on cotton fibre

A series of electrolyte‐free reactive dyes containing two quaternary ammonium salt groups as soluble moieties and one epoxy structure as the reactive group have been synthesised. The structures of the synthesised dyes were confirmed by Fourier Transform–infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis, and their dyeing properties on cotton were studied using an electrolyte‐free dyeing process. The results indicate that electrolyte‐free reactive dyes with these structures give a high exhaustion rate, a high fixation rate and good build‐up properties on cotton. Fastness properties were, in general, also very good. The optimal dyeing process of these electrolyte‐free dyes for cotton fibre was 60 °C with 20 g/l sodium carbonate.     

Dyeing characteristics of a Tencel alloy fibre

The exceptional characteristics of Tencel have been modified by incorporating poly(ethylene terephthalate) during solvent spinning, giving the novel Tencel alloy. The present work involved studying the dyeing characteristics of Tencel and Tencel alloy using a range of multifunctional reactive dyes. The fibrillation properties of the fibres was also investigated. Scanning electron microscope studies were carried out to observe the degree of fibrillation of these fibres after wet treatment. Optical microscopy was also carried out to confirm the absence of ring dyeing in fibres dyed using the padding technique.     

Hygienic evaluation of Nitron fibre finished with long-chain quaternary ammonium stearates

Conclusions The possibility of given antistatic and antimicrobial properties and an increased moisture conductivity to Nitron fibre by a double-bath finishing with long-chain quaternary ammonium stearates has been investigated.The indicated properties are retained after 10 washings.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 41–43, January–February, 1989.     

混合纤维制品的性能与应用

介绍了多晶氧化铝纤维与高铝纤维按不同配比制备的混合纤维制品的性能及其在几种加热炉上的应用，以及施工中锚固材料的选择与性能。     

Antimicrobial characteristics of N-halaminated chitosan salt/cotton knit composites

Chlorinated chitosan salt/cotton knit composites were prepared, and their water absorbencies, physical and antimicrobial properties, and rechargeabilities were investigated. The water absorbencies of the composites dissolved in acetic acid were higher than in hydrochloric acid. The tensile stress and strain of the composites decreased with increasing citric acid content. The active-chlorine contents of the composites increased with both increasing chlorination time and increasing concentration of the chlorination solution. Antimicrobial tests indicated that the composites had high antimicrobial activity: they completely eliminated Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. After rechlorination, the active-chlorine content of the composite was slightly higher than that after the initial chlorination, which indicates that the chitosan salt/cotton knit composites are highly rechargeable.     

Influence of Eri silk fibre on the physical characteristics and dyeing properties of Eri silk/cotton blended yarn

Different blending ratios of Eri silk and cotton fibres were prepared. The optimum bleaching condition chosen for the blends containing 0–25% silk content was the oxidative bleaching method, whereas the blends at 50–100% should be bleached using the two‐stage bleaching method (oxidative bleaching followed by reductive bleaching). These conditions did affect the force–displacement characteristics of the fibres with no yield point. X‐Ray diffraction results showed that the percentage of crystallinity of the cotton yarn tended to increase after bleaching, whereas the percentage of crystallinity of the Eri yarn decreased marginally. Dyeing properties of the blended yarns were investigated using warm‐dyeing reactive dyes. Percentage exhaustion and the colour yield of the blends tended to decrease with the increasing silk content. Shade variation was observed on the yarns at different blend ratios. This was expected to be caused by the different physical nature of Eri silk and cotton fibres. Consequently, the dye uptake and visual shade of each dye on the two fibres were different.     

Configuration of a tricot loop from blended yarn containing nitron fibre

Calculation equations are proposed for predicting the geometric parameters of ordinary sunken loop tricot, including the flexural rigidity and friction coefficient of the yarn. The concentration of nitron in the half-wool yarn has no effect on its flexural rigidity and friction coefficient. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 36–40, January–February, 1997.     

Dyeing of cotton and jute with tea as a natural dye

Cotton and jute fabrics were dyed with an aqueous extract of tea, containing tannins as the main colorant species. The dyeing was carried out with and without metal salts as mordants, using three different dyeing methods: pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting and post-mordanting. The resulting wash and light fastnesses of the dyed fabrics were good to excellent. The colour of the fabrics was investigated on computer colour matching system in terms of K/S , and CIELAB colour-difference values. Deep shades ( K/S = 3.9) were obtained for jute in acidic media, while cotton fabrics could be dyed in medium depths ( K/S = 2.0) under identical conditions of dyeing.     

Dyeing of cationised cotton with acid dyes

The production of cationised cotton fabrics, via Sandene 8425, 1, 1-dimethyl-3-hydroxy azetidinium chloride and 1, 1-diethyl-3-hydroxy azetidinium chloride, greatly enhances the exhaustion and fixation of acid dyes. This paper shows that these dyes can be used in the absence of salt in a neutral medium. Wash fastness, light fastness and other properties were studied.     

Dyeing properties of net‐modified cotton fabric with triazine derivative containing the multireactive and multicationic groups

Cotton fabric was modified with a 1,3,5‐triazine derivative containing the multireactive and multicationic groups, 2,4,6‐tri[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethyl‐ammonium)propyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine chloride (Tri‐HTAC). Compared with unmodified cellulose, the net‐modified cotton cellulose has different dyeing properties. The modified cotton was dyed with reactive dyes without the addition of salt. The color yield was higher than that on unmodified cotton, despite the addition of large amounts of salt in the latter case. After dyeing, compared with unmodified cellulose with reactive dyes, the reflectance spectrums of modified cotton did not change. The modified cotton got better wash fastness than the unmodified cotton. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4388–4392, 2006     

Mechanical properties of polymer composites reinforced with knit fabrics made of high-strength aramid fibres

The possibility of manufacturing knitted fabrics with different properties for reinforcing polymer composites was demonstrated. In making composite materials based on knits, structurally balanced weaves of the 1 + 1 rib and Milan rib type are preferred, since traditional methods of wet heat treatment are unacceptable for knits made of aramid fibres, and for this reason preventing twisting of the fabric is extremely important. The studies showed that the mechanical properties of knit polymer composites are a function of the structure of the knit fabrics to a significant degree and can vary significantly within a wide range. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 45-47, January-February, 2009.