利用核桃壳的形态结构优化Al2O3多孔材料的孔结构和性能

首先将质量分数为5%的ZrO₂溶胶、7%的Al₂O₃溶胶、3%的SiO₂溶胶作为浸渍试剂对核桃壳粉（WSP）浸渍处理。然后以α-Al₂O₃微粉为主原料,以处理后的WSP为造孔剂,制备了Al₂O₃多孔材料。研究了溶胶浸渍处理后WSP对多孔材料孔结构、热导率和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在Al₂O₃多孔材料的孔中可以清楚地观察到WSP的形变,这是优化陶瓷孔结构的重要因素。通过使用质量分数为3%的SiO₂溶胶浸渍处理的WSP,可以获得低热导率(200℃,0.297 W·m^-1·K^-1)和高耐压强度（43.5 MPa）的Al₂O₃多孔材料,并在孔中发现了莫来石的交叉网络结构。     

Si/Al基质作用下NaCl高温氯化PbO的机制

垃圾焚烧过程中,在灰中Si/Al基质的作用,NaCl可以将不易挥发的PbO转化为易挥发的PbCl₂,从而显著增加烟气中的Pb排放。使用管式炉加热NaCl/Si/Al基质/PbO反应物体系,通过分析升温过程Cl和Pb的释放过程,从间接氯化和直接氯化角度,探索了高温氯化规律与机制。试验发现,间接氯化时氧气中有水蒸气比无水蒸气更有利于反应,Al₂O₃比SiO₂更有利于反应,初始氯化温度通常为700~800℃,NaCl以气态形式参与反应;通过SiO₂直接氯化时,约500℃时PbO与SiO₂反应生成硅酸盐,然后与NaCl蒸气反应,初始氯化温度约650℃;通过Al₂O₃直接氯化时,700~800℃时PbO与Al₂O₃反应生成铝酸盐,然后与NaCl蒸气反应;向SiO₂中添加Al₂O₃会阻碍PbO与SiO₂的反应,氯释放特征由SiO₂基质型向Al₂O₃基质型转变,初始氯化温度升高至700~800℃。     

ICP-OES内标法测定粉煤灰的主要成分

粉煤灰中主要成分SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃的含量常采用传统的化学分析方法，前处理方式复杂烦冗。本文阐述了使用混合熔剂分解样品、盐酸浸取、ICP-OES内标法同时测定粉煤灰中SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量的实验过程。通过监视样品中内标物强度与试剂空白中内标物信号强度的差异，校正分析物信号强度，补偿基体变化造成的结果误差。相比于传统方法，具有准确、快速等优点。     

集料酸性组成及温度对沥青/集料黏附性的影响

为了定量表征集料中的酸性组成对沥青/集料黏附性的影响,首先通过采用模拟矿物和红外光谱方法研究了酸性成分对沥青的吸附规律。然后选用3种石油沥青、5种集料考察了实际酸性成分对黏附性的影响模式及使用温度对黏附性的影响特点。研究结果表明：实际矿物集料中的酸性组分SiO₂含量、SiO₂+Al₂O₃合计含量均能与黏附性表征参数-剥落率呈现Logistic函数关系。当SiO₂含量小于50%,或者SiO₂+Al₂O₃含量小于63%时,集料表面沥青的剥落率一般在5%以下,为第一稳定区;当SiO₂含量介于50%～73%,或者SiO₂+Al₂O₃含量介于63%～87%时,沥青在集料表面的剥落随酸性成分含量提高而加快,为黏附性敏感区,沥青黏附性等级可以从4级快速衰减为3级、2级;当SiO₂含量大于73%,或者SiO_2<...     

CaO杂质对SiO2凝胶粉与Al2O3粉反应生成莫来石的影响

为拓宽SiO₂溶胶结合浇注料的应用,以微米或纳米级Al₂O₃粉和SiO₂凝胶粉为主要原料,研究在不同温度(1 350、1 400、1 500、1 600℃)、不同气氛(氧化气氛、还原气氛)下CaO杂质对Al₂O₃和SiO₂反应生成莫来石的影响。结果表明：1)氧化气氛下,CaO的引入可以促进莫来石的生成,当温度从1 350℃升高到1 600℃时,莫来石的生成量会逐渐增多。2)还原气氛下,CaO的引入不利于莫来石的生成,温度升高,莫来石生成量反而降低。3)Al₂O₃粒度越小,越易与SiO₂凝胶粉反应生成莫来石。     

Na2O掺杂铝酸钙化合物物相转化与浸出性能

以分析纯试剂CaCO₃、Al₂O₃和Na₂CO₃为原料,在1350℃烧结1 h合成了Na₂O掺杂铝酸钙熟料,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等方法研究了Na₂O掺杂CaO-Al₂O₃体系铝酸钙化合物的物相演变规律及熟料浸出性能。结果表明:当CaO和Al₂O₃的摩尔比为1.0时,CaO-Al₂O₃体系铝酸钙由CaO·Al₂O₃和12CaO·7Al₂O₃组成,而Na₂O掺杂铝酸钙熟料由CaO·Al₂O₃、12CaO·7Al₂O₃、Na₂O·Al₂O₃和Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀组成。除形成含Na₂O化合物外,熟料中掺杂的Na₂O固溶于12CaO·7Al₂O₃中,而CaO·Al₂O₃中几乎不含Na₂O。随着熟料中Na₂O掺杂量的升高,12CaO·7Al₂O₃和Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀的含量逐渐增加,CaO·Al₂O₃的含量逐渐降低;12CaO·7Al₂O₃和Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀的结晶度逐渐降低,CaO·Al₂O₃的结晶度逐渐升高。Na₂O的掺杂提高了熟料在碳酸钠溶液中的浸出性能,并且使浸出渣中CaCO₃的空间群由R-3CH、P63/MMC两种转变为只含有R-3CH一种。     

二氧化碳埋存条件下油井水泥石腐蚀的热力学分析

利用热力学平衡常数理论计算了CO₂埋存条件下的油井水泥石水化产物相关纯矿物受腐蚀的热力学条件,并比较了其耐腐蚀性能。利用Gibbs自由能最小化原理计算和分析了水泥石受腐蚀过程中水化产物的变化。结果表明:水化产物相关纯矿物或端元组分的耐腐蚀性能不同,优劣次序为4Mg(OH)₂·2Al(OH)₃·3H₂O、0.83CaO·0.67SiO₂·1.83H₂O、0.67CaO·SiO₂·1.5H₂O、6CaO·Al₂O₃·3SO₄·32H₂O、6CaO·Al₂O₃·3SO₄·30H₂O、1.33CaO·SiO₂·2.17H₂O、3CaO·0.5Al₂O₃·0.5F...     

MnO2-CuO-TiO2共掺Al2O3陶瓷低温烧结和微波介电性能的研究

作为重要微波介质材料之一,Al₂O₃陶瓷介电性能优良,在微波电路方面得到广泛应用。但Al₂O₃陶瓷的烧结温度较高,制备工序需消耗大量能源。低成本降低烧结温度对Al₂O₃陶瓷的进一步发展具有重要意义。本论文通过MnO₂-CuO-TiO₂掺杂实现了Al₂O₃陶瓷的低温烧结,并对其烧结行为和微波介电性能进行了研究。结果表明,MnO₂、CuO、TiO₂的质量分数分别为0.7%、0.5%、0.8%时,复合掺杂可以大幅降低Al₂O₃陶瓷的烧结温度,所获陶瓷具有良好的微波介电性能。在烧结温度为1 250℃时,Al₂O₃陶瓷的密度可达3.92 g/cm³,介电常数ε_r=10.02,品质因子与谐振频率的乘积Q×f值...     

SiC惰性氧化对Al2O3-SiO2浇注料线变化率的影响

以三级矾土（5～0.088、≤0.088 mm）、特级矾土（1～0.088、≤0.088 mm）、碳化硅（≤0.074 mm）为主要原料,以铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,加入适量的α-Al₂O₃微粉、SiO₂微粉和减水剂制备了Al₂O₃-SiO₂浇注料。对经1 400℃空气气氛保温24 h烧后试样的线变化率、显气孔率、化学组成、物相组成和微观结构进行分析,探讨了SiC加入量（w）分别为3%、6%、8%、10%时SiC的惰性氧化对试样线变化率的影响。结果表明：1)SiC惰性氧化产物SiO₂可以填充气孔,降低显气孔率,但SiO₂生成后并不会立即与Al₂O₃发生反应形成莫来石;2)二次莫来石化是试样线变化率提高的主要因素,过量SiC抑制了自身的惰性氧化,氧化产物SiO₂相对减少,不利于试样的烧结以及二次莫来石化的持续进行;3)全组分试样中SiC加入量（w）为6%时...     

不同Al2O3/SiO2比的MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃制备及性能研究

本文采用烧结法制备MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(MAS)微晶玻璃，研究不同Al₂O₃/SiO₂质量比对MAS微晶玻璃的微观结构和理化性能的影响，采用X射线衍射、差热分析、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对基础玻璃与微晶玻璃的结构和表面形貌进行表征，并对微晶玻璃的密度、力学性能、耐蚀性、热学性能和介电性能进行测试分析。结果表明：随着Al₂O₃/SiO₂质量比从0.52增大至0.64,基础玻璃的玻璃化转变温度T_g增大、析晶峰值温度T_p减小，促使样品析出α-堇青石晶相；样品密度在2.52～2.60 g/cm³波动，介电常数ε_r由1.73增加到4.51,热膨胀系数由4.46×10^-6℃^-1降低到2.38×10^-6℃^-1,介电损耗tan...     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

TiO2与SiO2掺杂对Al2O3相转变的研究

通过球磨混合法,制备TiO2、SiO2和TiO2+SiO2掺杂的Al2 O3粉体,经不同温度煅烧后进行X射线衍射(XRD)测试,比较研究这三种掺杂对Al2 O3粉体相转变温度的影响.研究结果表明,TiO2、SiO2掺杂对γ-Al2 O3向α-Al2 O3的相转变均有促进作用.在掺杂质量分数为0.5％的情况下,二者可分别...     

超稳Y型分子筛的骨架硅铝比对甘油气相脱水反应的影响

以铵交换和高温水热处理法制备了不同硅铝比的超稳Y型分子筛（USY）,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、氮气吸附脱附和吡啶红外等技术对USY进行了表征。以USY为催化剂,考察了USY的骨架硅铝比对气相甘油脱水制丙烯醛的影响。X射线衍射和扫描电镜结果表明,铵交换和高温水热处理只是提高USY的硅铝比,相对结晶度略有降低,而对Y型分子筛的结构和形貌没有影响。氮气吸附-脱附和吡啶红外结果表明,随USY骨架SiO₂/Al₂O₃比提高,总酸量和B酸酸量逐渐降低,L酸酸量有所增多,介孔孔体积和平均孔径有所增大。气相甘油脱水反应结果表明,催化剂织构性质对甘油转化率和丙烯醛选择性的影响大于酸性的影响,因而SiO₂/Al₂O₃比为29的USY催化剂的反应性能最好,甘油转化率和丙烯醛收率分别达到了84.5%和51.8%。     

CO oxidation over promoted Pt catalysts

A study of CO oxidation by O₂ over Pt catalysts, promoted by MnO_x and CoO_x, is described. The activities of Pt/SiO₂, Pt/MnO_x/SiO₂ and Pt/CoO_x/SiO₂ are compared with commercial Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt/Rh/Al₂O₃ and Pt/CeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Since these catalysts differ in dispersion and weight loading of platinum, the turnover frequencies are also compared. The following order in activity in CO oxidation after a reductive pretreatment is found: Pt/CoO_x/SiO₂ > Pt/MnO_x/SiO₂, Pt/CeO_x/Al₂O₃ > Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt/Rh/Al₂O₃, Pt/SiO₂. Over Pt/CoO_x/SiO₂ CO is already oxidised at room temperature. Possible models to account for the high activity of Pt/CoO_x/SiO₂ in the CO/O₂ reaction are presented and discussed. Partially reduced metal oxides are necessary to increase the activity of the Pt/CoO_x/SiO₂, Pt/MnO_x/SiO₂ or Pt/CeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts. It was shown that mild ageing treatments did not affect the activity of the Pt/CoO_x/SiO₂ catalyst in CO oxidation.     

无黏结剂ZSM-35沸石的制备与催化反应性能

考察了不同硅铝比无黏结剂ZSM-35沸石分子筛的合成条件及催化反应性能。以多种有机胺（乙二胺、环己胺、正丁胺）为模板剂,在SiO₂/Al₂O₃为30～40的情况下均可以水热合成无黏结剂ZSM-35沸石。在乙二胺模板剂体系中,ZSM-35合适的晶化温度为130～160℃。提高SiO₂/Al₂O₃至58时,在乙二胺和正丁胺模板剂体系下,合成产物易出现ZSM-5和石英相,而环己胺作为模板剂可以成功制备纯相的无黏结剂ZSM-35沸石。在SiO₂/Al₂O₃为72时,以乙二胺、环己胺、正丁胺为模板剂均难合成纯相ZSM-35沸石,易产生杂晶。在二甲苯异构化反应中,制备的ZSM-35沸石表现出比ZSM-5沸石更好的对二甲苯选择性和更低的二甲苯损失。     

Effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the conversion of methanol to olefins over molecular sieve catalysts

A series of SAPO-34 molecular sieves with different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios have been synthesized for the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction. Their physico-chemical properties are characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The results are compared with those of the commercial HZSM-5, which show that the crystallinity and particle diameter of SAPO-34 as well as HZSM-5 increase with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio. The variation of BET surface area of SAPO-34 is different from that of HZSM-5 and the sample with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of 0.4 exhibits the highest BET surface area. FT-IR spectra indicate that HZSM-5 has both Br?nsted and Lewis acid sites and Br?nsted acid sites are stronger, whereas SAPO-34 samples are dominated only by Lewis acid sites. When the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio increases, propylene and butylenes become the predominant product of the MTO reaction over HZSM-5. In contrast, the main products of this reaction catalyzed by SAPO-34 are ethylene and propylene. According to the product distribution, the reaction mechanism over HZSM-5 catalysts is proposed.     

结合剂对铝镁质喷补料性能的影响

以板状刚玉、电熔镁砂、α-Al2O3微粉和SiO2微粉为主要原料,以铝酸钙水泥、SiO2溶胶、Al2O3溶胶为结合剂制备了铝镁质喷补料,研究了结合剂种类对该喷补料性能的影响.结果表明:1)SiO2溶胶结合铝镁质喷补料的烘后强度较高,并在高温下生成镁橄榄石,降低了喷补料的显气孔率.加入4％(w)SiO2溶胶时,试样热震后...     

A model catalyst approach to the effects of the support on Co–Mo hydrodesulfurization catalysts

Co–Mo model sulfide catalysts, in which CoMoS phases are selectively formed, were prepared by means of a CVD technique using Co(CO)₃NO as a precursor of Co. It is shown by means of XPS, FTIR and NO adsorption that CoMoS phases form selectively when the Mo content exceeds monolayer loading. A single exposure of MoS₂/Al₂O₃ to a vapor of Co(CO)₃NO at room temperature fills the edge sites of the MoS₂ particles. It is suggested that the maximum potential HDS activity of MoS₂/Al₂O₃ and Co–Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts can be predicted by means of Co(CO)₃NO as a “probe” molecule. An attempt was made to determine the fate of Co(CO)₃NO adsorbed on MoS₂/Al₂O₃. The effects of the support on Co–Mo sulfide catalysts in HDS and HYD were investigated by use of CVD-Co/MoS₂/support catalysts. XPS and NO adsorption showed that model catalysts can also be prepared for SiO₂-, TiO₂- and ZrO₂-supported catalysts by means of the CVD technique. The thiophene HDS activity of CVD-Co/MoS₂/Al₂O₃, CVD-Co/MoS₂/TiO₂ and CVD-Co/MoS₂/Al₂O₃ is proportional to the amount of Co species interacting with the edge sites of MoS₂ particles or CoMoS phases. It is concluded that the support does not influence the HDS reactivity of CoMoS phases supported on TiO₂, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃. In contrast, CoMoS phases on SiO₂ show catalytic features characteristic of CoMoS Type II. With the hydrogenation of butadiene, on the other hand, the Co species on MoS₂/TiO₂, ZrO₂ and SiO₂ have the same activity, while the Co species on MoS₂/Al₂O₃ have a higher activity.     

微球形SiO2-Al2O3制备及其流化床蒽醌加氢性能研究

采用喷雾分散-油柱成型制备方法,以硅溶胶为硅源,制备不同含量SiO2掺杂改性的微球形氧化铝载体,研究SiO2含量对氧化铝载体结构及以其为载体的负载型催化剂性能的影响。研究表明,通过掺杂SiO2有效改善了氧化铝微球的热稳定性,且氧化铝载体的孔容、比表面积及酸中心数量均随SiO2含量的增加而增加,孔径随SiO2含量的增加而减小。Pd/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂结构表征及流化床蒽醌加氢性能评价结果表明,掺杂SiO2质量分数6%时,Pd/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂氢化效率大于12.5g·L^-1,选择性大于98.3%。