Properties of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

By chlorination of polyvinyl chloride in a water suspension, a number of samples of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride of varied chlorine content were prepared. The density, the temperature dependence of the dynamic modulus G' and the loss factor tg δ, as well as some mechanical properties of these samples were measured. The structure of the chlorinated PVC is discussed and the assumption expressed that the secondary maximum at ? 10°C corresponds to the movements of the short chain interceptions of poly (1,2-dichloroethylene). The tensile strength and flexural strength is growing linearly with the chlorine content. The impact strength from 65% Cl on is violently decreasing. By its behaviour, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resembles a random copolymer of vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene.     

Properties of γ-irradiated compostions based on polyvinyl chloride

A Co-60 source was used to irradiate compositions based on PVC, and containing plasticizer additives including DIDP and TOTM, and chlorinated PE (CPE). Polyfunctional acrylic monomers were used as crosslinking agents, and irradiation dosages to about 8Mrad were applied to crosslink the compounds. Analyses included crosslink density estimates from solvent swelling data, and stress/strain evaluations of mechanical responses. It was shown that plasticizers reduce the crosslinking efficiency of irradiation, TOTM being the better inhibitor. The presence of CPE counteracts the trend. Mechanical properties differentiate strongly between the use of difunctional and trifunctional crosslinking agents. The latter produce networks at higher dosages (Eq > 4Mrad) characterized by two apparent yield stresses. This suggests the presence of two (or more) distinct network structures. DSC scans of partially crosslinked samples support the contention. The work indicates the importance of composition-property relationships in multicomponent vinyl systems.     

聚氯乙烯/氯化聚氯乙烯合金的性能研究

选择氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)为主体材料,研究了PVC/CPVC共混比、填料品种及用量等对PVC/CPVC合金体系力学性能的影响,同时利用扫描电镜对PVC/CPVC合金的微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,CPVC在加工过程中易发生脱HCl反应,PVC常用的铅盐稳定剂、有机锡类稳定剂均适于CPVC体系,且铅盐稳定剂的稳定效果要优于有机锡类稳定剂。当m(PVC)∶m(CPVC)从100∶0向70∶30变化时,随着CPVC含量的增多,PVC/CPVC二元合金体系的屈服强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、热变形温度(最大弯曲正应力分别为1.82 MPa和0.45 MPa)等均呈递增趋势,而冲击强度、断裂伸长率出现递减趋势。在填料用量为5份时,PVC/CPVC合金体系的力学性能以选用活性碳酸钙(CaCO3)为最佳。随着活性CaCO3用量的增加,PVC/CPVC合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率呈先上升后下降的趋势。活性CaCO3用量的变化对冲击强度几乎无影响。当活性CaCO3用量超过10份时,PVC/CPVC合金的热变形温度上升。     

丙烯酸酯单体对聚氯乙烯密封胶粘剂的改性作用

丙烯酸酯有较大的反应活性，能与聚氯乙烯发生接技共聚反应。本文中，我们着重研究不同结构丙烯酸酯单体对聚乙烯基密封胶粘剂的改性作用。以PVC为100份，分别加入甲基丙烯酸一缩二乙二醇双脂（DEGDMA），甲基丙烯酸乙二醇双酯（EGDMA）和丙烯酸一缩二乙二醇双酯（DEGDA）各为10份、20份、30份的试验结果看出，随着丙烯酸酯单体添加量的增加，PVC片基的硬度增大，拉伸强度提高，而伸长率降低。不同的单体其影响也不同。就硬度和拉伸强度有EGDMA＞DEGDA＞DEGDMA的规律伸长率的降低则为DEGDMA＞DEGDA＞EGDMA。就丙烯酸…     

水滑石填充聚氯乙烯材料研究进展

水滑石在与其他热稳定剂复配作为聚氯乙烯（PVC）热稳定剂时,除可显著提高PVC热稳定性外,还可赋予PVC材料一些其他优异的性能。本文介绍了水滑石的性质和用途及水滑石填充PVC材料研究进展,并展望了水滑石在我国PVC工业中的应用前景。     

聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的制备及应用研究进展

聚氯乙烯（PVC）是世界上应用最广泛的塑料之一,因其具有化学和机械特性优异、廉价易得等优点而广泛应用于医疗器械制造、建筑、食品和电子等行业。PVC对水的接触角为90°,而在生物医学和金属防腐蚀等领域的应用中,需要PVC达到超疏水性能。因此,PVC基超疏水材料的需求也变得愈加迫切。本文综述了聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的分类、制备方法和应用领域,对比了不同种类、不同制备方法的聚氯乙烯基超疏水材料的疏水性能优劣,总结出目前该领域的一些问题,主要包括制备工艺仅限于实验室操作、材料的耐磨耐久性及机械强度有待考察等,并指出该领域的发展方向：(1)开发简单、环保、低成本的大规模制备工艺;(2)克服PVC材料热、光稳定性差的弱点,发扬其耐腐蚀性好、机械强度高的优点,进一步扩大材料的应用范围。     

Preparation of fibers from mixtures of polymers based on polyvinyl chloride

Conclusions Structural modification of polyvinyl chloride by introducing a heat-resistant polyamide into it makes it possible to prepare fibers with increased thermal resistance.Fabric prepared from the modified fiber has adequate strength and has less shrinkage.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 35–37, July–August, 1983.     

Preparation of heat-stable polypropylene fibres and their properties

Conclusions A method has been developed for preparing a modified polypropylene fibre by spinning from a mixture of polypropylene and a small amount of a thermoplastic acrylonitrile copolymer which contains a functional group which forms intermolecular chemical bonds during the fibre preparation process.It has been shown that in the given method of modifying PP fibre, its heat resistance is raised by 40–50°K.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 51–52, May–June, 1985.     

氯化聚氯乙烯树脂综述

介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC)的性能、应用领域、生产和使用情况,分析了国内外CPVC树脂的性能差距及缩小其差距应采取的措施.     

Properties of polyquinolines and of fibres based on them

Conclusions Two methods of spinning yans from polyquinolines of various chemical structures have been investigated.It has been shown that at the present stage of investigations it is advisable to use the dry-spinning method to obtain fibres from polyquinolines which have satisfactory physicome-chanical properties.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 40–41, July–August, 1987.     

Storage stability and mechanism of polyvinyl pyrrolidone based alkoxide composite electrospun fibres

Abstract

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) based titanium n-butoxide (TNBT) and zirconium n-propoxide (ZNP) composite fibres were prepared by electrospinning, and the corresponding fibres with the addition of acetic acid (HAc) were also prepared for comparison. The storage stabilities of four alkoxide composite fibres and PVP electrospun fibres under standard laboratory conditions (20°C, 65% relative humidity) were investigated. Some unexpected but interesting phenomena were discovered. Electrospun PVP fibres lose their fibrous shapes after they have been stored for only 24 h. The TNBT, ZNP and ZNP(HAc) composite fibres still remain their morphologies even though they have been stored for 15 days, exhibiting excellent chemical and morphological stability in the air, because the hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxide have completed during the electrospinning process, while TBNT(HAc) composite fibres hydrolyse and condense during the storage period. This investigation provides useful knowledge for preparing ceramic electrospun fibres, especially for large scale production or electrospinning over extended time.     

Polymer reprocessing: Properties of polyethylene—polyvinyl chloride mixtures

The increasing tendency to consider waste polymers as suitable stocks for reconversion calls for guidelines as to the processing and end-product behavior of mixtures involving commodity polymers. In the present case, flow and some mechanical properties of mixtures involving low density polyethylene (PE) and filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were determined and used as a base-line of comparison with similar properties of multi-component mixtures involving potential compatibilizers for the incompatible matrix pair. Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and ELvaloy polymeric plasticizer were the property modifiers selected. Blends were produced by roll-mill, Brabender or Banbury mixing. Flow properties were measured by capillary viscometry and solid-state properties were characterized by stress-strain data and tensile impact performance. Melt viscosities were non-linear functions of blend composition and varied significantly with the choice of compatibiliser, EVA and CPE producing greater benefits of melt strength than did Elvaloy. Elastic moduli, ultimate tensiles and tensile impact data also responded to the presence of compatibiliser, the EVA and CPE again being more effective in upgrading the properties of the incompatible matrix pair than was Elvaloy. Results, while preliminary, suggest guidelines for the composition of PE/PVC stocks with upgraded performance balance.     

Properties of textile materials based on polifen fibres

Conclusions In processing man-made fibres in pure form or in mixtures with natural fibres, it is recommended to reduce the intensity of carding by increasing the separation between working parts of the carding machines and reducing their speed.To eliminate a large amount of fly in carding, one should carry out the technological preparation of the Polifen and wool fibre using heating and picking machines.The materials have a low air permeability and high efficiency when used as filtering elements.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 41–42, July–August, 1986.