超重力反应共沉淀法制备纳米尖晶石锰酸锂

分别以硝酸锂(LiNO3)和硝酸锰(Mn(NO3)2)为锂源和锰源,碳酸铵为沉淀剂,在螺旋通道型旋转床中进行共沉淀反应制备了尖晶石LiMn2O4前驱体,然后在微波马弗炉中750℃煅烧2h可得到纳米尖晶石LiMn2O4。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对样品进行表征。结果表明,采用超重力反应共沉淀法可以获得结晶度高、粒径均匀、平均粒径约为60nm的纳米尖晶石LiMn2O4粉体。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石型锰酸锂的研究进展

尖晶石型锰酸锂具有独特的三维锂离子扩散通道,作为锂离子电池正极材料具有良好的充放电循环性能,且具有原材料价格便宜,对环境无污染等优点,使其成为最有希望替代LiCoO2的正极材料。尖晶石型LiMn2O4的制备方法成为近年来研究的重点,其中溶胶-凝胶法具有突出的优越性。简述了溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理,综述了溶胶-凝胶法在锰酸锂的制备及改性上的研究进展。     

固相合成锰酸锂的反应动力学研究

采用动态多重扫描速率法,测试了Li2CO3和MnO2混合物在四个不同升温速率下的DSC曲线,结合TG分析,认为合成LiMn2O4的固相反应分四个阶段进行.用微分法中的Kissinger法与积分法中的Ozawa法分别计算合成过程中各个反应阶段的活化能,其平均值分别为:620.5,341.1,426.1,450.6kJ·mol-1,结果表明:反应开始时,部分Li2CO3的催化分解反应最难发生.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石锂锰氧正极材料

以丙氨酸为螯合剂采用软化学法制备了锂锰氧化物.XRD分析结果表明所合成的产物为尖晶石型锰酸锂;采用SEM对产物的形貌进行了表征,结果表明所合成产物主要为棒状,且颗粒大小分布均匀.通过FT-IR及TG/DTA等手段初步探讨了产物的合成机理.采用循环充放电测试考察了产物的电化学性能,结果表明采用此法制备的产物具有优异的电化学性能.     

湿化学法合成富锂和掺铝尖晶石型锰酸锂及其电性能的改善

采用湿化学法–后续热处理技术, 合成了尖晶石型锰酸锂正极材料Li_1.035Mn_1.965O₄ 和Li_1.035Al_0.035Mn_1.930O₄。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明这两种材料呈现出良好的尖晶石型结构。透射电子显微镜(TEM)表明Li_1.035Al_0.035Mn_1.930O₄材料具有很好的结晶态。充放电测试表明Li_1.035Al_0.035Mn_1.930O₄材料具有优良的循环性能和倍率性能: 以0.5C充放电, 经过100次循环后放电容量保持率为96.4%, 经过4C放电后仍然能够保持0.5C放电态容量的79.6%。     

尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减原因及对策

尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减的原因包括活性物质的化学稳定性和结构稳定性两方面。其中HF是造成活性物质化学溶解的主要原因,尖晶石结构发生变化也导致容量衰减,而尖晶石材料的化学不稳定性往往会促成结构的变化。掺杂(体相、表面相)和富锂相结合的方案能更有效地抑制尖晶石LiMn2O4的容量衰减。     

球形尖晶石LiMn2O4的制备及性能

通过氧化还原法在室温下制备出球形MnO2前驱体,以LiOH·H2O为锂源,按照一定锂锰摩尔比混合,在750℃下焙烧8h,得到球形尖晶石LiMn2O4.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对MnO2和LiMn2O4进行了表征,并对LiMn2O4样品做了充放电性能及循环性能测试.结果表明:合成的样品以球形颗粒存在,粒度大小均匀,分散性和流动性好;首次充放电比容量分别为130.5和128.2 mAh·g-1,充放电效率为98.2%,50次循环后容量保持率为90%,球形LiMn2O4具有较高的比容量和优良的循环性能.     

球形尖晶石LiMn2O4的制备及其改性

通过制备球形高密度前驱体MnCO3, 并对其预烧, 得到球形高密度、高活性的尖晶石LiMn2O4, 密度>1.8·cm-3, 纯相初始容量达125mAh·g-1.通过对前驱体MnCO3的体相掺杂和对预烧产品Mn2O3的表面包覆, 制备得到体相掺杂和表相掺杂的尖晶石锂锰氧, 其循环及高温性能得到明显改善.与体相掺杂相比, 表相掺杂能更有效地抑制容量衰减, 常温100个循环仍有109mAh·g-1, 容量保持率为92.4%; 高温55℃, 50个循环仍有95mAh·g-1, 容量保持率为82.6%.     

喷雾干燥法制备富锂正极材料及其电化学性能

用喷雾干燥法制备Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂富锂正极材料并表征其结构、形貌以及电化学性能,研究了烧结温度对材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明：这种正极材料具有良好的层状结构,一次颗粒粒径为100 nm左右且分布均匀,样品的首次放电比容量为220.2 mAh/g,库伦效率为72.5%,18个循环后容量保持率为96.8%。电化学阻抗和循环伏安特性的测试结果表明,这种正极材料具有良好的电化学性能。     

尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减的原因及解决方法

尖晶石LiMn2O4被认为是最具发展前景的锂离子电池正极材料,但其容量衰减快和循环性能差是制约其商品化的主要原因.分析了尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减快和循环性能差的原因,将其归结为内因和外因;在此基础上,从离子掺杂、表面修饰、电解液改性、合成工艺优化几个方面讨论了改善尖晶石LiMn2O4性能的解决方法.     

球形锰酸锂的制备及高温性能研究

通过氧化还原法在室温下制备出球形MnO2前驱体,以LiOH·H2O为锂源,按照一定锂锰摩尔比混合,在750℃下焙烧8h,得到球形尖晶石LiMn2O4.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对MnO2和LiMn2O4进行了表征,并对LiMn2O4样品在室温和高温下作了充放电性能测试.结果表明:合成的样品以球形颗粒存在,粒度大小均匀,分散性和流动性好;室温和高温条件下首次放电比容量分别为128.2和125.0mAh/g,50次循环后容量保持率分别为90%和68%,球形LiMn2O4在室温和高温下均具有较高的比容量和优良的循环性能.     

Influence of formulation variables on the morphology of biodegradable microparticles prepared by spray drying

The preparation of microparticles of the biodegradable poly-DL-lactide (PLA) and polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) polymers using spray-drying technology was studied. Formulation parameters investigated include polymer type, polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, and viscosity. Microparticles were characterized using electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. Kinematic viscosity was determined for each of the sprayed polymer solutions. Polymer molecular weight and polymer concentration were found to be important parameters when preparing PLA and PLGA microparticles using spray-drying technology.     

Synthesis and characterization of copper substituted lithium manganate spinels

LiCu _x Mn_2−x O₄ samples were synthesized by the acrylamide sol–gel process. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies, TG/DTA. Cells were made with the samples using LiPF₆ in propylene carbonate. Charge-Discharge and Capacity fading studies were made on the cells.     

Preparation of functional nanostructured particles by spray drying

When particle dimensions are reduced to the order of several nanometers, their physical and chemical properties deviate significantly from the bulk properties of such materials. Because of this, there is abundant potential for their use in future technologies including electronic and optoelectronic, mechanical, chemical, cosmetic, medical, drug, and food technologies. However, due to their extremely small sizes, the particles suffer from many problems related to their surface and thermal stability, shape preservation, handling, assembly in devices, etc. It is therefore an important challenge to solve these problems by developing slightly larger particles (e. g. on the submicrometer scale) in which the properties generated by the nanoscale material are preserved. One approach to this is to trap nanoparticles in a micrometer-sized inert matrix. This approach allows the nanoscale properties to be retained, since nanoparticles are separated from each other in the inert matrix. The inert matrix also serves as a coating medium that inhibits any chemical changes to the surface of the nanoparticles. Their larger size allows easy handling or assembly in devices. A promising method for designing and fabricating these composite structures is a spray method, in which spherical particles can be produced. In this paper, we review the nanostructural processing (synthesis) of submicrometersized particles by a spray method, which provides a restricted reaction environment (such as pores or cages) in the matrix for their synthesis and handling. The characterization and potential applications of these composites are also discussed.