An Effective Cloud Workflow Scheduling Approach Combining PSO and Idle Time Slot-Aware Rules

Workflow scheduling is a key issue and remains a challenging problem in cloud computing.Faced with the large number of virtual machine(VM)types offered by cloud providers,cloud users need to choose the most appropriate VM type for each task.Multiple task scheduling sequences exist in a workflow application.Different task scheduling sequences have a significant impact on the scheduling performance.It is not easy to determine the most appropriate set of VM types for tasks and the best task scheduling sequence.Besides,the idle time slots on VM instances should be used fully to increase resources'utilization and save the execution cost of a workflow.This paper considers these three aspects simultaneously and proposes a cloud workflow scheduling approach which combines particle swarm optimization(PSO)and idle time slot-aware rules,to minimize the execution cost of a workflow application under a deadline constraint.A new particle encoding is devised to represent the VM type required by each task and the scheduling sequence of tasks.An idle time slot-aware decoding procedure is proposed to decode a particle into a scheduling solution.To handle tasks'invalid priorities caused by the randomness of PSO,a repair method is used to repair those priorities to produce valid task scheduling sequences.The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art cloud workflow scheduling algorithms.Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the comparative algorithms in terms of both of the execution cost and the success rate in meeting the deadline.     

基于李雅普诺夫优化的容器云队列在线任务和资源调度设计

为在保证任务服务质量（QoS）的条件下提高容器云资源利用率，提出一种基于李雅普诺夫的容器云队列任务和资源调度优化策略。首先，在云计算服务排队模型的基础上，通过李雅普诺夫函数分析任务队列长度的变化；然后，在任务QoS的约束下，构建资源功耗的最小化目标函数；最后，利用李雅普诺夫优化方法求解最小资源功耗目标函数，获得在线的任务和容器资源的优化调度策略，实现对任务和资源调度进行整体优化，从而保证任务的QoS并提高资源利用率。CloudSim仿真结果表明，所提的任务和资源调度策略在保证任务QoS的条件下能获得高的资源利用率，实现容器云在线任务和资源优化调度，并且为基于排队模型的云计算任务和资源整体优化提供必要的参考。     

An efficient scheduling optimization strategy for improving consistency maintenance in edge cloud environment

The development of Internet of Things leads to an increase in edge devices, and the traditional cloud is unable to meet the demands of the low latency of numerous devices in edge area. On the hand, the media delivery requires high-quality solution to meet ever-increasing user demands. The edge cloud paradigm is put forward to address the issues, which facilitates edge devices to acquire resources dynamically and rapidly from nearby places. However, in order to complete as many tasks as possible in a limited time to meet the needs of users, and to complete the consistency maintenance in as short a time as possible, a two-level scheduling optimization scheme in an edge cloud environment is proposed. The first-level scheduling is by using our proposed artificial fish swarm-based job scheduling method, most jobs will be scheduled to edge data centers. If the edge data center does not have enough resource to complete, the job will be scheduled to centralized cloud data center. Subsequently, the job is divided into same-sized tasks. Then, the second-level scheduling, considering balance load of nodes, the edge cloud task scheduling is proposed to decrease completion time, while the centralized cloud task scheduling is presented to reduce total cost. The experimental results show that our proposed scheme performs better in terms of minimizing latency and completion time, and cutting down total cost.

     

An efficient job management of computing service using integrated idle VM resources for high-performance computing based on OpenStack

In recent years, various studies on OpenStack-based high-performance computing have been conducted. OpenStack combines off-the-shelf physical computing devices and creates a resource pool of logical computing. The configuration of the logical computing resource pool provides computing infrastructure according to the user’s request and can be applied to the infrastructure as a service (laaS), which is a cloud computing service model. The OpenStack-based cloud computing can provide various computing services for users using a virtual machine (VM). However, intensive computing service requests from a large number of users during large-scale computing jobs may delay the job execution. Moreover, idle VM resources may occur and computing resources are wasted if users do not employ the cloud computing resources. To resolve the computing job delay and waste of computing resources, a variety of studies are required including computing task allocation, job scheduling, utilization of idle VM resource, and improvements in overall job’s execution speed according to the increase in computing service requests. Thus, this paper proposes an efficient job management of computing service (EJM-CS) by which idle VM resources are utilized in OpenStack and user’s computing services are processed in a distributed manner. EJM-CS logically integrates idle VM resources, which have different performances, for computing services. EJM-CS improves resource wastes by utilizing idle VM resources. EJM-CS takes multiple computing services rather than single computing service into consideration. EJM-CS determines the job execution order considering workloads and waiting time according to job priority of computing service requester and computing service type, thereby providing improved performance of overall job execution when computing service requests increase.

     

A hybrid instance-intensive workflow scheduling method in private cloud environment

Aiming to solve the problem of instance-intensive workflow scheduling in private cloud environment, this paper first formulates a scheduling optimization model considering the communication time between tasks. The objective of this model is to minimize the execution time of all workflow instances. Then, a hybrid scheduling method based on the batch strategy and an improved genetic algorithm termed fragmentation based genetic algorithm is proposed according to the characters of instance-intensive cloud workflow, where task priority dispatching rules are also taken into account. Simulations are conducted to compare the proposed method with the canonical genetic algorithm and two heuristic algorithms. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can considerably enhance the search efficiency of the genetic algorithm and is able to considerably outperform the compared algorithms, in particular when the number of workflow instances is high and the computational resource available for optimization is limited.

     

An intelligent water drops-based workflow scheduling for IaaS cloud

Cloud computing is an emerging technology in a distributed environment with a collection of large-scale heterogeneous systems. One of the challenging issues in the cloud data center is to select the minimum number of virtual machine (VM) instances to execute the tasks of a workflow within a time limit. The objectives of such a strategy are to minimize the total execution time of a workflow and improve resource utilization. However, the existing algorithms do not guarantee to achieve high resource utilization although they have abilities to achieve high execution efficiency. The higher resource utilization depends on the reusability of VM instances. In this work, we propose a new intelligent water drops based workflow scheduling algorithm for Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud. The objectives of the proposed algorithm are to achieve higher resource utilization and minimize the makespan within the given deadline and budget constraints. The first contribution of the algorithm is to find multiple partial critical paths (PCPs) of a workflow which helps in finding suitable VM instances. The second contribution is a scheduling strategy for PCP-VM assignment for assigning the VM instances. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through various simulation runs using synthetic datasets and various performance metrics. Through comparison, we show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the existing ones.     

基于自组织劳动分工的边云协同任务调度与资源缓存算法

针对边缘计算环境中,边缘设备的计算和存储资源有限的问题,探讨高效的边云协同任务调度和资源缓存策略,研究自组织劳动分工群智能算法模型机理,并以此为基础,提出基于蜂群劳动分工“激发-抑制”模型的边云协同任务调度算法(edge cloud collaborative task scheduling algorithm based on bee colony labor division‘activator-inhibitor’ model, ECCTS-BCLDAI)和基于蚁群劳动分工“刺激-响应”模型的边云协同资源缓存算法(edge cloud collaborative resource caching algorithm based on ant colony labor division ‘stimulus-response’ model,ECCRC-ACLDSR).仿真实验结果表明:所提出的ECCTS-BCLDAI任务调度算法在降低平均任务执行时长、减少边云协同费用上相较于传统算法有更好的表现;所提出的ECCRC-ACLDSR资源缓存算法在降低任务平均时长、优化网络带宽占用率、减少...     

Optimization of cloud computing task execution time and user QoS utility by improved particle swarm optimization

In order to optimize the quality of service (QoS) and execution time of task, a new resource scheduling based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed to improve the efficiency and superiority. In cloud computing, the first principle of resource scheduling is to meet the needs of users, and the goal is to optimize the resource scheduling scheme and maximize the overall efficiency. This requires that the scheduling of cloud computing resources should be flexible, real-time and efficient. In this way, the mass resources of cloud computing can effectively meet the needs of the cloud users. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), high performance and energy efficiency in one field. Most of them would have been the particle algorithm. The current technological development is still in-depth at super-resolution image research at an unprecedentedly fast pace. In particular, systemic origin applications get a lot of attention because they have a wide range of abnormal results. The scientific resource scheduling algorithm is the key to improve the efficiency of cloud computing resources distribution and the level of cloud services. In addition, the physical model of cloud computing resource scheduling is established. The performance of the IPSO algorithm applied to cloud computing resource scheduling is analysed in the design experiment. The comparison result shows that the new algorithm improves the PSO by taking full account of the user's Qu's requirements and the load balance of the cloud environment. In conclusion, the research on cloud computing resource scheduling based on IPSO can solve the problem of resource scheduling to a certain extent.     

Oppositional Red Fox Optimization Based Task Scheduling Scheme for Cloud Environment

Owing to massive technological developments in Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud environment, cloud computing (CC) offers a highly flexible heterogeneous resource pool over the network, and clients could exploit various resources on demand. Since IoT-enabled models are restricted to resources and require crisp response, minimum latency, and maximum bandwidth, which are outside the capabilities. CC was handled as a resource-rich solution to aforementioned challenge. As high delay reduces the performance of the IoT enabled cloud platform, efficient utilization of task scheduling (TS) reduces the energy usage of the cloud infrastructure and increases the income of service provider via minimizing processing time of user job. Therefore, this article concentration on the design of an oppositional red fox optimization based task scheduling scheme (ORFO-TSS) for IoT enabled cloud environment. The presented ORFO-TSS model resolves the problem of allocating resources from the IoT based cloud platform. It achieves the makespan by performing optimum TS procedures with various aspects of incoming task. The designing of ORFO-TSS method includes the idea of oppositional based learning (OBL) as to traditional RFO approach in enhancing their efficiency. A wide-ranging experimental analysis was applied on the CloudSim platform. The experimental outcome highlighted the efficacy of the ORFO-TSS technique over existing approaches.     

基于云计算的航空飞行试验数据中心任务调度优化架构设计

为解决航空飞行试验数据中心任务调度行为明显滞后的问题,实现对航空飞行试验数据的实时调度,设计基于云计算的航空飞行试验数据中心任务调度优化架构。设置WiRo中心网络,联合试验数据预测器与飞行任务分配器,完善中心任务调度优化架构体系的基础应用结构设计。根据PSO优化度量值的取值范围,求解惯性权重指标与粒子编码条件,并按照云计算法则,推导函数表达式条件,实现基于云计算的航空飞行试验数据调度模型的构建。在动态数据权限的约束下,计算中心调度任务的资源占用率与长尾延迟参数,实现对任务调度架构的优化配置,联合WiRo中心网络及EMU调度结构,完成基于云计算的航空飞行试验数据中心任务调度优化架构的设计。实验结果表明,云计算技术作用下,单位时间内的数据吞吐量达到了9.85B/s,由数据吞吐量有限造成的中心任务调度行为滞后的问题得到较好解决,符合实时调度航空飞行试验数据的实际应用需求。     

Resource scheduling approach for multimedia cloud content management

With the development of multimedia application and services, the multimedia technology has already permeated each aspect of our life. Multimedia cloud is used for processing multimedia services. However due to huge data volume, high concurrency, strict real-time, resource scheduling for content dissemination in multimedia cloud still remain challenges. In order to increase the user satisfaction and decrease completion time of content dissemination, the resource scheduling for content dissemination in multimedia cloud is proposed in this paper. The multimedia jobs are clustered according to user expectation and job complexity. The job with highest priority will be executed first. Moreover, considered multimedia task types and the impact of stragglers, the multimedia task scheduling based on task types and node workload is presented, which is a time-efficient scheduling approach. The experiments are conducted and the experiment results show that the job clustering algorithm-based user expectation and job complexity in multimedia cloud has better user satisfaction and shorter completion time, while the multimedia task scheduling based on task types and node workload can reduce completion time and achieve load-balancing.     

基于社会力群智能优化算法的云计算资源调度

为了提高云计算资源的调度效率,提出了一种基于社会力群智能优化算法的云计算资源调度方法.首先将云计算资源调度任务完成时间最短作为社会力群智能优化算法的目标函数,然后通过模拟人群疏散过程中的自组织、拥挤退避行为对最优调度方案进行搜索,最后采用仿真实验对算法性能进行测试.结果表明,相对于其它云计算资源调度方法,该方法可以更快地找到最优云计算资源调度方案,使云计算资源负载更加均衡,提高了云计算资源的利用率.     

基于双层规划的容器云资源动态配置算法

本文分析容器云资源动态配置决策问题,通过定义容器云资源的调度任务,求解得到容器云资源调度时间;利用容器云资源调度任务的最短时间矩阵,获取容器云资源调度所需的条件。在双层规划条件下,求解容器云资源调度的目标函数和约束函数;考虑到用户的任务情况和云数据中心的云资源状况,在虚拟机上构建一个到物理主机的矩阵,通过构建容器云资源动态配置结果在优化时的目标函数,结合约束条件,实现容器云资源的动态配置。实验结果表明,资源动态配置算法不仅可以提高容器云资源的利用率,还可以减少配置完成时间,具有更好的动态配置性能。     

基于蜂群算法的多维QoS云计算任务调度

针对云计算环境下用户日益多样化的QoS需求和高效的资源调度要求,提出了基于改进蜂群算法的多维QoS云计算任务调度算法,其中包括构建任务模型、云资源模型和用户QoS模型。为了获得高效的调度,引入蜂群算法。针对该算法在后期收敛速度变慢且易陷入局部最优的问题,引入收益比、跟随比概念及当前个体最优值及随机向量,避免"早熟"现象的出现。通过实验仿真,将该算法HEFT与和ABC算法进行比较,实验表明,该算法能获得较高的调度效率和用户满意度。     

Fuzzy Based Ant Colony Optimization Scheduling in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an Information Technology deployment model established on virtualization. Task scheduling states the set of rules for task allocations to an exact virtual machine in the cloud computing environment. However, task scheduling challenges such as optimal task scheduling performance solutions, are addressed in cloud computing. First, the cloud computing performance due to task scheduling is improved by proposing a Dynamic Weighted Round-Robin algorithm. This recommended DWRR algorithm improves the task scheduling performance by considering resource competencies, task priorities, and length. Second, a heuristic algorithm called Hybrid Particle Swarm Parallel Ant Colony Optimization is proposed to solve the task execution delay problem in DWRR based task scheduling. In the end, a fuzzy logic system is designed for HPSPACO that expands task scheduling in the cloud environment. A fuzzy method is proposed for the inertia weight update of the PSO and pheromone trails update of the PACO. Thus, the proposed Fuzzy Hybrid Particle Swarm Parallel Ant Colony Optimization on cloud computing achieves improved task scheduling by minimizing the execution and waiting time, system throughput, and maximizing resource utilization.     

基于离散人工蜂群算法的云任务调度优化

针对现今云计算任务调度只考虑单目标和云计算应用对虚拟资源的服务的质量要求高等问题,综合考虑了用户最短等待时间、资源负载均衡和经济原则,提出一种离散人工蜂群(ABC)算法的云任务调度优化策略。首先,从理论上建立了云任务调度的多目标数学模型;然后,结合偏好满意度策略并引入局部搜索算子和改变侦察蜂搜索方式,提出多目标离散型人工蜂群(MDABC)算法的优化策略。通过不同的云任务调度仿真实验,显示了改进离散人工蜂群算法相对于基础离散人工蜂群算法、遗传算法以及经典贪心算法,能够得到较高的综合满意度,表明了改进离散人工蜂群算法能够更好地改善虚拟资源中云任务调度系统的性能,具有一定的普适性。     

基于多种云环境的任务调度算法综述

任务调度算法是云计算资源分配部署的核心方法。针对当前云计算发展面临的任务需求和数据量指数级增长的问题,重点对任务调度算法进行了系统的梳理和归纳,以云环境为分类依据,研究分析了单云、联盟云、混合云、多云四类调度算法。在单云环境中,从传统启发式、元启发式以及混合式任务调度算法角度进行阐述。在联盟云、混合云、多云环境中,从工作流和独立任务调度算法角度进行阐述。通过比较,总结了现有算法的优点、缺点以及优化性能,并形成结论性意见和开放性问题,为未来对容器云、数据云以及兼顾资源分配与任务调度算法的研究奠定基础。     

带有资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度算法

随着大规模定制的市场需求日趋显著,赛如生产系统(Seru production system,SPS)应运而生,逐渐成为研究和应用领域的热点.本文针对带有资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度问题进行研究,即需要在有限的空间位置上安排随动态需求而构建的若干Seru,以总加权完工时间最小为目标,决策Seru的构建顺序及时间.先基于平均延迟最短加权处理时间(Average delayed shortest weighted processing time,AD-SWPT)算法,针对其竞争比不为常数的局限性,引入调节参数,得到竞争比为常数的无资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度算法.接下来,引入冲突处理机制,得到有资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度算法,αAD-I(α-average delayed shortest weighted processing time-improved)算法,特殊实例下可通过实例归约的方法证明其竞争比与无资源冲突的情况相同.最后,通过实验,验证了在波动的市场环境下算法对于特殊实例与一般实例的优越性.     

带有资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度算法

随着大规模定制的市场需求日趋显著,赛如生产系统(Seru production system,SPS)应运而生,逐渐成为研究和应用领域的热点.本文针对带有资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度问题进行研究,即需要在有限的空间位置上安排随动态需求而构建的若干Seru,以总加权完工时间最小为目标,决策Seru的构建顺序及时间.先基于平均延迟最短加权处理时间(Average delayed shortest weighted processing time,AD-SWPT)算法,针对其竞争比不为常数的局限性,引入调节参数,得到竞争比为常数的无资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度算法.接下来,引入冲突处理机制,得到有资源冲突的Seru在线并行调度算法,αAD-I(α-average delayed shortest weighted processing time-improved)算法,特殊实例下可通过实例归约的方法证明其竞争比与无资源冲突的情况相同.最后,通过实验,验证了在波动的市场环境下算法对于特殊实例与一般实例的优越性.     

任务分解控制及人员柔性的车间集成调度

针对复杂产品制造环境下制造任务分解与资源配置脱节的问题,提出了制造任务分解与多目标人员柔性车间资源配置优化方法。在对复杂制造任务特点进行分析的基础上,建立了任务分解粒度控制模型和考虑人员柔性的制造单元资源模型,利用自适应非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,得到了较为满意的任务分解和车间资源调度方案。