“当前现有的全球化”所造成的危害

The ‘really existing globalization‘, which is used to refer to the type of globalization we see today, is viewed by the author to pose great dangers to life in cities by increasing poverty and gap between the rich and the poor,handicapping developing cities through specialization of functions, advocating marketization of housing and privatization of public services which are harmful to the urban poor, prioritizing profit instead of quality in environmental management and magnifying the danger of terrorism to cities. However, this is not the only form of globalization possible.     

城市集水区管理和污染控制

The evolution of human civilization and urbanization has been centered around catchment (watershed, river basins) areas. As evident from the archaeological ruins of the earlier civilizations, the decision makers and planners recognized the importance of catchment areas as the physical planning units for urban development.However, in the post-industrial era, the practice of catchment management has often been ignored. With the increasing industrialization and transport network, the pace of urbanization has gained momentum. The cities,which were earlier created for specific functions and carrying capacities, are increasingly expected to meet the demands of multiple economic activities and growing population. The run-away growth in urbanization without commensurate backup infrastructure for civic amenities has taken its toll through increasing pollution.Pollution and associated problems are, to a great extent, attributable to lack of environmental considerations in planning and management of urban systems. The urban centres are confronted with various kinds of pollution,the nature and extent of which depend on the sources of pollution as well as physiographic conditions such as watershed and airshed. The present proper focuses on water pollution, which has a direct bearing on the urban catchment management. This article gives an introduction to urban catchment management and pollution control.     

泰国城市社区发展基金

In Thailand, the project of harnessing community resources for urban poverty reduction focuses on how the Urban Development Fund was created as a tool for poverty eradication, empowering both the urban and rural poor. The project covers 53 provinces out of 75 throughout the country, and has resulted in about 950 community saving groups out of a total of 2,000 urban communities, as well as more than 100 community networks. The article introduces the experience of Urban Community Development of Thailand.     

波兰卡托维兹城市群的环境管理与城市发展

The Katowice experience focuses on the issue of brownfield remediation and how a local authority addressed issues related to the rehabilitation and re-use of industrial sites, and solid waste and sewage management in revitalizing the urban environment. The Katowice agglomeration is considered an exceptional area in Poland owing to its environmental and spatial conditions. The agglomeration is the most urbanized, industrialized and densely populated region in the country. The article introduces the experience of environmental management and city development in the Katowice agglomeration.     

Strategic Planning Approaches for Creating Resilient Cities: A Case Study on Hangzhou City

In the twenty-first century, the population in China will be increasingly urbanized – focusing the sustainability challenge on cities and raising new challenges to address the urban resilience capacity. During the past two decades, China's urban policies are state institution-directed, growth-oriented, and land-based, imposing unprecedented challenges on sustainability. Strengthening the capacity of cities to manage resilience appears to be a key factor for cities to effectively pursue sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to explore strategic planning approaches for creating resilient cities in China through a study on Hangzhou City in an integrated framework. Firstly, the paper gives a systematic insight into the structure of Hangzhou City. Secondly, the development trajectory of the urban system is analyzed to understand how the past has shaped the present and to get a broader perspective on its evolution. Thirdly, scenario planning is conducted to explore the adaptive capacity of Hangzhou City under different future conditions. At last, having analyzed the past, present, and future of the urban system, the paper discusses the strategies for resilient planning, which helps to identify factors and trends that might enhance or inhabit the adaptability.     

Fuel Poverty and Comfort in Modern Residential Apartments in Developing Countries： A Case from Jordan

Energy is one of the most important resources in the economy of developing countries. Jordan depends mainly on imported oil and gas at international prices. This creates a heavy burden upon Jordanian national economy, which is reflected in the same time on other sectors of the Jordanian society. The ever increasing fuel prices make it very necessary to look for new renewable energy resources. Jordan as a developing country with its fast growing urban development and construction projects will be studied. It is worthy to study the dynamic relationship between end user, fuel and comfort in the residential sector. Energy is a chronic problem in Jordan, due to lack of non renewable energy resources, the end consumer is influenced by this fact, in achieving his basic energy needs. This study tries to shed light on the fuel poverty line, definitions and parameters of fuel poverty. And to study what has been done in this regard on both international and local level. No studies have been identified in Jordan which, explore the problem of fuel poverty, especially after the vast and recent increase in fuel prices internationally and locally. This study will follow theoretical and field survey to understand the relationship between comfort, energy and building fabric. Method will depend mainly on field survey and statistical data, and necessary measurements, questionnaires will be adopted when necessary to explore comfort levels related to fuel consumption. Summary and recommendations will be concerned with how thermal comfort could be achieved within the ranges of fuel accessibility, building fabric, minimum pollution and cost.     

Towards Sustainable Neighborhoods:The Role of Social Planning in China-A Case Study of Ningbo,Zhejiang Province

This paper argues for a strengthened form of neighborhood planning designed not only to improve the quality of life but also to promote the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups and a more ecologically sustainable development.Empirical focus is the municipality of Ningbo from 1990 onwards,and the most dynamic dimension of this demographic is the net in-flow of rural migrants from across China,and its implications for social policy are traced.The new infrastructure of local governance affords a unique opportunity for a new approach to solving the critical urban problems of ecological sustainability,social inclusion,and quality of life at the neighborhood level.After showing how neighborhood planners might contribute to local initiatives for neighborhood improvement,the paper concludes with some comments on the implications of this approach for planning education.     

Joining Paths and Dividing Paths： Juiz de Fora, Brazil

The aim of this paper is to present the urban history of Juiz de Fora, a city with some 500,000 inhabitants in southeastern Brazil, and discuss how strategic decisions about the planning and construction of roads and highways can determine ways of life in a city. While paths may integrate landholdings and territories, they may also segregate communities and environments, causing deep rifts in the fabric of urban and land areas. The growth of Juiz de Fora is particularly marked by the construction of paths. This article reviews the local urban history from the establishment of paths in the city, to an analysis of the major impact and benefits they have had, notably on the local economy and demographics, as well as on the conservation of the local environment： Issues that are frequently relegated to a secondary role in the cost-benefit analysis of the city＇s planning decisions. After analysis of the case study, the authors concluded that citizens should be included on the agenda of the city, from spectators to actors of daily urban life.     

Urban Formation in China Since 1950 Seen from Afar

Urban formations at the national,regional and urban district levels in China are discussed.Observations at the national level concern spatio-temporal distributions of regional and county-level cities,as well as designated towns,since 1950,and references to comparable western patterns of urbanization are made.At a regional level and especially for the Yangtze River Delta Region,less well-controlled development appears primarily in conurbated areas between relatively well-managed cities and towns,often causing adverse environmental consequences and economic inefficiencies.At local urban district levels,characteristics of large-block developments are compared with western counterparts,as well as with earlier conditions of Chinese urbanization.Although future adaptation appears possible,problems include a relative inflexibility in prevailing building types,inefficiencies of coarse-grained infrastructure distribution,and potential isolation from relatively high degrees of selfcontainment.     

Response of Urban Planning to Climate Change in Rapidly Urbanizing Area: A Case Study of Nanjing

Global climate change is the greatest challenge for the survival of civilization in human history, to which a lot of countries all over the world have taken measures including the administrative and technical approaches in the field of urban planning. However, those approaches are mainly in line with the traditional urban planning principles and methodologies, with weak guidance to practice. Especially for the areas which are undergoing rapid urbanization, it is urgent to work on the critical problem of how to draw up city and regional plans to deal with the challenge of climate change by innovating the existing urban planning principles and methodologies. Taking Nanjing as example, this paper firstly puts forward the strategic principles to deal with the climate change in city master planning, including controlling urbanization speed and restricting disordered urban sprawl, balancing ecological system, protecting green spaces and ecologically fragile areas, enhancing the resilient ability to natural disasters and protecting urban security, and promoting sustainable development, etc., then presents the sustainable and flexible urban planning methods including adaptability assessment on spatial development, identification and delimitation of important ecological protection zones, risk assessment and early warning of disasters, clean pro- duction and energy-saving approaches, etc. It further explores some measures to addressing the issue of climate change that are applied in the new City Master Plan of Nanjing, including ① controlling the sprawl of construction land and protecting the ecological carbon sink spaces in order to weaken the impacts of climate change; ② guaranteeing the safety of ecological pattern and maintaining the balance of the urban eco-system in order to ensure the stability of local micro-climate and livable environment; ③ strengthening the regional flood-prevention in order to weaken the threat of natural disasters caused by climate change; ④ giving priority to public transportation and reducing carbon emissions in order to reduce the impacts of urban activities on the atmosphere.     

Strengthening of the Territorial Position of Valladolid through Planning Strategies： Networks,Patterns and Centralities

The urban condition of the European territory requires new approaches to explain the current development of cities and to propose new planning tools. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that we can support an innovative perspective based on intermediate geographical scales, more useful for outlining the specific features of territory. While we analyze the territory, we should overcome the strictly local scale of the administrative boundaries and create new relationship between contemporary urban concepts （metropolization of territory and metapolis） and the regional ecological patterns. In the case of Valladolid （E） urban/metropolitan area, we focus on both causes and process of city growth. We have understood that it could be inefficient for planning forgetting the real spatial configuration （the city is located in an intersection between two territorial corridors） and misunderstanding the territorial role of the city at different scales （the double centrality in the emerging urban area and in the region）. The significance of this case is to reveal the inter-scalar condition of places as generators of constraints in the contemporary urban fabric and, at the same time, to show the quality and the potential of places in the future urban realm.     

Formation Mechanism of the Cluster Space of Wuhan Metropolitan Area amid Evolution of Power Relationship

With the urban regionalization and regional urbanization, the spatial structure of cluster appears in some metropolitan areas, among which Wuhan can be taken as a typical case. This paper analyzes the formation of Wuhan metropolitan cluster space from the perspective of power relationship. A "twin-city" approach is developed in the peripheral area of Wuhan caused by the game between local governments at different levels. With the equal development opportunities in all directions and the alliances between different district governments and capital, the balancedly embedded cluster space is formed in Wuhan metropolitan area. And if there are no huge internal and external changes, the cluster space in Wuhan will continue to develop.     

非洲城市供水面临的挑战

Infrastructure and basic services have a crucial role to play in alleviating urban poverty, especially in A frica. Alack of or inadequate access to water, sanitation and energy denies individual rights to dignity and health. It also has major repercussions on education, gender equality, nutrition and income-earning capacity. With 72 percentor 187 million people- of its urban population living in slums, infrastructure and basic services are a major challenge for Africa. As part of its strategy to reduce urban poverty, UN-Habitat launched its Water for African Cities programme in 1999. This article gives a brief account of the programme.     

Putting Places First in Competitive Urban Transformation European Urban Creativity Perspectives and the City of Sarajevo

The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.     

Study Review on Urban Village and Related Planning Policy Suggestion

The paper summarizes the studies on urban village (chengzhongcun) in domestic and abroad from four perspectives including the concepts and definitions,the formation mechanism,the value orientations,and the renovation and reform strategies.Based on the summary,the paper states that a neutralized value orientation should be the logical starting point of analysis on urban village;the formation of urban village should be interpreted within the framework of "institution-action;" and the strategy of community management of urban village should be made from the angle of constructing city low-grade community and the restrictions of current institutions and various practical conditions.     

Revitalization of Urban Brownfield:Case Study on the Planning of the Central Park of Nanhu Eco-City in Tangshan

The redevelopment and regeneration of coal mining subsidence area has always been a hot topic in the?eld of social and scienti?c research.Relying on remote sensing and the geographic information system(GIS)platform and considering the opinions of experts from various disciplines,this paper intends to take the landscape planning and design of the coal mining subsidence area in Nanhu of Tangshan as an example to discuss the planning design strategies and substantial implementing approaches to transform abandoned urban land into a national urban wetland park,which specifically includes:①anticipation of geological subsidence disaster and construction of ecological security pattern;②coal ash management;③garbage mountain transformation;④application of eco-technologies for solving ground subsidence,etc.,so as to provide technical methods and research ideas for the utilization directions,ecological protection,and construction of urban brown?eld in similar areas all over the world.     

Urban Land Use Classifcation Linked to Planning Management

By analyzing the applicability of the new Code for Classification of Urban Land Use and Planning Standards of Development Land from the angle of planning management,this paper points out the conflicts between the planning and land use management institutions.Referring to the experience of land use control in the US and the UK through zoning and case law respectively,this paper puts forward that the urban land use classification should take into consideration the characteristics of the actual urban planning system and the possibility of mixed land use due to the uncertainty of urban development,and be linked to the institutions of planning and land supply management.     

Healthy Urbanization:From Quantitative Growth to Qualitative Promotion–Adjustment on Emphasis of Urbanization Strategy

China is currently experiencing the dramatic process of rapid urbanization,and the issue of how to realize a healthy urbanization is such a hot topic that it attracts attention at various levels from the Central Government to the local governments,as well as in many fields from academic community to political circles.Around this issue,this article provides several related point of views from seven experts and scholars,in order to inspire the thoughts on the future of China’s urbanization.     

Spatial Development of Local Bantik Community in Malalayang,Indonesia

The Proximity between the central business district and the settlement has led to many changes in the local Bantik community. These include changes in the function of settlements, population size, location of residence, and the movement of local culture. This study aims to examine the spatial changes that occur in local neighborhoods with a focus on the Bantik tribal community in Malalayang. Data were obtained from a series of field observations, questionnaires and structured interviews. This study conducted a series of analyses on spatial patterns, sociocultural factors and urban policy. The results show that the dynamic changes are natural and hard to avoid, since they are related to the community＇s needs and development of the city. In order to face the changes, adjustments in the values of the local community towards the settlement terms and conditions are necessary. In addition, an increase in internal resources for those local communities is needed.