双旁路耦合电弧铝合金MIG焊熔滴过渡形态研究

提出双旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护(Dual bypass metal inert-gas,DB-MIG)电弧焊方法并建立试验系统.该方法以传统熔化极惰性气体保护焊接电弧为主弧,引入两路对称的电流可控的非熔化极旁路电弧并与主弧形成耦合电弧进行焊接.由于旁路电弧的分流作用,在保持较高焊丝熔化电流的同时可有效降低母材输入电流,并且旁路电弧力的作用对熔滴过渡也有显著的影响.设计专用的窄带滤光系统,实现无激光背光的焊接熔滴过渡行为的高速摄像,获得不同旁路电流参数条件下的铝合金DB-MIG焊熔滴过渡的高速摄影图像并进行分析.试验结果表明总电流恒定的情况下,熔滴过渡形态随旁路电弧电流参数改变而改变.对DB-MIG焊条件下作用于熔滴上的电弧力的分布进行理论分析,解释试验现象,理论分析和研究表明双旁路耦合电弧可以促进熔滴过渡并可显著降低喷射过渡的临界电流.     

双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊旁路熔滴过渡行为的模拟与分析

双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊过程中,由于旁路电弧选择了直流正极性接法,采用常规纯氩气保护时旁路熔滴体积较大且过渡过程不稳定。为此,提出采用80%Ar+20%CO_2作为保护气体,通过改变熔滴表面的受力形式,改善旁路熔滴过渡过程。在此基础上,通过建立可以描述旁路熔滴过渡行为的动态数学模型,模拟分析不同受力形式下的旁路熔滴直径变化与过渡过程。结果表明:采用纯氩气保护时,不同旁路电流参数下的旁路熔滴直径为2.6~3.3 mm且难以过渡,采用80%Ar+20%CO_2混合气体保护时,旁路熔滴直径减小至0.6~1.1 mm且过渡频率加快;通过模拟分析不同保护气体成分下电磁力对旁路熔滴过渡的影响,发现采用80%Ar+20%CO_2混合气体保护时旁路熔滴直径减小了50%,与试验结果基本一致,证明了富氩保护气体中加入CO_2可以使得电磁力重新促进旁路熔滴向熔池过渡,从而改善了旁路熔滴过渡过程。     

脉冲DE-GMAW过程熔滴受力分析及电流波形设计研究

针对为了实现铝-钢高效高质量的连接,提出一种高效低热输入的脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW)方法。为了使其焊接过程熔滴平稳过渡,分析旁路电弧对熔滴过渡时电流密度的影响,确定脉冲DE-GMAW熔滴过渡时电磁力的作用机制,在主路为脉冲电流情况下,分别设计旁路波形与主路组合形式即为恒定电流、交替脉冲电流和同步脉冲电流三种形式的研究,并使用高速摄像拍摄熔滴过渡图像,进行对比分析试验验证。结果表明,焊接电流波形及组合形式不同会导致作用于焊接熔滴的受力发生改变,从而使得焊接过程的稳定性与焊接质量也发生变化,对比分析得出采用同步脉冲电流时的脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊焊接过程稳定、熔滴过渡均匀一致且焊缝成形平整美观。     

不同波长激光对激光—MAG电弧复合焊接熔滴行为的影响

通过计算分析了金属对Nd：YAG激光和CO2激光的吸收率;以8.0mm厚高强钢板为试验材料,采用高速摄像系统观测熔滴过渡模式和等离子体形态的变化.建立脉冲MAG焊接熔滴力学模型,从熔滴受力角度分析了不同波长两种激光YAG激光和C02激光在激光—MAG焊接中对熔滴过渡形式和熔滴过渡频率的影响.结果表明,Nd：YAG激光和CO2激光输出特性存在差异,金属表面对YAG激光的吸收率约为CO2激光的3倍多;在焊接电流180A、焊接电压26V、光丝间距3mm的相同条件下,YAG激光—MAG电弧复合焊接熔滴过渡频率高于CO2激光—MAG电弧复合焊接的熔滴过渡频率,且熔滴过渡频率均随着激光功率的增加而降低,但是增加等量的激光功率,YAG激光—MAG电弧复合焊接熔滴过渡频率下降幅度更大;CO2激光—MAG电弧复合焊接过程中,熔滴的过渡形式由射滴过渡转变为颗粒过渡,在YAG激光—MAG电弧复合焊接过程中,熔滴过渡形式主要为射滴过渡.     

激光功率对CO2激光-MAG电弧复合焊电弧与熔滴行为的影响

采用高速摄像系统观测熔滴过渡模式和等离子体形态的变化,并采集焊接过程中的电弧和熔滴图像,利用电弧分析仪记录电弧信号,通过试验深入研究激光功率对CO2激光-熔化极活性气体保护焊(Metal active gas,MAG)电弧复合焊接的电弧形态、焊接稳定性、熔滴过渡频率的影响。研究表明,焊接电流的增加减小了实际热源间距,并且实际热源间距在2 mm附近效果最佳;带电粒子在主辅导电通道内的运动产生扰动或漂移、焊接模式的跳变和过渡模式的改变是电流、电压波形出现紊乱和尖角波形的主要原因;激光的加入降低了熔滴过渡频率和过渡稳定性;焊接电流为160A、180 A时,激光-电弧复合焊接的熔滴过渡频率均随着激光功率的增加而先减小后增大,但其过渡频率介于160 A和180 A电弧焊接时熔滴过渡频率之间。     

超声辅助MIG焊接中超声作用特性研究

超声辅助熔化极惰性气体保护(Ultrasonic assisted metal inert gas,U-MIG)焊是一种新型熔化极焊接方法,利用外加声场将相应声学效果引入焊接熔池达到改善接头性能的目的。通过试验系统化研究超声对电弧形态、熔滴过渡以及接头宏观形貌的作用规律,主要目标是更好地理解超声在不同焊接条件下的作用特点。对高速摄像采集的电弧数据进行处理,结果发现随电弧电压增加,超声对电弧的压缩效果也逐渐增大;而随送丝速度增加,焊接电流增大,电弧压缩效果减弱。针对熔滴受力特点分析,可以看出超声作用后熔滴会受到一个促进熔滴过渡的附加力作用。在焊接电流为200 A时,该附加力达到最大,约为2.8×10-3 N,继续增大焊接电流,该附加力逐渐降低。对比不同送丝速度时焊缝宏观形貌,结果显示为了获得更高的焊接效率不能无限提高送丝速度,存在一个最佳的参数匹配值。结合平面驻波理论分析,随温度增加,声辐射力逐渐减弱,这在一定程度上也会削弱附加力作用效果。利用熔池薄膜模型探讨电弧、熔滴过渡以及熔池振荡三者之间的关系,超声对电弧形态、熔滴过渡的影响均可改变熔池的振荡特性,这间接表现为接头形貌的改变。通过试验与理论分析,为U-MIG焊接方法进一步发展与应用打下坚实基础。     

脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡控制的新进展

介绍脉冲MIG焊（熔化极惰性气体保护焊）熔滴过渡控制的发展现状,分析了现有控制法存在的局限性,阐述一种最新的控制法—熔滴过渡光谱控制法的原理、优越性及其进展。指出这方面的发展趋势。电弧光谱信号在反映脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡方面有很大的优越性,其信号品质和灵敏度远胜过以往的信号。相应的光谱控制法已在实验室成功地实现了脉冲MIG焊1峰0基的精确控制,并可能推广用于2峰0基、3峰0基的控制,甚至推广用于连续电流焊条件下熔滴过渡的控制中,工艺适应性宽,前景广阔。     

单电源三丝MIG焊的交替燃弧特性

三丝焊作为一种高效的焊接方法受到重视,而电弧形态及燃弧特性是反映焊接过程稳定性,决定焊缝成形及质量的重要因素。试验中搭建三丝熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert-gas,MIG)焊系统,利用Mult Daq电信号采集系统采集焊接电流和电弧电压波形,借助高速摄像系统同步拍摄电弧形态及熔滴过渡过程,实时监测焊接过程。观察不同电弧电压下的焊丝燃弧情况及熔滴过渡方式,研究短路过渡和大滴过渡形式下的交替燃弧机理,以及电弧电压对单电源三丝MIG焊交替燃弧过程的影响。结果表明,当焊接电源供给能量较小时,并联的三根焊丝上的电流分配呈现"此消彼长"的规律而导致电弧在焊丝间交替燃烧,且焊丝在电弧空间中的位置决定了焊丝上的电流分配。随着电弧电压的增加,交替燃弧频率减小。当电弧电压达到34 V时,三根焊丝同时燃弧,无交替燃弧现象,交替燃弧频率变为0 Hz。     

脉冲MIG焊建模仿真分析及弧长控制

针对脉冲MIG焊过程中的电弧稳定性问题,建立基于尖端不稳定熔滴过渡理论的焊丝熔化动态电弧模型,并对焊接过程中的电弧电压、电弧长度及熔滴过渡尺寸进行仿真,得到与实际焊接相似的电弧电压波形,分析脉冲电流下熔滴过渡频率及影响电弧稳定性的因素,且进行弧长稳定控制的仿真研究,在此基础上运用快速原型技术建立铝合金脉冲MIG焊控制系统,采用电弧电压反馈对铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程进行送丝调节的弧长控制试验。研究表明:所建立的铝合金脉冲MIG焊焊丝熔化动态电弧模型很好反映了实际焊接过程,揭示出脉冲MIG焊焊接过程中熔滴过渡时间间隔具有一定的不确定性和电弧长度的不稳定性,通过电弧电压反馈控制可显著改善铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程电弧系统的稳定性。     

纵向磁场对MAG焊电弧及熔滴过渡的控制作用

将纵向磁场应用于98%Ar+2%O2和80%Ar+20%CO2保护的射流过渡MAG焊,借助高速摄像手段研究外加纵向磁场对MAG焊电弧形态及运动特征的影响规律,揭示纵向磁场对MAG焊电弧的作用本质在于压缩电弧.通过分析液流束末端的液态金属的受力情况,确立纵向磁场作用下MAG焊的熔滴过渡机制.试验结果表明,外加纵向磁场使得相对"静态"的锥形MAG焊电弧转变为高速旋转的螺旋状电弧,并且随着励磁电流的增大,电弧旋转角速度加快、可见弧长缩短、电弧电场强度提高.同时外加纵向磁场的引入还能够降低焊接电流、提高熔滴过渡频率和焊丝熔化系数.外加纵向磁场对射流过渡MAG焊接过程稳定性的影响特点与所采用的保护气体的物理性质相关.     

脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡光谱控制法的研究

在有关电弧光谱信息研究的基础上,提出并成功地实现了脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡的光谱控制法。它是一种物理状态控制法。试验表明：当峰值电流、基值电流、脉冲频率等焊接参数改变时,本方法均能保 持熔滴过渡为1峰0基的过渡。它具有精确控制熔滴过渡的能力,能更好地得到稳定的焊接过程和焊接质量。它还具 有抗干扰能力强、工艺适应性好、在线调节方便等一系列优点,并可期望用于2峰0基、3峰0基等的控制中,有很大的 发展潜力,为脉冲MIG焊过程和质量的自动控制提供了一个崭新的方法,是电弧光谱信息应用的新的重要发展。 试验还表明,光谱峰后切换法是实现1峰0基的最佳控制策略。论述了该方法的控制系统、原理、控制策略、焊接参数、 试验结果与分析等。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORT-CIRCUITING MODE

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment.Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in flat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.     

Effect of laser on the welding process of short-circuiting transfer MIG welding of aluminum alloys

In this paper, the effect of laser on the welding process in metal inert gas (MIG) welding of aluminum alloys was studied exploiting high-speed imaging and welding electrical signals collecting. Bead-on-plate welding experiments were conducted using conventional short-circuiting transfer MIG welding and laser-short-circuiting transfer MIG hybrid welding. The obtained results point out that it took less time to strike the arc in laser-MIG hybrid welding, and the stability of arc striking was increased. When the laser was introduced into the arc atmosphere, the arc was compressed, and the welding energy was more concentrated. The arc cathode spot was fixed to the laser beam impinging spot, so the arc could burn stably. In laser-MIG hybrid welding, the droplet short-circuiting transfer stability and the weld appearance were improved significantly. Moreover, an analysis method of judging droplet transfer stability which bases on statistical techniques was proposed. By this method, it can be concluded that the short-circuiting transfer process became more stable in laser-MIG hybrid welding.     

Numerical simulation of metal transfer process in tandem GMAW

A numerical model based on fluid dynamics theory and electromagnetic theory is developed to simulate the dynamic metal transfer process in tandem gas metal arc welding (T-GMAW). The relationship between welding current and surface tension coefficient is modified by analysis of regression in this model. The numerical simulation of the metal transfer process in T-GMAW is compared with that in single-wire gas metal arc welding (SW-GMAW). It is found that a droplet transfers axially in SW-GMAW, but the droplets transfer non-axially in T-GMAW. To verify the accuracy of simulated results, the welding experiments were performed in which the actual metal transfer processes were recorded by high-speed photography. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. This transfer behavior in T-GMAW is analyzed by studying the distributions of physical quantities including pressure, velocity, and electric potential of the droplet. The simulated results reveal that the electromagnetic force between two droplets results in the different metal transfer process. With the increase of the welding current, the surface tension coefficient decreases and the electromagnetic force increases. As a consequence, the metal transfer process in T-GMAW is accelerated.     

ACQUIRING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION OF SPECTRUM INFORMATION OF WELDING METAL TRANSFER

In order to recognize various metal transfer modes, by the creation of a pattern recognition system for metal transfer mode, five kinds of spectrum signal in gas metal arc welding (MIG, MAG and CO2) are collected and taken as training samples. These samples are pretreated by computer. Several key characteristic parameters of the spectrum signal are creatively extracted, and a corresponding recognition function and a minimum-distance-classifier are constructed. The results show that using this method, the pattern recognition of several kinds of metal transfer mode for the metal gas arc welding can be done successfully. It has good accuracy and recognition precision, basis for controlling the metal gas arc welding metal transfer automatically, and relative important parameters in welding process, such as the frequency of droplet transfer and the approximate diameter of each droplet, can also be obtained.     

A novel DE-GMAW method to weld steel tubes on simplified condition

A novel double-electrode gas metal arc welding method to weld steel tubes was investigated in this paper. The new method combines two welding torches and current sensors with welding position and angel design. In addition, a new control system was designed to improve the quality of welding seams. Experiments showed that different positions of main torch and bypass torch had different influence on welding quality. With bypass arc voltage at 35?V and suitable main welding feeder speed (WFS) at 10.2?m/min (400?in/min, 195?A), double arcs were ignited well and metal transfer was in spray mode. When the bypass WFS was at 8.9?m/min (350?in/min, 195?amps), welding seam formation and welding seam penetration were good. High-speed photos had been provided to prove the experimental results.     

基于周期平均值外特性的脉冲MIG焊弧长稳定性研究

通过对脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert gas,MIG)焊脉冲平均电流电压变化率的计算,提出脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线,并对弧焊电源脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线和电弧静态性曲线的动态稳定工作点进行详细分析,得出利用脉冲平均值外特性控制脉冲MIG焊的控制策略。同时运用双闭环控制实现了基于弧压反馈的I/I模式控制数字化弧焊电源,此电源能在送丝速度稳定情况下自适应弧长扰动变化,实现脉冲弧焊过程一脉一滴熔滴过渡。通过弧长阶跃试验表明,脉冲弧焊过程中焊丝熔化速度快速跟踪弧长变化,具有良好的弧长动态调节性能,保持弧长动态稳定,即焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形良好,同时验证了分析过程正确性和设计过程的可行性。