HPLC法测定苹果浓缩汁中的多酚类物质

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了儿茶素、绿原酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素、香豆酸、阿魏酸等六种酚类物质在鲁加1号和鲁加5号苹果浓缩汁中的的含量.色谱条件:色谱柱为EdipseXDB-C18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm id,5μm),以甲醇-1%乙酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱.柱温30℃,流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为280nm.在此色谱条件下,各组分均得到很好的分离.经测定鲁加1号苹果浓缩汁中含有儿茶素、绿原酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素、香豆酸、阿魏酸等六种酚类物质;鲁加5号苹果浓缩汁中含有较少的绿原酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素、香豆酸、阿魏酸等五种酚类物质.     

高效液相色谱法测定菠萝中多酚类化合物

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了多酚类物质在菠萝果皮、果肉、果心中的含量及分布情况。色谱条件：色谱柱为 Diamonsil C_(18)柱(250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈和0．3%醋酸溶液,柱温为25℃,流速为 1．0mL/min,线性梯度洗脱,检测波长为280nm。在此色谱条件下,各组分均得到良好分离。经测定,菠萝果皮中含有4种酚类物质,为没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、阿魏酸,含量较高；果肉及果心中酚类物质为表儿茶素和阿魏酸,含量较低。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定发酵前后白参菌茶中六种活性成分

以绿茶和绿茶与白参菌共发酵茶为研究对象,建立快速同时检测绿茶与白参菌共发酵前后茶叶中的6种活性成分含量变化的高效液相色谱检测方法。将白参菌与绿茶共发酵,制备白参菌发酵茶。采用Wonda Sil C18柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈(A)-0. 2%H3PO4溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～15 min,5%A→15%A; 15～40 min,15%A→25%A; 40～45 min,25%A→5%A),流速1 m L/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为280 nm检测茶叶发酵前后的活性成分含量。结果表明,绿茶经过与白参菌共发酵后,咖啡碱和可可碱含量几乎没有变化,表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯的含量均大幅下降。6种活性成分在6. 25～2 000μg/m L下线性关系良好,相关系数(R)在0. 995 5～0. 999 9,检出限在0. 312 5～1. 870μg/m L,绿茶的加标回收率在95. 06%～111. 06%,白参菌茶的加标回收率在85. 06%～118. 88%。白参菌与绿茶共发酵前后化学成分的含量发生变化,该液相...     

树莓与蓝莓中多酚类成分的HPLC测定

利用HPLC法对树莓与蓝莓中的生理活性成分进行含量测定。HPLC法采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(150 mm,4.6 mm);流动相采用色谱纯乙腈(A)-含0.1%磷酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱,0~16 min,5%A;19 min,10%A;23 min,13%A;40 min,14%A;43 min,17%A;48 min,22%A;51 min,24%A;52 min,24%A;58 min,26%A;60 min,30%A;65 min,60%A;68 min,70%A;72 min~78 min,100%A;流速为1 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长为280 nm;每次进样10μL,测定树莓与蓝莓95%乙醇提取物中没食子酸、原儿茶酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、原花青素B2、矢车菊素、鞣花酸、树莓酮、白藜芦醇、水杨酸的含量;这十种多酚类成分在三种浆果中含量高低不等,其中鞣花酸含量在黑树莓中最高(0.97μg/g),红树莓次之(0.51μg/g),蓝莓最低(0.36μg/g)。蓝莓与树莓中富含多种多酚类物质,是其具有多种生物活性的物质基础。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定心动颗粒中阿魏酸和欧前胡素的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定心动颗粒中阿魏酸和欧前胡素含量。方法色谱柱为Welchrom@C18反相色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈(A)-水(10 mmol/L磷酸)(B),梯度洗脱:0~3.5 min,15%A;3.5~12 min,15%A→25%A;12~21 min,25%A);流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长310 nm;柱温35℃。结果阿魏酸和欧前胡素的质量浓度分别在5.19~51.90μg/m L和5.20~52.05μg/m L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r20.9995),平均回收率分别为98.34%和98.06%,RSD分别为1.02%和0.96%(n=6)。结论本测定方法简便、准确,稳定性、重复性好,适用于心动颗粒中阿魏酸和欧前胡素的含量测定。     

黑果腺肋花楸原花青素的纯化及表儿茶素和原花青素B_2含量测定

本文研究AB-8型大孔树脂对黑果腺肋花楸原花青素粗提物的吸附和解吸特性,并利用高效液相色谱法测定原花青素纯化物中表儿茶素和原花青素B_2含量。结果表明,上样溶液浓度4 mg/m L,吸附流速2 BV/h,解吸液乙醇浓度为50%,得到纯化物中原花青素含量为14.29%;高效液相色谱法采用Aglient Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0~10 min,10%A-30%A;10~20 min,30%A-70%A;20~30 min,70%A-100%A),流速1 m L/min,检测波长280 nm,表儿茶素和原花青素B2质量浓度在0.025~0.2 mg/m L内呈现良好的线性关系,两种成分的加样回收率分别为105.5%和99.8%;经测定黑果腺肋花楸纯化物中表儿茶素和原花青素B_2含量分别为14.26 mg/g和22.45 mg/g。     

高效液相色谱法测定树脂吸附对菠萝果汁中酚类物质的影响

寻找一种可用于菠萝果汁中同时分析测定4种酚类物质的高效液相色谱的方法.并对大孔树脂LS-806B吸附前后的菠萝果汁进行分析测定.色谱条件为:色谱柱为DIKMA C18(2)(250mm×4.6mm,5μm).紫外检测器,检测波长为280 nm,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为35℃,进样体积为20μL.流动相:(A)为乙腈,(B)为0.02moL/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH值约27).采用梯度洗脱程序:0～5.00min,A为10%;5.01min～15.00 min,A为10%～90%;15.01min～25.00min,A为90%～10%:25.01 min～55.00 min,A为10%.4种酚类物质在15 min内得到了很好的分离,且回收率均在89%以上,检出限也较低.菠萝果汁经大孔树脂LS-806B吸附处理后的酚类物质含量大大降低,表儿茶素几乎被全部吸附,阿魏酸残留率仅为12.68%,达到了很好的吸附效果,对菠萝果汁起到了控制褐变的作用.     

测定食物中5种类黄酮物质的高效液相色谱法的改进

目的优化、完善分析植物性食物中5种类黄酮成分的方法。方法采用Nova-Pak C18(3.9 mm×150mm,4μm)色谱柱;流动相为0.1%三氟乙酸(A)-5%乙腈甲醇溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0～5min,90%A→60%A;5～18 min,60%A→40%A;18～21 min,40%A→10%A;21～25 min,10%A→10%A;25～30 min,10%A→90%A),流速1 ml/min;检测波长365 nm,柱温35℃。结果杨梅黄酮、槲皮素、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基5种类黄酮在0.156～20μg/ml浓度范围内与色谱峰高呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.9995～0.9999;检测限为0.0195μg/ml(S/N≥3);低、中、高浓度的平均加标回收率(n=3)为88.5%～105.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.32%。结论该方法灵敏、准确,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,可用于植物性食物中5种类黄酮含量的检测。     

茶叶中5种酚酸类化合物的HPLC测定方法

建立了茶叶中5种酚酸类化合物的HPLC测定方法,并分析比较了茶叶酚酸类化合物的前处理方法。茶叶中5种酚酸类化合物的HPLC测定条件为:色谱柱采用HypersilBDSC18柱(250×4.6mmID;5μm),流动相为75%A液(2%HAc) 25%B液(乙腈),柱温30℃,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长326nm和280nm,外标法定量。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定柚子中的4种黄酮苷和柠檬苦素

为同时测定柚子中芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柠檬苦素,研究了高效液相色谱的洗脱条件、测定波长等对测定结果的影响。结果表明,优选的测定条件为色谱柱:Bio-Bond 5μm C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm);进样量10μL;黄酮苷与柠檬苦素的检测波长分别为283 nm和220 nm;流动相:乙腈(A)和水(B),梯度洗脱:0 min,22%A;8 min,22%A;10 min,95%A;16 min,95%A;18 min,22%A;20 min,22%A,流速1 mL/min。该测定条件下,上述5种成分分离良好;其标准曲线相关系数均大于0.9997,检出限为0.69~1.72 mg/L,定量限为1.51~3.15 mg/L,重复性相对标准偏差小于2%。加样回收率均大于98%,加样回收率相对标准偏差均小于2%。     

不同品种枣果实发育过程中多酚类物质、VC含量的变化及其抗氧化活性

为探索不同品种枣果发育过程中多酚类物质与抗氧化活性的动态变化规律,对灰枣、鸡心枣、梨枣、赞皇枣、磨盘枣、葫芦枣6 个枣品种的不同发育期果实中多酚类物质的含量及组成和VC含量及抗氧化活性进行分析测定。结果表明,供试各品种枣果实中总酚、总黄酮、VC含量和抗氧化活性均在采摘初期（幼果期）为最高,其后随着果实的发育呈逐渐下降趋势。其中总酚、总黄酮含量在绿熟期前下降迅速,绿熟期以后变化趋缓,果实接近成熟时则趋于平稳,全红期果实可较采摘初期降低60%以上;VC含量和抗氧化活性在白熟期前下降较快,白熟期后降幅变小。高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）分析结果显示,儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁是供试各品种枣果实中最主要的酚类物质,这些酚类物质含量在枣果实发育过程中也呈下降趋势,但在不同品种间存在较大差异。供试枣果实抗氧化活性与其中的总酚、总黄酮、VC以及儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁等主要酚类物质的含量均存在极显著相关关系（P＜0.01）,其中尤以芦丁、表儿茶素、儿茶素与抗氧化活性的相关性较高,说明芦丁、表儿茶素、儿茶素等多酚类物质是枣果中最主要的抗氧化活性成分。磨盘枣、葫芦枣具有较高的多酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性,鸡心枣具有较高的VC含量,是功能性枣果及其加工制品生产的理想品种。     

Polyphenoloxidase Activity, Polyphenols Concentration and Browning Intensity during Soursop (Annona muricata, L.) Maturation

Values for polyphenoloxidase (PPO), total phenols and ascorbic acid, browning intensity and pH in soursops (Annona muricata, L.) decreased during maturation. Optimum pH was 7.5 (fully developed immature, mature unripe and ripe fruits) or 7.0 (fully ripe fruits). High correlation was found between PPO activity and phenolic compounds. The enzymic browning of soursops occurred during maturation. The least browning intensity was in fully ripe fruits.     

Chemical studies on the unripe and ripe fruits of Dennettia tripatela (pepper fruit)

The proximate composition, as well as some mineral, vitamin and anti-nutritional constituents in unripe and ripe fruits of Dennettia tripatela have been investigated. Moisture in the flesh of the fruit varied narrowly, ranging between 81% in the unripe and 82% in the ripe. The unripe and ripe seeds had about 25% and 71% lower moisture contents when compared with the unripe and ripe flesh, respectively. The crude protein and lipid contents in the unripe flesh were 4% DM and 2% DM, respectively; however, the corresponding values in the unripe seed represented 275% and 200% increases. Protein, lipid, fibre and ascorbic acid contents were generally higher in both the flesh and seed of ripe fruits. Tannin and oxalate contents in the flesh of ripe fruits represented about 100% and 50% increases, respectively, over corresponding values in the unripe fruit. The hydrocyanic acid contents tended to decrease from the flesh to the seeds and also from the unripe to the ripe fruits. The values for mineral contents varied widely, but calcium, magnesium and iron were present in appreciable quantities.     

Textural Characteristic,Antioxidant Activity,Sugar, Organic Acid,and Phenolic Profiles of 10 Promising Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Selections

Abstract: Ten promising jujubes were analyzed for textural characteristic (hardness), antioxidant activity, sugar, organic acid, and phenolic profiles. Total phenolic content (TP) measured by Folin–Ciocalteu method ranged from 275.6 to 541.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g fresh weight (mg GAE/100 g FW). Four sugars (rhamnose, fructose, sucrose, and glucose), 3 organic acids (malic, citric, and succinic acids), and 11 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin) were identified and quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography in jujube fruits. The results showed that ascorbic acid and proanthocyanidins contents were positively correlated with hardness, and antioxidant activity was well correlated with TP content. Among 10 jujube cultivars, Zizyphus jujuba cv. Qingjianmuzao is good for direct consumption containing high levels of total soluble solids, total sugars, fructose, and glucose, while Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jiaxianmuzao could be an important dietary source of natural antioxidants. Practical Application: Genotype is the main factor influencing the composition of bioactive compounds in jujubes. Zizyphus jujuba cv. Qingjianmuzao is good for direct consumption, while Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jiaxianmuzao could be an important dietary source of natural antioxidants for prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress.     

贮藏后期苹果的多酚组成及抗氧化性研究

对贮藏后期苹果不同部位的多酚组成及抗氧化性进行了初步研究。首先，利用HPLC和Folin—Ciocalteu法对苹果皮、肉及籽中多酚组成及含量进行了分析。之后，利用DPPH法时其抗氧化性也进行了检测。结果表明，贮藏后期苹果籽和肉中多酚类以绿原酸、花色素、栎精糖苷、儿茶素类为主，皮中多酚以绿原酸、根皮苷为主，而且苹果肉、籽中总酚含量远大于皮中总酚。总酚清除DPPH-自由基的能力也与其含量成正比。     

Volatile constituents of unripe and ripe kundang fruits (Bouea macrophylla Griffith)

Kundang, a seasonal, tropical fruit is consumed either as raw (unripe) or ripe in south-east Asia. Investigations performed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed volatile constituent compounds in ripe fruits to be much higher than unripe fruits. Nearly 82 compounds (comprising 99.96% of the total volatiles) and 121 compounds (encompassing 97.33% of the total volatiles) were identified in unripe and ripe fruits, respectively. Results generated is envisaged to enhance the existing database on tropical fruits volatile profiles, as well as benefit local food industries (to exploit the unique fragrance character impact compounds for aroma essence production) for commercial usage.     

Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in Selected Industrial Processing and Fresh Consumption Tomato Cultivars

Four selected fresh consumption tomato varieties, harvested at different ripening stages (green, breaker, pink, red) and five industrial processing tomato varieties, harvested at red ripe stage, were analysed for lycopene and its isomers, β-carotene, total and individual phenolics, vitamin C and hydrophilic antioxidant activity. Tomato variety and ripening stage significantly affected carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and hydrophilic antioxidant activity when fresh consumption tomatoes were compared. The average of total lycopene content at the different ripening stages was 0.63, 12.20, 26.76 and 116.66 mg/kg of fresh weight (FW). Vitamin C ranged from 2.79 (breaker Cherry Pera) to 297.62 (red Cherry Pera) mg/kg FW. In green and breaker tomatoes, a positive correlation of hydrophilic antioxidant activity with vitamin C and chlorogenic acid was observed. However, in industrial tomato varieties (red ripe stage) and fresh consumption varieties harvested at pink and red stages, hydrophilic antioxidant activity was correlated with total phenolics and rutin. Tomato varieties for industrial processing did not show significant differences in total phenolic compounds and lycopene content. Lycopene ranged from 83.17 to 97.60 mg/kg FW, while total phenolic compounds varied between 257.91 and 284.13 mg/kg FW. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were the most abundant individual phenolics found in all the samples studied. Moreover, the content of total phenolics was always significantly correlated with the content of rutin. The amounts of all individual phenolics were affected by variety, with the exception of ferulic acid. Generally, these individual phenolics were more abundant in green and intermediate ripening stages, decreasing in full red tomatoes.     

低温真空膨化与自然干制对红枣抗氧化活性的影响

目的：研究低温真空膨化和自然干制对红枣抗氧化成分及活性的影响,为生产加工优质枣产品和低温真空膨化技术在红枣加工方面应用提供科学依据。方法：以矮化密植枣树所得枣果为材料,采用Folin-Ciocalteu与NaNO2-Al(NO3)3法测定总酚、总黄酮含量;通过DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+•清除能力、总还原力和抗亚油酸过氧化能力等指标表征枣果抗氧化能力;采用高效液相色谱法对酚类化合物进行定性定量分析。结果：红枣经膨化后总酚含量显著增加,而总黄酮未发生明显变化,自然干制使总酚、总黄酮含量显著降低。膨化枣DPPH自由基清除能力和总还原力显著优于鲜枣和自然干制枣,自然干制处理使红枣ABTS+•清除能力和β-胡萝卜-亚油酸抗氧化活性显著低于膨化枣与鲜枣。膨化枣中总酚、总黄酮和抗氧化能力显著高于自然干制枣。干制处理使枣果中酚类化合物组成发生明显变化,膨化枣中没食子酸、对羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芦丁、肉桂酸和槲皮素的含量最高。相关性研究表明鲜枣与干制枣中抗氧化活性与总酚、总黄酮显著相关。结论：低温真空膨化枣含有丰富的酚类化合物与最高抗氧化能力,且加工时间短,口感酥脆香甜。综上所述,低温真空膨化技术可作为一种可用于规模化干制枣的现代化加工技术。     

Phenolic Profiles,Antioxidant Activities,and Neuroprotective Properties of Mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) Fruit Extracts from Different Ripening Stages

The present work investigated the phenolic profiles (including nonanthocyanin and anthocyanin phenolics), antioxidant activities, and neuroprotective potential of mulberry fruit (MF) (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) grown in China at different ripening stages. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC‐MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total monomeric anthocyanin content (TAC) were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The neuroprotective effects of MFs at different ripening stages were investigated using Aβ_25‐35‐treated PC12 cells as the cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Of the 19 phenolic compounds characterized from the MF extracts, the contents of rutin and anthocyanins increased and that of chlorogenic acid decreased significantly with maturity. At the fully ripened stage, MF extracts showed the highest amounts of TPC (11.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g fresh weight), TFC (15.1 mg rutin equivalents/g fresh weight), and TAC (1177 mg cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside equivalents/100 g fresh weight). Meanwhile, antioxidant activity of MF extracts at this stage was highest according to ABTS (an IC50 value of 4.11 μg/mL) and DPPH (an IC50 value of 10.08 μg/mL) assays. Cellular assays revealed increased cell viability in cells treated with the ripe MF extracts; compared with the control groups, the ripening fruits also increased the antioxidant enzyme levels in PC12 cells. Together, these results suggest that the antioxidant activities and neuroprotective properties of ripening MFs are related to the contents and types of phenolic compounds that are present in the fruits.     

Analysis of phenolic compounds including tannins,gallotannins and flavanols of Uapaca kirkiana fruit

Tannins and phenolic acids were extracted from Uapaca kirkiana unripe pulp, seed coat, peel and embryo, as well as from ripe pulp, seed coat, embryo and peel portions of the fruit. Extraction was done using 50% methanol. More tannins were detected in the embryos of both ripe and raw fruit. Both ripe and raw seed coat contained the least amounts of tannins. The flavanoids and gallotannins also followed the same trend, with most of them in the embryos of both, the ripe and raw, fruit portions whilst the least were found in the seed coat. Tannins were, however lost during sun-drying compared to oven-drying, even though the differences were not very large. Also, raw fruits showed high concentrations of tannins compared to the ripe fruits. Hydroxybenzoic acid was found in the peel and pulp but none was detected in the seed coat or in the embryo. Similar phenolic acids were detected in the seed coat, except for caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid, detected in the embryo by both the UV florescence and Folin spray.