分形粗糙面的电磁散射——扩展边界条件

用扩展边界条件方法对分形粗糙良导体面及介质面的电磁散射问题进行了分析。用推广的Ｆｌｏｑｕｅｔ模式，在分界面处将场分量用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数展开，根据边界条件及扩展边界条件得到了水平极化和垂直极化散射场的幅度分量的表达式。用其它近似方法（Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ和Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ方法）及能量守恒准则验证了此方法的有效性。     

平面上方小球的光散射计算

本文基于扩展的Mie理论方法求解平面上方小球的散射问题。通过建立小球和平面的模型,解决小球和平面的边界条件问题,并利用矢量波函数展开的方法求得了散射场。强调了小球与表面的相互作用。散射总场是小球本身的散射场,平面反射场,和小球与平面之间的相互作用场三者的叠加。结论给出了均匀介质小球的微分散射截面图并进行了详细讨论。     

电磁散射问题中的阻抗边界条件及表达阻抗

比较详细地阐述了用于电磁散射计算的阻抗边界条件，指出标准阻抗边界条件、广州义阻抗边界条件及精确阻抗边界条件的应用范围，讨论了表面阻抗的各种表示式，上述问题对散射场的计算是非常有用的。     

任意取向多个介质旋转椭球的散射场

本文提出了一种用于计算任意取向多个介质椭球电磁散射的混合方法.利用扩展边界条件(EBC)导出具有旋转轴对称单个椭球以球面波矢量函数为基底的T矩阵,结合球矢量波函数旋转定理和递推T矩阵方法,给出多个任意取向介质椭球的散射场.数值例子验证了该混合方法的计算精度和有效性.     

Mur吸收边界条件的校下

本文分析了Ｍｕｒ吸收边界条件产生误差的原因，讨论了用散射中心法校正Ｍｕｒ吸收边界条件的问题，以二维情况下线源的辐射及方柱形导体的散射问题为例进行编程计算，且与未校正的同阶和高阶近亿的Ｍｕｒ吸收边界条件作了比较，证明该方法是有效的，最后提出用坡印亭矢量的来校正Ｍｕｒ吸收边界条件的思想。     

粗糙球体和锥体目标激光散射非相干分量比

为了研究激光散斑对目标探测的影响,采用物理光学近似方法,进行了平面波激光照射在粗糙球体和圆锥体目标时对散射场统计特性的理论分析,推导了粗糙体目标散射场量的二阶统计矩, 数值计算了粗糙球体和锥体的非相干散射分量比随粗糙度、散射角、半径及目标材料的变化情况。结果表明,散射角的变化对粗糙球体散射非相干分量比有影响,粗糙度变大,目标的非相干分量占总散射分量的比重越大;随着粗糙球体半径变小,球体表面越粗糙;圆锥体目标散射非相干分量比的峰值位置随粗糙度变化而不同,但其峰值均位于镜反射方向上;金属类材料比非金属抛光铝材料的非相干分量比小,且半径变化与非相干分量比成正比。该研究结果可为更复杂目标激光散射特性和激光散斑探测、识别的研究提供一定的参考价值。     

二维fBm随机分形界面的电磁散射特性

应用二维fBm（分形布朗运动）模拟了这种既非完全周期的也非完全随机的实际粗糙界面，用Kirchhoff方法计算了电磁波在随机分形界面的散射特性。数值结果表明随着分形维数的增加，散射场中非相关分量逐渐增大，旁瓣增多并在镜面方向周围不断展宽。     

基于FDTD的运动导体目标电磁散射仿真

提出了一种基于散射模型的等价相对边界条件。将该等价相对边界条件与传统FDTD方法相结合提出了求解运动导体目标电磁散射问题的方法。并将该方法用于计算运动的无限大导体表面的电磁散射问题，计算结果与文献所给方法的计算结果吻合很好，验证了该方法求解运动导体目标电磁散射问题的正确性和有效性。用该方法计算了运动三维导体目标的雷达散射截面。     

涂层目标散射的双站物理光学公式及其散射矩阵

本文从物理光学基本假设与阻抗边界条件出发，建立了涂覆雷达吸波材料（ＲＡＭ）的任意三维光滑凸型导电物体散射的基本双站公式。公式是从Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ反射系统及阻抗边界条件推导的。本文同时得到了涂层物体表面入射场及其同几何结构导体表面入射场之间的关系与电、磁流比系数关系。文末给出了用基本双站公式计算电大物体双站散射矩阵与双站散射截面的计算方法与计算实例。     

一种降低内存的时域散射计算方法——RPSTD

提出一种降低内存的时域伪谱法——RPSTD。PSTD方法基于Maxwell旋度方程，应用FFT（Fast Fourier Transform）算法近似表示空间导数。由于肿具有高阶精度，理论上每个波长只需划分两个网格即可计算目标的宽带电磁散射特性。为进一步减少存储量，RPSTD方法在PSTD方法的基础上，在Maxwell旋度方程两边取散度，将PSTD方法存储空间6个场分量减缩为存储4个独立的场分量，而其他两个场分量可由4个独立的场分量导出。将RPSTD用于二维散射计算，结果表明RPSTD的计算精度与PSTD相当。     

随机粗糙海面的统计模型和分形模型电磁散射的比较研究

本文从Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ海谱出发,分别应用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法和分形函数建立了海面的统计模型和分形模型,并应用Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ近似分别计算了这两种模型的后向散射系数随入射角的变化以及双站散射系数随散射角的变化,。结果表明,两种模型的电磁散射系数随入射角和散射角的变化曲线均符合较好。说明用分形模型可很好地 Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ海谱的实际海央电磁散射回波的幅度特征。     

粗糙表面电磁散射系数数字方法分析与比较

回顾了随机粗糙表面电磁散射特性计算方法的特点,分析对比了各类积分方程法和微分方程法的核心算法,着重讨论了矩阵分裂算法的计算效率,以及时域有限差分法求解色散粗糙面宽带散射特性的有关问题,指出了粗糙表面散射系数的计算和选择方法。     

分层粗糙面下方介质目标散射的快速算法

为快速获取分层粗糙面与下方介质目标的复合电磁散射特性,提出了一种基于前后向迭代算法(FBM)和双共轭梯度法(Bi-CG)的快速互耦迭代算法。推导了一维分层粗糙面与下方介质目标(二维散射问题)的耦合边界积分方程组,用FBM求解分层粗糙面的表面积分方程,而用Bi-CG求解目标的表面积分方程,目标和粗糙面的相互耦合作用通过更新两方程的激励项来迭代求解。应用该算法计算了下方存在介质目标时双层介质粗糙面的双站散射系数,与传统矩量法得到的结果相吻合,验证了该算法的正确性;分析了不同极化波入射时该算法的收敛性,讨论了目标尺寸和位置变化对双站散射系数的影响。     

Forward-backward method for scattering from dielectric rough surfaces

The iterative forward-backward (FB) method is a recently proposed efficient technique for numerical evaluation of scattering from perfectly conducting rough surfaces. Extension of the method to include scattering from imperfect conducting surfaces, with a high imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant, has also been proposed. The FB method is further generalized to analyze scattering from dielectric rough surfaces with arbitrary complex dielectric constant. Electric and magnetic equivalent surface currents are split into forward and backward components and equations governing these current components are obtained. As a solution, an iterative scheme is proposed and its convergence rate is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is assessed by comparing the obtained scattering results with "exact" ones, computed by employing the usual method of moments (MoM).     

Scattering of Radiation of the Sun and the Sky from Two Dimensional Rough Sea Surfaces

The scattering of optical wave from two dimensional rough sea surfaces is studied first with method of facets. The sea surface is divided into many facets, and each facet is treated as a surface with small roughness instead of a smooth plane, therefore more practical and effective. In addition the shadowing function of sea surfaces for arbitrary incident and scattering angles is numerically calculated with the Z-BUFFER method, which applies to any kinks of rough surfaces compared with the methods available. Finally the spectral irradiance of the sun and the spectral radiance of the sky for different time at sea level with fine weather are obtained with the software of Lowtran7, and the scattering of the radiation of the sun and the sky from two dimensional rough sea surfaces for different time, waveband and wind speed is studied, which is of great reference value for reducing the interference to the infrared detector due to the scattering of the radiation of the sun and the sky from sea surfaces.     

快速计算一维分层粗糙面之间金属目标复合散射的互耦迭代算法

为研究一维分层介质粗糙面之间金属目标的复合电磁散射特性,该文提出了一种结合前后向迭代算法(FBM)和双共轭梯度法(Bi-CG)的快速互耦迭代算法(CCIA)。推导了分层粗糙面与金属目标的耦合边界积分方程组,采用FBM和Bi-CG分别求解分层粗糙面与目标的边界积分方程,目标和分层粗糙面的相互作用通过更新两方程的激励项来实现。计算了双层介质高斯粗糙面及无限长金属圆柱的复合电磁散射特性,当目标尺寸趋于零时与只有分层粗糙面的散射系数相吻合,验证了该算法的正确性;分析了不同粗糙面情况下该算法的收敛性;讨论了目标尺寸与位置变化对复合散射系数的影响。结果表明,金属目标的存在明显影响了分层粗糙面的散射特性。     

表面具有分形结构金属劈边缘绕射系数的提取

本文提出了一种计算数值绕射系数有有效方法，并将之用于提取表面具有分形结构金属劈的绕射系统，利用时域有限差分法提供的散射场，根据几何绕射理论建立含有绕射系数未知量的方程组，通过联立方程组的求解，得到散射体边缘的数值绕射系数。具体计算例子表明，该算法是有效的。     

A combined steepest descent-fast multipole algorithm for the fastanalysis of three-dimensional scattering by rough surfaces

A new technique, the steepest descent-fast multipole method (SDFMM), is developed to efficiently analyze scattering from perfectly conducting random rough surfaces. Unlike other prevailing methods, this algorithm has linear computational complexity and memory requirements, making it a suitable candidate for analyzing scattering from large rough surfaces as well as for carrying out Monte Carlo simulations. The method exploits the quasiplanar nature of rough surfaces to efficiently evaluate the dyadic Green's function for multiple source and observation points. This is achieved through a combination of a Sommerfeld steepest descent integral and a multilevel fast multipole-like algorithm based on inhomogeneous plane wave expansions. The fast evaluation of the dyadic Green's function dramatically speeds up the iterative solution of the integral equation for rough surface scattering. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of the method in analyzing scattering from extremely large finite rough surfaces     

Comparison of modeled backscatter from slightly rough curvedsurfaces with numerical predictions

The slightly rough facet model has often been used to describe radar scattering from two-scale rough surfaces. Moment method scattering calculations are used to investigate the validity of a theoretical method for determining the maximum allowable facet sizes. The method is shown to give accurate facet sizes for rough surfaces with large-scale curvatures comparable to that expected on the ocean surface at angles of incidence where the traditional two-scale scattering model has proved to be valid     

Forward-backward method with spectral acceleration for scattering from Layered rough surfaces

A fast method of moments is presented to calculate electromagnetic wave scattering from layered one-dimensional rough surfaces. The formulation is provided for M stratified homogeneous regions, separated by M-1 rough surfaces, and solved using point matching and pulse basis functions. Compared to the single surface case, the solution of scattering from M-1 surfaces requires significantly more memory and computational time. To facilitate the solution, the forward-backward method with spectral acceleration is applied. As an example, a dielectric layer on a perfect electric conductor surface is studied. The numerical results are compared with the analytical solution for layered flat surfaces to partly validate the formulation. The accuracy, efficiency, and convergence of the method are then studied for various rough surfaces and layer permittivities.