光氧化预处理对神府煤生物转化的影响

用黄孢原毛平革菌(PC菌)对光氧化预处理神府煤进行了生物转化研究。采用元素分析、腐殖酸含量测定、红外分析,以及对降解后残液的紫外分析等分析方法研究了神府煤生物转化残煤的组成和结构,对比了氧气及氧气与氨气混合气体对紫外光氧化预处理的神府煤生物转化性能的影响。结果表明,紫外氧化预处理可以促进神府煤的生物转化。与单纯氧气氛相比,氨气存在下,光氧化预处理可更有效地促进神府煤的生物转化。     

马来酸酐对神府煤液相研磨接枝改性的研究

为了加强神府煤的材料化利用 ,对马来酸酐的液相接枝改性神府煤进行了研究。研究发现 :随着接枝时间的增加 ,接枝率逐渐增加 ;随着马来酸酐的增加 ,接枝率也逐渐增加 ,但当马来酸酐 /神府煤质量比增加到1 8/ 5时 ,接枝率趋于平稳     

改性大豆分离蛋白可生物降解材料的降解性研究

用邻苯二甲酸酐改性大豆分离蛋白(SPI)制备了SPI可生物降解材料。采用霉菌生长法、水性土壤培养液法和自然土埋法对SPI可生物降解材料的降解性能进行了表征。结果表明:SPI材料在3种降解方法中都表现出良好的降解性,其中霉菌生长法的降解率最大,水性土壤培养液法次之,自然土埋法降解率最小。     

神府煤生物转化用溶煤菌株的优选研究

为提高神府煤的生物转化率和产物的定向转化选择性,在固体无机盐培养基中,以神府风化煤为唯一碳源,采用平板划线法从分离自神府煤矿洗煤废水的47株茵中筛选出了3种溶煤效果较好的茵株XK-a、XK-b、XK-c.分别用这3种菌株在液体无机培养基中转化神府原煤和经光氧化6 h后的煤,结果发现XK-b具有较强的溶煤能力,并且对光氧化神府煤有更强的转化能力,光氧化煤的生物转化率最高达到22.7%,水溶性产物经NaOH溶液调pH值后碱沉淀物产率可达17.5%.光氧化煤经XK-b转化前后的FTIR分析表明,光氧化煤和XK-b转化残煤的光谱特征非常相似,但其经XK-b转化产生的水溶性物质的醚键结构与光氧化煤有明显差别,羟基官能团明显增加.     

改性农用保水剂生物降解性能研究

以淀粉、海藻酸钠、羽毛蛋白、4A沸石等为原料通过对丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺类保水剂进行改性,制备一系列不同天然产物改性的农用保水剂,并对保水剂进行几种不同生物降解方式实验。微生物生长实验表明:单纯PAA/AM生物降解性能较差,淀粉接枝AA/AM、海藻酸钠接枝AA/AM、羽毛蛋白接枝AA/AM和矿物质改性均可大大提高树脂的降解性能;土壤掩埋降解实验和细菌培养液降解实验表明:细菌培养液降解法比土壤掩埋降解法得到的降解率高。     

酚醛树脂力化化学法改性神府煤粉的性能与应用

在神府煤粉中加入少量线型酚醛树脂在行星球磨上进行混合球磨,利用球磨过程中的力化学作用对煤粉进行表面改性,用傅立叶变换红外光谱、热重分析仪和激光粒度分布仪等对改性后煤粉进行了论证。热重分析表明改性煤粉的热稳定性提高;红外分析和粒度分析的结果变化不大。测定改性煤粉PF的最大接枝率和转化率分别为4.03%和80.60%。改性神府煤粉50%替代碳黑填充丁腈橡胶的性能较好。     

神府镜煤光氧化产物的组成和结构研究

在紫外光照射下,用氧气对神府镜煤进行了光催化氧化研究。探讨了氧化时间对氧化煤中腐植酸含量的影响。通过溶剂抽提,FTIR分析及GC/MS分析对神府镜煤光氧化产物进行了组成和结构分析。研究表明:控制光氧化时间,可以获得不同腐植酸含量的光氧化产物,在光氧化4 h时,镜煤中腐植酸含量最高;镜煤在光氧化产物过程中,芳香结构较难打开,主要是醚键等含氧官能团发生反应,生成羧基和甲基等。     

温度对神府煤微波辅助萃取影响的实验研究

为进一步研究温度对微波辅助萃取(microwave-assisted extraction,MAE)的影响,采用四氢呋喃作为萃取溶剂,在不同温度水平下对神府煤进行了微波辅助萃取实验研究。结合柱层析分离和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR),分别定量半定量分析研究了萃取温度对萃取物组成及萃取残煤化学结构的影响。结果表明:随着萃取温度的增加,神府煤的MAE萃取率在140℃下达到最高值,并在150℃左右受到活性含氧化合物(主要为萃取物极性组分)裂解反应的影响。随着萃取温度从100℃增加至140℃,萃取残煤中脂肪族化合物含量比芳香族化合物含量受萃取温度影响更为明显,而MAE萃取率则与萃取残煤中含氧官能团C=O与C—O的相对含量之比(β)存在反相关关系,这表明温度的升高明显促进了溶质内含C=O官能团与溶剂的溶剂-溶质相互作用。     

神府煤及其镜质组对制备炭吸附材料并联产氢气影响的实验研究

以神府煤为研究对象,通过实验考察不同活化温度对神府煤制备炭吸附材料性能和联产氢气的影响,并研究了在活化温度为700℃时,不同富集率的神府煤镜质组所制备的炭吸附材料吸附性能、形貌特征及气相产物成分。结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,神府原煤制备的炭吸附材料的吸附性能先增大后减小,活化温度为700℃时,制备出的炭吸附材料吸附性能较好;神府煤镜质组活化过程中,活化温度为700℃时,联产氢气含量随着镜质组富集率的增大而增大。     

微波辅助抽提煤的实验研究

在微波辅助下,以四氢呋喃、乙醇和乙酸为溶剂抽提神府煤,考察了抽提温度、抽提时间、溶剂用量及煤粒度对抽提率的影响;同时探讨了上述三种溶剂对不同变质程度的攀枝花煤、铜川煤、神府煤、华亭煤和依泰煤在微波辅助下的抽提效果.结果表明,抽提率在一定的抽提温度、时间、溶剂用量及煤粒度下均有最佳值;变质程度相似的煤在相同抽提条件下抽提率不同.运用红外光谱现代分析技术,对神府脱灰煤和其抽提残煤的结构特征进行了对比分析,结果表明,抽提并没有破坏煤的大分子结构;利用GC/MS测定了铜川煤的乙醇微波辅助抽提物的组成.     

神府煤对大豆分离蛋白质的吸附特性研究

采用静态吸附法探讨了神府煤粉(SFC)对大豆分离蛋白质(SPI)的吸附特性。研究了SPI溶液初始质量浓度(3.0—12.0 kg/m3)、温度(20、30、40、50℃)、pH值(4.0—9.0)等条件对吸附量的影响。结果表明,吸附平衡时间为12 h,适宜的pH值为6.0。SFC对SPI吸附过程为非自发的放热过程,吸附过程符合二级动力学模型。红外光谱分析表明,蛋白质分子主要通过C O和NH与煤大分子结构中的OH和C O对应形成2个活性位点的氢键作用,吸附于煤表面。     

多噬香鞘氨醇单胞菌降解陕西神府褐煤的工艺条件及产物研究

利用多噬香鞘氨醇单胞菌对陕西神府褐煤进行降解实验,通过单因素和正交实验确定了多噬香鞘氨醇单胞菌降解陕西神府褐煤的最佳工艺条件.煤样预处理采用10 mol/L硝酸氧化,煤样粒度为0.074 mm～0.125 mm,菌液量为8 mL/50 mL(培养基),降解时间为14 d,培养温度为35℃,培养方式为摇床培养,此时最大降...     

腐植酸微生物溶解研究

以泥炭及风化煤的腐植酸为研究对象，考察微生物溶煤机理及作用本质。用ＦＴ－ＩＲ，＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ等表征产物。微生物溶解腐植植酸同时有降解作用。腐植酸溶解产物有了表面活性和促进植物生长作用。     

Formation of porous structure of semicokes from pyrolysis of Turkish coals in different atmospheres

Activated carbons were obtained from Turkish coals by one-step steam pyrolysis process. The effect of the water vapor on the yield of the solid, liquid and gas products was studied. The presence of steam during pyrolysis-activation process contributes to distillation of low molecular weight products and reacts with the coal and the volatile products obtained during the pyrolysis. These processes lead to an increase in the yield of liquid and gas products and a decrease in the solid yield. The resulting carbons are determined to have good adsorption characteristics.     

微波辅助萃取煤的实验研究

在微波辅助下,以神府煤为主要研究对象,四氢呋喃、丙酮、甲醇为溶剂,考察了萃取温度、时间、溶剂量及煤粒度对萃取率的影响,结果显示:使上述3种沸点接近的不同溶剂萃取率达到最佳值,所需要的萃取温度、溶剂量及煤粒度相差大;同时探讨了以四氢呋喃、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,对不同变质程度煤的微波辅助萃取效果,结果是变质程度相似的煤在相同萃取条件下萃取率不同。运用红外光谱现代分析技术,对神府脱灰煤和四氢呋喃抽提残煤的结构进行对比分析,结果表明萃取并没有破坏煤的大分子结构。     

微波条件下氯化锌对乙醇抽提神府煤的影响

微波条件下,研究了在乙醇抽提神府煤中加入氯化锌对其结果的影响。采用气相色谱/质谱联用的方法分析了乙醇和乙醇-氯化锌抽提物的组成;利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了神府脱矿物质煤、乙醇抽余煤和乙醇-氯化锌抽余煤的结构。分析结果显示:在乙醇溶剂中添加少量的氯化锌,其抽提物的组成发生了改变;乙醇-氯化锌抽余煤与原脱矿物质煤和乙醇抽余煤相比,芳环吸收强度降低,表明在抽提过程中可能伴随着烷基化反应的发生。     

Structure of coals studied by iodine and water adsorption

Vitrinite in coal is considered as a macromolecular system exhibiting intermolecular microporosity. The surface of this microporosity reflects the structures of the macromolecular system. Adsorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide provide micropore volumes; adsorption of water and ammonia respond to surface polarity; adsorption of iodine responds to electron availability to form charge transfer complexes. Iodine was adsorbed, both from the vapour phase and aqueous KI solution, by a rank range of coals, fresh, oxidized and pyrolysed. Extents of iodine adsorption were greater from aqueous solution and increased with increasing coal rank to about 87wt% C and then decreased. Extents decreased with increasing severity of oxidation from both vapour and aqueous phases; extents of iodine adsorption increased with increasing heat treatment temperature of coal pyrolysis to decrease subsequently on charring and coking. Results are interpreted in terms of aromaticity of coals, the extent of cross-linkage, and mechanisms of oxidation and pyrolysis.     

煤体理化性质对其孔隙结构和甲烷吸附性能影响的研究进展

煤层气主要成分为甲烷（CH₄）,其主要以吸附态形式存在于煤层中。明确煤体理化性质和煤体孔隙结构及CH₄吸附性能间构效关系,对于高效开采CH₄资源至为关键。为此,本文阐明了煤体理化性质对其孔隙结构和CH₄吸附性能的作用规律,并指出了后续研究趋势。分析表明：煤体微孔结构和其CH₄吸附容量之间呈正线性相关性;煤体介/大孔主要影响CH₄在煤层内部的吸附/扩散速率。具有墨水瓶形孔或富含镜质体的煤体通常具有较强CH₄吸附性能。煤中矿物质和水分对煤体吸附性能产生不利影响。煤中小分子有机物的抽提能够提高煤体孔隙表面积和孔容积,进而提升煤体吸附性能。为了深入研究煤体理化性质及其吸附性能的作用规律,后续需开展以下工作：研究煤体孔隙结构参数和煤体吸附/解吸性能之间的耦合作用关系;利用多重分形理论精确揭示煤体内复杂的孔隙结构信息;优化并建立考虑煤体非均质性的BET和BJH等孔隙结构参数计算模型;以煤基质表面含氧官能团在煤体孔隙内部的赋存空间为切入点,阐明煤体官能团和孔隙结构对其CH₄吸附性能的协同作用规律;从理论模拟和实验科学入手,阐明煤层中水分对煤体孔隙结构的影响;建立更为科学的含水煤体吸附性能评价方法。     

Effects of glycerol on the minimization of water readsorption on sub-bituminous coal

The presence of water in coal presents a technological challenge for its industrial use in energetic processes. Water tends to negatively affect the coal quality and its net heating value (NHV), in addition to affecting its transportation costs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of glycerol and temperature on water adsorption onto systematically modified coals. A Colombian bituminous coal sample was used as support for being modified with glycerol. The virgin coal and modified coal were characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77?K (S_BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (C–H–N elemental), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the water uptake decreased as the amount of glycerol on the coal surface increased. The optimum concentration of 8?wt% of glycerol impregnated on the coal minimized water adsorption. Over a range of water activity evaluations, this amount of glycerol (C8) reduced water adsorption by approximately 60% compared with nonimpregnated coal (C0). As expected, water uptake decreased with increasing temperature. These results are reflected in the NHV with an increase of 17% for the C8 sample compared with the other samples evaluated. The Talu and Meunier model was used to fit the experimental adsorption isotherms, and the mean square root error (MSRE%) was lower than 10%. The isosteric heat of sorption (IHS) for coal tends to decrease as the amount of adsorbed water increases. In addition, the value of IHS decreases as the concentration of glycerol increases due to the blocking of polar adsorption sites present on the coal surface, which are the main regions of low uptake of adsorbed water. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy was found to have negative values, which corroborates the spontaneous adsorption process.     

XPS study of reductively and non-reductively modified coals

Two demineralised coals: Mequinenza and Illinois No. 6 have been subjected to reduction and reductive methylation in the potassium/liquid ammonia system and to non-reductive methylation by the Liotta method. The initial coals and the products obtained have been analysed by classical chemical methods and by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method. The coal surface has been found susceptible to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, but the differences in the elemental composition between the surface and the bulk sample proved small. Deconvolution of the XPS spectrum has shown that the dominant form of oxygen in all samples is ether and hydroxyl oxygen and the dominant form of nitrogen is pyrrolic nitrogen. It has also been shown that the main sulphur species in the initial Mequinenza coal is sulphidic sulphur, while Illinois No. 6 is richer in thiophenic systems. The results have confirmed an earlier finding that modification of coals in the potassium/liquid ammonia system leads to elimination of sulphur from some thiophene compounds.