虚拟现实技术及其在军事领域中的应用

虚拟现实技术是现代仿真技术的一个重要发展方向。是由计算机产生,通过视、听、触觉等作用,使用户产生身临其境感觉的交互式视景仿真,具有多感知性、存在感、交互性和自主性等特征。文章介绍了虚拟现实技术的内涵、特征、分类及关键技术,总结了虚拟现实技术在军事中的应用现状。     

虚拟现实技术的应用对产品设计主要环节的影响

本文对虚拟现实技术进行简要的介绍,分析了虚拟现实技术的应用对产品设计的主要环节,即概念设计阶段、设计表现手段以及设计方案评估等环节所产生的各种影响,并最终阐述了虚拟现实技术必将导入产品设计乃至工业设计的必然趋势。     

虚拟现实技术在建筑行业的重要意义

虚拟现实技术是由计算机产生,通过视、听、触觉等作用,使用户产生身临其境感觉的交互式视景仿真,具有多感知性、存在感、交互性和自主性等特征。文章介绍虚拟现实技术的在建筑行业中的应用及特点,阐述了其在建筑行业中的发展前景。     

虚拟现实技术及其在建筑漫游中的应用

在建筑展示中研究并运用先进的虚拟现实技术,可以更好地满足建筑物展示的网络化、三维形象化、交互等功能要求,使人产生身临其境的感觉：本文介绍了虚拟现实技术的应用现状及国内外发展情况,重点分析了VRML、OpengL、MultiGen Creator、Vega、Java和3DSMax等不同软件在建筑漫游中的应用,指出了虚拟现实技术在建筑漫游中存在的问题和今后的发展趋势,阐述了虚拟现实技术在建筑漫游中重要的现实意义。     

虚拟现实技术概述

“虚拟现实”就是一种可以创建和体验虚拟世界的计算机系统。这种系统生成的各种虚拟环境,作用于用户的视觉、听觉、触觉,使用户产生身临其境的感觉,沉浸其中。而所谓虚拟世界则是虚拟环境或给定仿真对象的集合虚拟现实是近年发展起来的一项新技术,目前已广泛地应用于许多领域。该文阐述了虚拟现实技术的产生、概念、特征及其意义、虚拟现实技术的技术组成和艺术、情感魅力,分析了虚拟现实技术的研究内容、方向和技术瓶颈。     

X3D虚拟现实动画设计

虚拟现实动画设计是利用X3D虚拟现实技术在本地计算机和计算机网络中实现的一种三维立体动画设计效果,可以开发虚拟现实三维立体游戏动画场景。利用虚拟现实语言X3D中各种基本几何节点、复杂以及动态感知节点等进行三维立体造型和游戏动画场景设计,使浏览者亲身感受虚拟现实技术的无穷魅力,在虚拟现实游戏场景环境中直接感受与虚拟世界的动态交互感,产生身临其境的游戏真实感受。     

虚拟现实中三维显示技术探究

虚拟现实技术通过构建真实感人物模型,并且实现了用户与模型之间的交互功能,产生类似于现实世界中的交互反馈信息,从而帮助人们获得真实感。为了提高虚拟现实交互系统的真实感、自然,三维显示技术显得尤为重要。虚拟现实技术融合了人机交互、三维图像处理、网络技术,在军事仿真、游戏动画等领域有着广泛的应用,其中三维现实技术是关键所在,文中对此进行了深入的研究和探讨。     

浅谈虚拟现实技术在煤矿中的应用

1．虚拟现实技术的概念 虚拟现实（Virtual Reality,简称VR,又译作灵境、幻真）是近年来出现的高新技术,也称灵境技术或人工环境。虚拟现实是利用电脑模拟产生一个三维空间的虚拟世界．提供使用者关于视觉、听觉、触觉等感官的模拟,让使用者如同身临其境一般,可以及时、没有限制地观察三度空间内的事物。     

基于虚拟现实技术的应急推演沙盘系统的设计和实现

应急模拟演习是为了测试对突发性事件的应急能力和素质。在应急模拟推演中运用先进的虚拟现实技术,可以更好地满足推演的数字化、三维立体化、交互等功能要求,使人产生身临其境的感觉。本文采用Torque 3D为虚拟现实工具,设计并研发了一款应急推演沙盘系统。该系统充分发挥虚拟现实技术的3D、互动等特性,可以实现应急推演过程的场景编辑、事件接报、分析研判、决策标绘、演练执行和总结等功能。本文为虚拟现实技术应用到应急模拟演习方面的研究提供了一新途径。     

基于V-Learning的教育虚拟现实系统开发初探

近年来,虚拟现实技术(VR)的发展和广泛应用促使远程教育理念和技术产生深度变革,基于虚拟现实与可视化技术的教育-V-Learning成为当前研究的主题,本文介绍虚拟现实技术及其在教育方面的应用,研究分析基于虚拟现实系统制作技术,最后,就基于Unity3d的虚拟现实制作流程进行探究.     

Remote sensing of soil salinity: potentials and constraints

Soil salinity caused by natural or human-induced processes is a major environmental hazard. The global extent of primary salt-affected soils is about 955 M ha, while secondary salinization affects some 77 M ha, with 58% of these in irrigated areas. Nearly 20% of all irrigated land is salt-affected, and this proportion tends to increase in spite of considerable efforts dedicated to land reclamation. This requires careful monitoring of the soil salinity status and variation to curb degradation trends, and secure sustainable land use and management. Multitemporal optical and microwave remote sensing can significantly contribute to detecting temporal changes of salt-related surface features. Airborne geophysics and ground-based electromagnetic induction meters, combined with ground data, have shown potential for mapping depth of salinity occurrence. This paper reviews various sensors (e.g. aerial photographs, satellite- and airborne multispectral sensors, microwave sensors, video imagery, airborne geophysics, hyperspectral sensors, and electromagnetic induction meters) and approaches used for remote identification and mapping of salt-affected areas. Constraints on the use of remote sensing data for mapping salt-affected areas are shown related to the spectral behaviour of salt types, spatial distribution of salts on the terrain surface, temporal changes on salinity, interference of vegetation, and spectral confusions with other terrain surfaces.As raw remote sensing data need substantial transformation for proper feature recognition and mapping, techniques such as spectral unmixing, maximum likelihood classification, fuzzy classification, band ratioing, principal components analysis, and correlation equations are discussed. Lastly, the paper presents modelling of temporal and spatial changes of salinity using combined approaches that incorporate different data fusion and data integration techniques.     

EPISTEMIC PERSPECTIVE—ACT—PARADIGM

The paper is conceived as an introductory part of a larger unit. An ontology is proposed, based on three fundamental concepts: epistemic perspective, act, and paradigm (in T. Kuhn's sense of this term). Therefore, the point of departure is Kuhn's philosophy of science and some kind of ontology involved. The common denominator of considerations presented in this paper may be called a systems approach or systems spirit. In the author's view, the “doctrinal choice,” which appears in general systems theory, arguing either that general systems, as they are, really exist (Bertalanffy, Boulding, Rapoport, Mesarovic), or that only isomorphic systemic objects exist really (Laszlo, Bunge, Sadovsky), may be avoided. This doctrinal choice is a counterpart of the ancient problem of universals in philosophy (i.e. nominalism vs. essentialism). The problem of existence, one of the fundamental questions in philosophy, was reduced (or rather replaced) by the problem of point of view (epistemic perspective), or—strictly speaking—question, if epistemic perspective may be considered as an entity having autonomic ontological status, i.e. independent of the knowing subject. The concept of “act” was borrowed from phenomenology, as it appears in writings of E. Husserl (“Ideas I”) and some of his philosophical descendants (e.g. M. Merleau-Ponty, and R. Ingarden).     

群智能新研究:角色?匹配的狼群劳动分工

启发于生物狼群群体的劳动分工行为,本文提出一种新颖的角色?匹配狼群劳动分工方法。通过剖析自然狼群的生物学行为,概括提炼出狼群劳动分工行为的个体任务的专职化、个体角色可塑性和任务分配均衡性3个典型特征,并建立了生物狼群劳动分工行为与普适性任务分配问题之间的仿生映射关系;从狼群“个体?个体”+“个体?环境”的交互方式角度出发,分析了角色?匹配的狼群劳动分工的个体角色转换和任务调整机制,研究了狼群角色?匹配的柔性劳动分工机制,提出了一种新的群智能方法,即角色?匹配的狼群劳动分工方法;将狼群的角色?匹配劳动分工与蚁群的刺激?响应劳动分工和蜂群的激发?抑制劳动分工进行了比较分析,并展示出角色?匹配狼群劳动分工方法的应用前景。     

Survival analysis of a neotropical rainforest using multitemporal satellite imagery

We present results of an analysis of deforestation at a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, the Parque National Yasuní, located in the rainforests of eastern Ecuador using multitemporal Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imagery. Using survival analysis, we assessed both current and future trends in deforestation rates, and investigated the impact of spatial, cultural, and economic factors on deforestation. These factors included the distance from roads, rivers, research facilities, oil facilities, markets and towns, and land ownership by colonists, native inhabitants, and an oil company. We found the annual rate of deforestation is currently only 0.11%, but that this rate is increasing with time and, assuming that the trend of increasing rate of forest loss continues, we would predict that by 2063, 50% of the forest within 2 km of an oil access road will be lost to unhindered colonization and anthropogenic conversion. The Quechua colonists are associated with areas of the highest rate of deforestation, followed by the native Huaorani and the lowest region of deforestation was in areas occupied by a local oil company. By far, the strongest predictor of where deforestation is predicted to occur was proximity to the road. Proximity to research sites, oil facilities, market, and rivers significantly decreases deforestation rates, and proximity to towns significantly increases deforestation rates.     

SMOTE过采样及其改进算法研究综述

近年来不平衡分类问题受到广泛关注。SMOTE过采样通过添加生成的少数类样本改变不平衡数据集的数据分布,是改善不平衡数据分类模型性能的流行方法之一。本文首先阐述了SMOTE的原理、算法以及存在的问题,针对SMOTE存在的问题,分别介绍了其4种扩展方法和3种应用的相关研究,最后分析了SMOTE应用于大数据、流数据、少量标签数据以及其他类型数据的现有研究和面临的问题,旨在为SMOTE的研究和应用提供有价值的借鉴和参考。     

THE THEORY OF RADIALLY EVOLVING ENERGY

Evolution is a function of energy itself, and all energetic systems, including societies, evolve within the bounds of thermodynamic laws. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, joined with ecological energetic analysis, will reveal a strong analogy between chemical, biological, social and ecosystem evolution

In the context of energy and evolution, recent self-organization theories are reviewed, synthesized and extended by the Theory of Radially Evolving Energy (TREE). Radial evolution, describing the increasing concentration of energy density in successively emerging systems, is dimensionally distinct from, yet consistent with, Darwinian theory

Human acceleration of a natural feedback between energy consumption and technology threatens the health of our populations and those of other species. This feedback, formation of intergovernmental systems, mortality of social systems, and loss of individual human freedom to governmental control are predicted by the theory of radial evolution. To understand the adaptive compromises that lie ahead, we must learn the natural parameters that drive and bound society's growth.     

并行模糊测试综述

软件脆弱性已成为互联网安全的主要威胁来源,软件脆弱性分析技术的重要性日益突出。模糊测试是脆弱性分析的热点技术之一,通过持续生成测试用例、动态监控目标代码执行和反馈调节变异策略的方法尝试触发程序异常,具有部署便捷、适用性广和效果直观的优点。随着测试目标的复杂性增加,从业人员对模糊测试的效率提出了更高的要求。并行模糊测试通过并行执行、任务分解和共享信息等方法提高脆弱性分析的效率。首先,分析了基于覆盖反馈的模糊测试面临的主要挑战;之后,探讨了并行模糊测试的解决思路和方案,从系统结构、任务划分、语料库共享和崩溃去重等方面对并行模糊测试进行了综述;最后,总结了现有并行模糊测试的优缺点,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。