Redimensioning parts for manufacturability: a design rewriting system

Both size and geometric dimension specifications contribute to the manufacturability of a part and must therefore be determined carefully to allow for efficient process plans. The presented approach is meant to systematically explore alternative geometric and size dimensions (as standardized in ANSI Y14.5) with the aim of improving the manufacturability of a design and how well-suited it is for a computer-based application.     

面向供应链管理的产品设计方法研究

为了提高产品对应的供应链的性能,在设计过程中需要针对供应链进行优化。介绍了面向供应链管理的产品设计的4个主要策略,提出了企业在整个产品开发过程中实施面向供应链管理的设计的基本流程,并建立出了一个实现框架。     

Manufacturing supply chain design and evaluation

Successful supply chain management calls for robust supply chain design and evaluation tools. Many published papers focused on high level strategic aspects of supply chain design and the results are usually generic guidelines for business executives rather than specific tools for plant managers. In this paper, we present a decision-based methodology for supply chain design that a plant manager can use to select suppliers. The methodology utilizes the techniques of analytic hierarchy process and preemptive goal programming. Supply chain operations reference model level I performance metrics are incorporated into the methodology as the decision criteria. In addition, a set of performance metrics is developed to evaluate the overall supply chain effectiveness, which allows direct comparison of different supply chain designs.     

A robust design for a closed-loop supply chain network under an uncertain environment

This paper presents a robust design for a multi-product, multi-echelon, closed-loop logistic network model in an uncertain environment. The model includes a general network structure considering both forward and reverse processes that can be used in various industries, such as electronics, digital equipment, and vehicles. Because logistic network design is a time consuming and costly project as well as a strategic and sensitive decision (i.e. the change of such decision is difficult in the future), a robust optimisation approach is adopted to cope with the uncertainty of demand and the return rate described by a finite set of possible scenarios. Hence, to obtain robust solutions with better time, the scenario relaxation algorithm is employed for the proposed model. Numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis are presented to demonstrate the significance and applicability of the presented model. It is shown that solutions resulted from the suggested approach insure more situations, especially in worst case ones. The results show that although the profit values of the robust configuration are less than the deterministic configuration, the robust configuration is more reliable than the deterministic one because the deterministic configuration is infeasible under some demand and return rates (i.e. in the worst cases). Moreover, the results show the computing time superiority of the algorithm compared to the extensive form model as well as optimality of the resulted solutions.     

Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

供应链协同系统的安全体系的设计与实现

为了解决基于互联网的供应链协同系统的信息安全问题,提出了一种层次型安全框架。基于中间件技术设计了供应链协同系统的构架,分别论述了对供应链协同系统中的网络接入安全、数据传输安全、用户身份认证和数据库访问的安全策略等问题,并将多种安全技术集成应用到该框架中。最后,给出了该安全框架的一个具体应用案例。     

基于绿色制造的供应链设计

认为绿色制造是制造业发展的必然趋势,绿色制造与供应链管理具有很强的粘合性;绿色制造对供应链管理提出了新的要求,基于绿色制造的供应链设计是达到这一要求的基础;提出了基于绿色制造的应链设计基本原则,具体分析了设计步骤。     

碳补贴政策下闭环供应链网络优化

在考虑碳排放和市场(运输价格、消费者需求和废旧品回收量)不确定的情况下,针对多层级、多产品的家电闭环供应链网络设计,建立包括生产商、分销商、消费者群以及回收中心和处置中心的网络规划模型。在政府针对使用低能耗产品的绿色消费者进行碳补贴的情况下,综合考虑闭环供应链总成本和总碳排放量的平衡,分析了不同补贴力度对消费者中绿色消费者比例浮动和整个闭环供应链网络规划设计的影响。通过算例证明了模型的有效性,为供应链网络设计者提供决策依据,并为政府针对消费者制定碳补贴政策实现减排的目的提供一定的理论依据。     

基于ObjectARX的高速滚子链链轮设计

应用基于ObjectARX的AutoCAD二次开发技术实现滚子链链轮的虚拟加工和设计过程。通过模拟链条与链轮的近似共轭啮合过程,实现链轮虚拟加工过程,得到满足近似共轭啮合的链轮齿廓。链轮虚拟加工包络成形的原理是将链条滚子表面假想为刀具,切制链轮毛坯,链轮轮齿齿面即链条滚子表面在相对运动过程中在链轮毛坯上形成的包络。所得链轮齿廓曲线对于改善滚子链链轮的设计,提高滚子链在高速下的使用性能具有重要借鉴意义。     

基于本体与多Agent的可靠供应链网络设计模型

针对供应链环境下的分布性、不确定性和动态性特征,基于本体与多Agent技术,构建了一种集成多种智能算法的可靠供应链网络设计模型。通过服务本体实现成员企业服务发布与发现,通过工作流本体实现订单任务动态分解,综合采用投招标策略和可靠性优化策略,实现可靠供应链网络的最优设计。其中,优化Agent由投标企业可靠性评估机制、目标可靠性预测机制以及基于可靠性的任务分配机制构成。通过一个应用实例验证了系统的可行性与有效性。     

基于加工和装配工艺性的电缆绞车的结构改进设计

电缆绞车是一种线缆缠绕装置,可手动或电动操作完成线缆的收发,其工作原理是通过链传动系统将手动轴与电动轴的转动力矩传递到绞盘传动轴,进而完成绞盘的转动。介绍了某电缆绞车的组成结构及电机传动与保护系统的作用。基于批量生产加工与装配工艺性对绞车进行了结构改进设计,涉及绞盘冲压模具的实现以及传动构件加工方式的改进。     

An ontology-based product design framework for manufacturability verification and knowledge reuse

To achieve efficient development of high-quality product, manufacturing constraints must be fully taken into account at the early design stage. However, designers lack in-depth knowledge of manufacturing and production. Many time-consuming iterations of design changes are required between designers and manufacturing engineers. In order to minimize this knowledge gap, this paper presents an ontology-based product design framework for manufacturability verification and knowledge reuse to support the sharing and reuse of design and manufacturing knowledge. It aims at providing advices and feedback of restraints of manufacturing processes to the designers during the design process. The proposed framework consists of three major layers which include a foundation layer, a domain layer, and an instance layer. We use the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a standard of ontology representation language, to formalize the foundation layer. It contains the core product model and the standard ISO 10303 AP224 application protocol. The domain layer comprises extensional concepts and relationships for design and manufacturing integration and a rule base for manufacturability verification, which is represented in Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). In the instance layer, an inference engine is developed based on ontology and rule inference. It provides recommendations of manufacturability. Two case studies are provided as application examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.     

基于WEB面向供应链的ERP系统设计

分析某机床生产企业现有管理信息系统存在的问题,应用Internet/Intranet技术、Web技术和数据库技术,规划设计了适应企业生产发展的ERP系统,提出了面向供应链管理的系统总体结构模型和基于C/S和B/S相结合的系统体系结构。     

Quantitative models for supply chain planning under uncertainty: a review

Managing uncertainty is a main challenge within supply chain management. Therefore, it is expected that those supply chain planning methods which do not include uncertainty obtain inferior results if compared with models that formalise it implicitly. This article presents a review of the literature related to supply chain planning methods under uncertainty. The main objective is to provide the reader with a starting point for modelling supply chain under uncertainty applying quantitative approaches. We have defined a taxonomy to classify models from 103 bibliographic references dated 1988–2007. Finally, some conclusions about the works analysed have been drawn and future lines of research have been identified.     

基于群体智能的农产品供应链网络多目标优化设计

针对产出单一产品的多级农产品供应链网络优化设计问题,同时考虑最小化总成本和最大化客户需求满足率两个目标,建立了集成生产设施选址、产能决策和物流网络运输模式选择的农产品供应链网络优化设计的多目标混合整数规划数学模型。基于一种新型的改进二元粒子群算法并融合拥挤距离计算和外部Pareto档案构建等技术,提出一种Pareto多目标粒子群优化算法求解农产品供应链网络设计问题。通过将该算法与基础二元粒子群优化扩展而来的多目标粒子群优化,以及非支配排序遗传算法应用于三个案例的计算对比,验证了算法的有效性和优越性。     

An integrated approach to the design and management of a supply chain system

In the modern competitive business environment, the design and management of supply chains is one of the most important and critical problems facing managers of multinational companies operating worldwide. There are three levels of decisions in a supply chain: strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The literature generally treats these decisions separately. This study defines a conceptual framework for the development of new modeling approaches for the Production Distribution Logistic System Design (PDSD) problem. In particular, the authors introduce the initial basis for the development of an innovative decision support systems platform capable of integrating the design, management, control, and optimization activities for a supply chain system.     

基于供应链的质量链管理

在企业将供应链系统作为其核心战略的前提下，稳定、有序、畅通并受控的质量管理对于保持并持续改进供应链系统及其产品的质量状态具有重要意义。针对供应链中质量管理的复杂性，本文描述了质量链的概念和质量链管理的特点。并结合质量链管理的实施框架阐述了质量链管理的研究内容，最后介绍了质量链管理的关键技术。     

制造业可持续供应链网络建模及求解

为将可持续发展纳入制造业供应链决策,利用企业信息资源有效平衡其三重底线,基于绿色供应链CITI指数提出一种对经济效益、环境污染和社会责任进行整体协调,促进三者平衡发展的制造业可持续供应链网络模型,并研究了一种高效的进化求解算法.首先基于经济侧、环境侧和社会侧的八项指标,构建了一个多层次、多产品类型和多能源模式的混合整数线性模型,提出了将多个优化目标进行标准化整合的方法.然后,设计了供应链网络的多叉树结构表征,在此基础上提出了一种自适应多叉森林进化算法,并通过自适应参数调整显著提升了算法的求解精度.最后,基于制造业真实数据进行了大量仿真实验,验证了所提模型和算法的有效性和优越性.实验结果表明,仅升高5％以内的成本,企业即可使碳排放量平均降低17.67％、废气排放量平均降低10.54％、废水排放量平均降低13.05％、固体废物排放量平均降低20.19％.