低脂无糖保健酸奶的研制

在酸奶配方的基础上,利用低聚果糖和木糖醇配比以取代全部的蔗糖,利用脱脂乳粉部分取代全脂乳粉,采用多因素正交试验设计出低脂无糖保健酸奶的最佳配方。结果表明：采用低聚果糖和木糖醇配比为1.5%和4.0%,脱脂乳粉和全脂乳粉配比为4.5%和4.0%,低脂无糖保健酸奶的感官品质最佳。     

低脂无糖保健酸奶的研制

在酸奶配方的基础上,利用低聚果糖和木糖醇配比以取代全部的蔗糖,利用脱脂乳粉部分取代全脂乳粉,采用多因素正交试验设计出低脂无糖保健酸奶的最佳配方。结果表明：采用低聚果糖和木糖醇配比为1．5％：4．0％,脱脂乳粉和全脂乳粉配比为4．5：4．0％,低脂无糖保健酸奶的感官品质最佳。     

模糊数学评价法优化刺梨酸奶片工艺研究

以刺梨粉、酸奶粉和复合甜味剂为主要原料,通过单因素实验、正交实验和模糊数学感官法优化刺梨酸奶片的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:对刺梨酸奶片影响顺序为刺梨添加量刺梨添加量复合甜味剂添加量;最优配方:刺梨粉添加量为3%,酸奶粉添加量为75%,复合甜味剂添加量为18%,麦芽糊精为4%(均为质量分数)。在此条件下,刺梨酸奶片色泽均匀、酸甜可口、含化时间适宜、携带方便且具有刺梨和酸奶的营养价值。     

百香果酸奶溶豆的制备和加工工艺研究

本文以百香果和酸奶为原料,脱脂乳粉、乳清蛋白粉、白砂糖、果胶、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯、单双甘油脂肪酸酯和益生菌等为辅料,研制百香果酸奶溶豆。以感官评分和速溶性为评价指标,先通过单因素试验确定百香果果汁、脱脂乳粉、白砂糖的添加量以及冻结方式、冷冻时间、干燥温度,再进行正交试验得到最优配方和最佳生产工艺。结果显示,百香果酸奶溶豆的最佳制作配方为百香果果汁2%、白砂糖8%、脱脂乳粉8%、乳清蛋白粉5%、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯4%、单双甘油脂肪酸酯2%、益生菌1%、果胶1%及纯净水60%。最佳生产工艺为冷风机冷冻12 h,冻干温度为55 ℃。该配方和加工工艺制作出来的百香果酸奶溶豆色泽美观,入口即化,营养丰富,具有一定推广价值。     

浑浊型无籽刺梨果汁饮料的研制

以无籽刺梨为原料加工浑浊型果汁饮料,通过模糊数学综合评判法筛选出无籽刺梨果汁的最佳配方,并采用单因素和正交试验方法,确定稳定剂最佳配比。结果得出,原汁浓度15%、糖含量10%、总酸含量0.16%、稳定剂(黄原胶:卡拉胶=1:2)添加量0.09%,制备得到的浑浊型无籽刺梨果汁酸甜适宜,具有无籽刺梨特征香气,口味醇和,组织均匀,稳定性好。     

绿豆桂圆果肉酸奶的研制

根据搅拌型酸奶的制造原理,以辉山自营牧场的优质鲜牛奶为原料,适量添加白砂糖、脱脂乳粉、稳定剂,经乳酸茵发酵后加入绿豆沙和桂圆果内,研制出具有绿豆桂圆的保健功能、营养丰富的酸奶制品.     

发酵型海带、黑芝麻酸奶冻的研究

利用海带、脱脂乳粉为主要原料,选择海带与水的料液比、蔗糖和脱脂乳粉的添加量3个因素,采用 L9(34)正交设计,对发酵型海带、黑芝麻酸奶冻的工艺条件进行了研究.结果表明,选择1:20海带与水的料液比,加入质量分数6%的蔗糖,质量分数13%的脱脂乳粉,接种5%的乳酸菌发酵剂,42℃发酵24 h,发酵后加入琼脂、蔗糖、黑芝麻.由此制得的发酵型海带、黑芝麻酸奶冻具有牛奶特有的乳白色,凝块软硬适度,入口即化,营养丰富.     

响应面优化亚麻籽油凝固型酸奶的制备工艺

以亚麻籽油和脱脂乳粉为主要原料,以酸奶的感官评分为评价指标,考察亚麻籽油添加量、接种量、白砂糖添加量对酸奶感官品质的影响,并采用响应面分析法确定最优工艺。结果表明:酸奶的最佳生产工艺为以脱脂乳粉和水(质量比为1∶7)的总质量为基准,发酵温度42℃、发酵时间6.5 h、亚麻籽油添加量1.30%、白砂糖添加量4.16%、接种量1.59%。在此工艺条件下,亚麻籽油酸奶的感官评分为91、酸度为83°T、乳酸菌总数为1.85×10~6 CFU/g、α-亚麻酸含量为6.45 mg/g。     

凝固型牛油果酸奶的研制

以脱脂乳粉、全脂乳粉和牛油果浆为主要原料,研究凝固型牛油果酸奶的最佳配方。以感官评价为指标,通过不同单因素实验和正交试验确定酸奶的最佳配方。结果表明:牛油果浆影响最大,其次为蔗糖和接种量。酸奶的最佳配方:牛油果浆添加量为5%,蔗糖添加量为6%,接种量为0.03‰,在43℃发酵6h,所得酸奶的品质最佳。在此条件下可以制得浅绿色、凝乳均匀、营养丰富的牛油果酸奶。     

刺五加酸奶的研制

以刺五加为研究对象,经碳酸氢钠溶液、氯化钠溶液降低其酸度后,干燥成粉末,与脱脂乳粉、白砂糖、水混合生产酸奶。研究发现,降低酸度的最佳方案为4%碳酸氢钠,40℃浸泡1 h,然后3%氯化钠溶液常温浸泡2 h,最后水常温浸泡3 h。酸乳调配的最佳配比为3%刺五加粉、11%脱脂乳粉、8%白砂糖、3%乳酸菌。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the