沙轻减渣与油浆丁脱沥青制备高等级道路沥青的研究

溶剂沥青是一种有效的渣同深加工工艺。本文对沙轻减渣与催化裂化油浆的混合物的脱油沥青调和重交沥青的可行性进行了研究。结果表明：沙轻减渣与催化裂化油浆混合物溶剂沥青得到的脱油沥青与减渣可以调和出各种牌号的高等级道路沥青。     

A级道路石油沥青的开发与生产

通过对道路石油沥青针入度指数(PI)与平均分子量关系的研究,提出了选择原油、提高减压蒸馏分离效果、氧化和原油混合提高道路石油沥青PI的方法,筛选原油得出进口原油2可生产A级产品,氧化试验证明选择合适的氧化条件沙中减渣可制备A级产品,减压蒸馏试验并经工业装置验证得出沙中原油可生产A级产品。     

水力空化对沙重原油性质的影响

基于水力空化过程能够产生局部的高温、高压、高射流、强大的剪切力等极端物理条件,提出利用水力空化装置改质处理沙特重质原油(沙重原油)的设想,考察了常温下水力空化压力和处理次数对沙重原油性质的影响;并通过理化性能分析、实沸点蒸馏实验和减压渣油延迟焦化反应考察了水力空化处理前后原油的性能。结果表明：当水力空化压力为4 MPa,处理1次时,沙重原油改质效果最佳：其20  ℃时密度、40  ℃时黏度、残炭、相对分子质量分别由0.8967 g/cm³、13.61 mm²/s、7.16%、467降低至0.8710 g/cm³、7.22 mm²/s、6.48%、443;经过空化处理的原油中减压渣油质量分数降低约1.0百分点;减压渣油延迟焦化的焦炭产率降低1.85百分点,液相和气相产品的收率分别增加1.52和0.33百分点。     

自建沙特阿美营地在重油项目中的应用

在沙特阿美项目的实际执行过程中,大部分外国承包商都是以EPC总承包的形式分包给当地有经验的承包商,不但合同价格高、工期不可控,而且最后许多营地不能通过阿美的联合检查验收。因此,为了避免这些不利因素,沙特重油项目首次尝试采用"设计分包、自行采购、自行施工"的新模式,最终通过阿美诸多部门的联合检查验收,实现了公司在沙特项目营地建设模式的重大突破,也为后续沙特阿美项目营地建设提供借鉴和参考。     

OPEC cuts production, Iraq cuts exports and China seeks more oil

This section summarizes downstream developments of the previous month. Exploration & Production are covered in 'Upstream Review'.
OPEC ministers agreed to cut crude oil production by 1 mn bpd from 1st January, whilst leaving the group's production ceiling unchanged at 27 mn bpd. Cuts were allocated amongst the seven countries deemed to be overproducing the most ( see Global Energy Review , OPEC, Latest Developments). OPEC's President, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, said OPEC's oil price target should be raised to at least $30 to reflect current dollar weakness. Freight rates fell sharply in the wake of OPEC's decision on output. VLCC rates between the Persian Gulf and Asia went down immediately by 25% and lost a further 60% by the end of the year. Saudi Arabia agreed to cuts of 500,000 bpd. The kingdom meanwhile has added 800,000 bpd to its production capacity with the formal opening of the Qatif and Abu Safah fields, bringing total capacity to 11 mn bpd. The Saudi government stepped up security following renewed threats by al-Qaeda to attack oil installations there. Two car bombs later exploded in Riyadh. In a radical departure from normal trading practice, Saudi Arabia said it would explore the idea of selling oil under long term contracts on a take-or-pay basis. Such arrangements are common in the natural gas industry but rare in the case of oil.     

渣油热分解行为及动力学

在动态热重装置上对胜利、沙特、也门渣油及混合渣油的热分解行为进行了考察。根据试验结果，讨论了不同渣油的热分解活性及其在混合渣油中的相互作用；基于总包一级反应的微分法对热重数据进行了处理，求得不同渣油的热分解特征值与动力学参数     

沙中原油研制70号优质重交通道路沥青

镇海炼油化工公司, 选用蜡含量低的沙中原油为原料通过减压深拔、减压渣油调合糠醛精制抽出油、减压渣油浅度氧化三种途径研制７０号优质重交沥青, 取得了满意的结果     

ASPHALTENES IN SAUDI ARABIAN HEAVY CRUDE OIL SOLUBILITY AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS IN HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS

The asphaltenes from Saudi Arabian Heavy crude oil residue ( 370°C+ ) were precipitated by adding n-alkane solvents ( n-C₅ to n-C ₁₀ ) to the crude oil / residue.     

进口原油减压渣油生产优质建筑沥青试验

用沙中、科威特,阿曼及阿曼与胜利混合原油的减压渣油,进行了用各种氧化工艺条件生产优质建筑沥青的试验,试验结果表明,沙中、科威特减压渣油通过氧化可生产出符合GB/G494-1998标准的10号建筑沥青,用阿曼和75%阿曼与胜利混合原油的减压渣油可生产出10号、30号,40号优质建筑沥青。     

PIMS软件在炼油厂总加工流程优化阶段进行原油优选的应用

以某新建千万吨级炼油厂总流程优化为例,通过建立PIMS模型,分别考察了采用沙特重质原油(简称沙重原油)和沙特中质原油（简称沙中原油）作为设计原油时对总加工流程和经济效益的影响。结果显示,沙中原油密度小、质量好,一方面可改善渣油加氢装置原料性质,重金属和沥青质含量显著降低,另一方面可获得较高的轻油收率和综合商品率,分别为79.81%和91.80%。但由于沙中原油采购成本较高,导致炼油利润较沙重原油工况时低53.50元/t。综合考虑,沙重原油既能获得较高的经济效益,也能适应加工沙中等中质原油的生产操作,同时考虑未来原油炼制的发展趋势,建议选择高硫劣质的沙重原油作为设计原油。     

不同分子结构渣油加氢反应性能研究

分别以石蜡基青海原油渣油（简称青海渣油）和中间基沙特阿拉伯轻质原油渣油（简称沙轻渣油）为原料,采用RHT系列渣油加氢催化剂进行了1 500 h 稳定性试验,采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪分析原料和加氢生成油的分子结构差异及试验后催化剂（简称试验旧剂）上积炭组成。结果表明：青海渣油分子芳烃侧链多且长,通过初期快速升温可使其侧链断裂,改善其内扩散性能,且生焦倾向降低;沙轻渣油分子芳烃含量高,侧链较短,低温时即可达到较高杂质脱除率,高温则易生成结焦前躯物,造成催化剂快速失活;与青海渣油相比,沙轻渣油加氢试验旧剂的积炭量更大,硬炭比例更高。对青海渣油加氢反应的温度分布进行优化,快速升高脱金属催化剂床层温度,降低脱硫剂反应温度,形成前高后低的温度分布,结果表明优化后方案的加氢生成油性质更优。     

渣油掺炼糠醛抽出油对丙烷脱沥青装置影响的研究

通过丙烷脱沥青试验装置,考察糠醛抽出油与涠洲和沙轻渣油按不同比例掺炼,研究了不同渣油及抽出油掺炼对脱沥青油及脱油沥青性质及收率的变化。结果表明,掺炼抽出油可以显著降低渣油黏度,提高脱沥青油收率,脱沥青油的性能得到改善。     

高速公路用石油沥青的研制与开发

以进口沙中原油、科威特原油、阿曼原油及国内渤海油田绥中３６－１原油为原料,利用减压深拔、半氧化、溶剂抽提及调合等传统工艺,研制开发了达到进口沥青指标要求的高速公路用石油肝新产品。其路用性能达到进口优质沥青的水平。     

Aromatic Steroids in Mideastern Crude Oils: Identification and Geochemical Application

The aromatic fractions of three crude oil samples from Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia were isolated by using the method of silver ion-silica solid-phase extraction. Two series of aromatic steroids were recognized in these fractions using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry corresponding to mono- and triaromatic steroids applying the mass chromatography at m/z 253 and m/z 231. The mass chromatogram traces show considerable differences that allow the use of the aromatic steroid distribution patterns as fingerprint for these oils. The oils contain significant amounts of mono- and triaromatic steroids having the C-24 ethylsteroid skeleton abundant in terrestrial sources. The abundance ratios of the short- to long-chain components of the mono- and triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons, together with the steroid aromatization parameter, indicate that the Iraqi and Saudi oils are at advanced maturity levels relative to the Iranian oil.     

SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF LIGHT NAPHTHA AS POTENTIAL PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK IN SAUDI ARABIA

Saudi Arabia is a major crude oil producer and exporter. Additionally, with the completion of its master gas gathering and treatment system petrochemical industries became the Kingdom's second major industrial sector. Currently, the Saudi petrochemical industry depends mainly on (C₁) methane and (C₂) ethane components of associated gas (AG) and natural gas (NG) as feedstocks. A variety of basic petrochemicals are now being produced principally by plants of the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC).

There is a necessity of enhancing the use of various under-utilized hydrocarbon resources. At present, one of the favored under-utilized resources and potential candidates for upgrading is light naphtha (LN). Because LN has the advantage of producing a more diverse petrochemical product portfolio than C₁ and C₂ components, it is expected that LN will assume an increasing importance as feedstock in the future development of petrochemical industries in Saudi Arabia. However, industrial opportunities for economies of large-scale production of petrochemicals based on LN might not be favored.

Saudi Arabia's chemical and petrochemical industrial sector has not yet been fully developed, and its production lines are not enough diversified to benefit from LN. The development and expansion of Saudi petrochemical industries usually follows the international trend in this sector, and benefits from its technological achievements. Worldwide global shift in the use of feedstock in this industrial sector will be reflected in the Saudi petrochemical industries. As the world trend is to maximize the utilization of under-utilized petroleum resources, one would expect optimization of LN utilization in Saudi Arabia in the near future.     

利用胜利原油增产乙烯原料的研究

利用胜利原油生产乙烯原料的全流程考核结果表明,通过对齐鲁分公司胜利炼油厂目前炼油加工流程进行调整和优化,经延迟焦化、加氢裂化装置的深加工,加工胜利原油不仅比加工沙轻原油具有地理优势,还可以生产优质的乙烯原料。所生产乙烯原料的量占胜利原油的2 1 43 %     

SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF LIGHT NAPHTHA AS POTENTIAL PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK IN SAUDI ARABIA

ABSTRACT

Saudi Arabia is a major crude oil producer and exporter. Additionally, with the completion of its master gas gathering and treatment system petrochemical industries became the Kingdom's second major industrial sector. Currently, the Saudi petrochemical industry depends mainly on (C₁) methane and (C₂) ethane components of associated gas (AG) and natural gas (NG) as feedstocks. A variety of basic petrochemicals are now being produced principally by plants of the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC).

There is a necessity of enhancing the use of various under-utilized hydrocarbon resources. At present, one of the favored under-utilized resources and potential candidates for upgrading is light naphtha (LN). Because LN has the advantage of producing a more diverse petrochemical product portfolio than C₁ and C₂ components, it is expected that LN will assume an increasing importance as feedstock in the future development of petrochemical industries in Saudi Arabia. However, industrial opportunities for economies of large-scale production of petrochemicals based on LN might not be favored.

Saudi Arabia's chemical and petrochemical industrial sector has not yet been fully developed, and its production lines are not enough diversified to benefit from LN. The development and expansion of Saudi petrochemical industries usually follows the international trend in this sector, and benefits from its technological achievements. Worldwide global shift in the use of feedstock in this industrial sector will be reflected in the Saudi petrochemical industries. As the world trend is to maximize the utilization of under-utilized petroleum resources, one would expect optimization of LN utilization in Saudi Arabia in the near future.     

沙特阿拉伯混合原油馏分油加氢精制工艺研究

用新开发成功的Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ型ＦＤＳ－４催化剂对高含硫量的沙特阿拉伯轻、重质原油混合油的直馏煤油、柴油、ＶＧＯ等馏分油在１００ｍＬ连续式固定床加氢试验装置上进行加氢精制，在较缓和的工艺条件下，可以得到硫醇硫和硫含量合格的３号喷气燃料、国家标准优级品－１０号轻柴油及含硫量小于０．５Ｗ％的催化裂化原料油。     

Effect of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer modification on properties of Saudi bitumen

This research investigates the effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer and other plastomers on the behavior of Saudi bitumen. Three bitumen samples, extracted from three Saudi oil refineries, namely Ras Tanura, Riyadh, and Yanbu, were used in this study. The bitumen samples were mixed with different modifiers in various compositions, forming polymer modified bitumens (PMBs). Elasticity parameters, such as ductility and elastic recovery were measured and evaluated. Characteristics of raw bitumen were analyzed to observe the compatibility of bitumen with SBS and plastomers. Bitumen samples were suitable for SBS modification and SBS PMBs showed superior elasticity behaviors compared to plastomer blends.     

加氢裂化反应尾油中烃组成变化规律的研究

以沙轻减压蜡油为原料,考察了加氢裂化过程不同反应阶段尾油烃组成的变化规律。当转化率低于58.7%时,加氢裂化尾油链烷烃占生成油的比例基本不变;转化率高于58.7%时,尾油链烷烃占生成油的比例随转化率升高而下降。分析了造成链烷烃总量变化的原因,环状烃的开环、断侧链反应,反应产物进入轻组分是造成尾油中链烷烃含量相对增加的主要因素,因此,提高催化剂的环状烃开环能力能够提高产品尾油中链烷烃的相对含量。