聚丙烯/纳米蒙脱土复合材料的超声研究

文章对用溶体插层方法制备的聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行了超声实验研究。对一组采用不同蒙脱土掺杂比及不同方法掺杂的样品用超声脉冲回波法和声显微法测量了在不同频率下的纵波、横波声速,计算了这组样品的剪切模量、杨氏模量、泊松比和声品质因数,并据此分析了材料的特点。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及结构

本文对钠基蒙脱土(Na—MMT)和经有机化处理过的有机蒙脱土(Org—MMT)分别与PP熔融共混进行研究，发现钠基蒙脱土和有机蒙脱土对PP力学性能有大幅度提高。同时，Na-MMT诱发了PP部分结晶晶型转变，经X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察，发现Na—MMT和Org-MMT填充PP的粒子形态和界面形态有显著差别。     

聚丙烯/聚乙二醇改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学和流变性能

通过熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜表征了PP/MMT纳米复合材料的插层结构。XRD结果表明,经过聚乙二醇(PEG)处理的蒙脱土层间距增大;透射电镜(TEM)照片显示,蒙脱土在PP基体中达到纳米级分散,且分散均匀。PP/MMT纳米复合材料力学性能得到较大提高。加入5份改性MMT时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别从纯PP的3.93kJ/m2、74.46%提高到9.95kJ/m2、220.66%。动态流变性能测试结果表明,MMT的加入降低了PP的复数黏度(η*)、储能模量(G′)和耗能模量(G″)。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用DSC研究了聚丙烯及聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的非等温结晶行为。结果表明,纳米分散的硅酸盐片层在很少的加入量时即可提高复合材料的结晶度,使复合材料的结晶温度升高,与此同时,无机物含量仅为1％时即可明显加快复合材料的结晶速率。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和表征

用熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。X射线衍射测试(XRD)表明,制备的纳米复合材料均为插层型。扫描电镜(SEM)观测到纳米复合材料没有明显的有机无机相畴,即蒙脱土和聚丙烯有较好的相容性。差热分析测试(DSC)表明,蒙脱土的加入,对复合材料的熔点影响不大。热重分析测试(TGA)表明,蒙脱土的加入,使复合材料的热稳定性得到很大提高。动态热机械分析测试(DMTA)表明,蒙脱土的加入使储存模量得到很大提高,玻璃化转变温度略有下降。     

聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

以马来酸酐接枝低分子量的聚丙烯(M APP)为相容剂,采用熔融插层法,制备了聚丙烯(PP)/有机蒙脱土(OMM T)纳米复合材料;采用微机控制电子万能试验机、悬臂梁冲击试验机研究了复合材料的力学性能;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和偏光显微镜(POM)等对复合材料的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,熔融插层法能够获得较好的插层效果,适量蒙脱土的加入使聚丙烯的球晶数量增多,球晶尺寸变小;复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度都是先增加后降低,总体上来说,拉伸强度高于纯聚丙烯,冲击强度与纯聚丙烯相近。     

聚丙烯／尼龙6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的加工流变性能和微结构研究

采用有机改性的层状硅酸盐与聚丙烯／尼龙6通过熔融插层成功制备了剥离型纳米复合材料，并发现相容剂马来酸酐改性聚丙烯（MPP）的加入使材料具有良好的加工流变性能。采用X射线衍射（XRD）及正电子淹没寿命谱（PALS）等方法研究了材料的微观结构，结果表明，加入相容剂MPP后，材料的自由体积浓度显著降低，平均孔洞大小则略有增加，这与MPP与基体分子间较强的相互作用密切相关。     

纳米蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料热氧老化动力学

对熔融插层法所制备的纳米蒙脱土/聚丙烯（OMMT1/PP）复合材料, 分别在100℃、 110℃、 120℃进行0～12d的热氧老化, 考察其热性能、 热稳定性、 拉伸强度的衰减及其动力学。TG、 DSC、 FTIR分析结果表明: 纳米OMMT1/PP复合材料比PP的热分解温度升高37℃, 结晶度由51%提高到71%, 而且有机化的纳米MMT片层与PP之间存在较强的作用, 因此热氧作用的C O吸收峰明显弱化, 表面轻微开裂。100～120℃老化后OMMT1/PP的强度保持率大大优于纯聚丙烯材料（8~22倍）, OMMT1/PP 110℃老化12d后拉伸强度仍然达54％。建立了以拉伸强度?问腛MMT1/PP热氧老化的一级反应动力学方程, 其热氧老化反应的活化能为52.3kJ/mol, 为PP的1.7倍。分析认为: OMMT1/PP较高的活化能值以及优良的抗热氧老化能力来自其剥离型纳米化MMT片层对PP的力学?ぷ饔谩?物理阻隔效应以及OMMT1与PP之间化学交互作用的综合结果。      

原位聚合制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其结构性能表征

首先制备MMT／MgCl2／TiCl4插层催化剂，并通过原位聚合的方法制得聚丙烯(PP)／蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料。XRD和TEM分析结果表明，蒙脱土在聚丙烯基体中被剥离并成纳米级分散。在低于80℃左右时，PP／MMT纳米复合材料的储能模量明显高于纯聚丙烯的储能模量。PP／MMT复合材料的玻璃化温度比纯PP提高了2℃～5℃。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

对聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构、特性和制备方法做了介绍 ,并对其基础理论和应用开发研究的最新进展状况做了综述     

Properties of silane grafted polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding using organosilane modified polypropylene (PP-g-VTES) as compatibilizing agent. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile modulus, and Izod impact strength. Addition of PP-g-VTES improved clay dispersion, as shown by the distribution of platelets per particle, and improve the interaction between clay and polymer matrix. Crystallization peak temperature (T_p) was increased in 10 °C using PP-g-VTES as compatibilizing agent. However the crystallization process and its rate were unmodified. The tensile modulus of compatibilized nanocomposite is 1.5 times higher compared to pure PP.     

Effect of compound organification of montmorillonite on the structure and properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

In this paper, reactive organic montmorillonite (RMMT), prepared with compound alkylammoniums, were used in ternary-monomer solid phase graft copolymerization in order to enhance the melting intercalation of montmorillonite (MMT), stabilize the intercalated structure, and prepare the exfoliated polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/MMT) nanocomposites (PPMN). The structure and properties of PPMN were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Results show that the compound organification, solid phase graft copolymerization really favored the melting intercalation. The compound organification and exothermic process of the solid phase copolymerization promoted the melting intercalation. The mechanical properties, melt flow rate and Vicat softening point of PPMN significantly had a preferable reinforced state at 6–8 phr PP/MMT graft copolymers (PPGM). The increase of the mechanical properties and thermal properties was owed to the reinforcement of the exfoliated MMT and the compatibilization of the oligomers built by the polar monomers during the solid phase graft copolymerization. The improvement of the fluidity of PPMN derived from the plasticization of the exfoliated MMT and oligomers. Translated from Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2006, 20(2): 197–202 [译自: 材料研究学报]     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用复合季胺盐制备反应性有机蒙脱土并参与三单体固相接枝聚合,加强蒙脱土（MMT）的熔融插层和稳定MMT的插层结构,制备剥离型的聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料（PPMN）．通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）,透射电镜（TEM）等测试手段研究了PPMN的结构和性能．结果表明：复合有机化和固相接枝的确加强了MMT的熔融插层．MMT的复合有机化和固相接枝的放热过程有助于MMT层间涨大和MMT剥离结构的形成．当PPGM的添加量在6—8phr时,PPMN的力学性能、流动性能和热性能达到一个较好的增强状态．PPMN力学性能和热性能的提高归功于剥离的蒙脱土的增强作用和接枝低聚物原位形成的界面增容作用;PPMN流动性能的改善来源于剥离的蒙脱土和固相接枝形成的低聚物的增塑作用．     

Characterization and finite element modeling of montmorillonite/polypropylene nanocomposites

Finite element modeling can be a useful tool for predicting the behavior of composite materials and arriving at desirable filler contents for maximizing mechanical performance. In the present study, to corroborate finite element analysis results, quantitative information on the effect of reinforcing polypropylene (PP) with various proportions of nanoclay (in the range of 3–9% by weight) is obtained through experiments; in particular, attention is paid to the Young’s modulus, tensile strength and failure strain. Micromechanical finite element analysis combined with Monte Carlo simulation have been carried out to establish the validity of the modeling procedure and accuracy of prediction by comparing against experimentally determined stiffness moduli of nanocomposites. In the same context, predictions of Young’s modulus yielded by theoretical micromechanics-based models are compared with experimental results. Macromechanical modeling was done to capture the non-linear stress–strain behavior including failure observed in experiments as this is deemed to be a more viable tool for analyzing products made of nanocomposites including applications of dynamics.     

Electromagnetic absorption efficiency of polypropylene/montmorillonite/polypyrrole nanocomposites

Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties have been studied for two types of polypropylene composites containing conducting phase. One type comprised conducting polymer–polypyrrole while the second employed montmorillonite particles coated with conducting polymer–polypyrrole. Composites’ shielding properties were estimated based on their previously determined electromagnetic characteristics. Unlike a basic binary polypropylene/polypyrrole composite, the ternary sample with multicomponent montmorillonite particles exhibits higher dielectric losses and consequently a significant rise in shielding efficiency in the radio-frequency range of 0.1–1.5 GHz. This stems from the presence of highly polarizable multicomponent montmorillonite anisotropic lamellar particles with polypyrrole conducting layer, which considerably increases the complex permittivity of the composite.     

阻燃聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融挤出法制备出了膨胀阻燃剂/聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土(IFR/PP/OMMT)阻燃纳米复合材料,XRD分析表明,蒙脱土的层间距扩大,复合材料进入其层闻,形成了纳米复合材料;结果表明,当复合材料中IFR含量为25%时,加入4%的OMMT体系的缺口冲击强度为7.8kJ/m2,拉伸强度为25.3MPa,弯曲模量为1520MPa,极限氧指数(LOI)提高到26,而耐热性也得到提高,复合材料的综合性能最好;通过对膨胀炭层的SEM分析表明,OMMT可以使炭层更加紧密,阻燃性能进一步提高.     

Melt processing of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites modified with maleated polypropylene compatibilizers

Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and organically modified clay composites were prepared in a plasticorder. PPgMAs, including PB3150, PB3200, PB3000, and E43, with a wide range of MA content and molecular weight were used. The structure was investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PPgMA compatibilizers gave rise to similar degree of dispersion beyond the weight ratio of 3 to 1 with the exception of E43, which had the highest MA content and the lowest molecular weight. It was found that thermal instability and high melt index were responsible for ineffective modification by E43. Furthermore, PPgMA with low melting point and high melt index was compounded at low equilibrium temperature in order to maintain a certain level of torque. We then modified polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites with different levels of PPgMA compatibilizers on a twin-screw extruder. The PP/E43/clay system, as shown through XRD patterns and TEM observation, yielded the poorest clay dispersion among the compatibilizers under investigation. The relative complex viscosity curves also revealed a systematic trend with the extent of exfoliation and showed promise for quantifying the hybrid structure of the nanocomposites. Mechanical properties and thermal stability were determined by dynamical mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Though PPgMA with lower molecular weight and higher MA content could lead to good clay dispersion in PP/clay composites, it caused the deterioration in both mechanical and thermal properties of PP/PPgMA/clay composites.