水下弹性圆柱壳结构声辐射有源控制研究

研究了利用次级环带声源对水下有限长弹性圆柱壳结构振动声辐射进行有源控制。给出了初级圆柱和次级环带声源之间的互辐射阻抗计算公式,考虑流固耦合效应,利用二次最优理论,以辐射声功率最小化为目标函数,得到次级环带声源的最优激励力,最后计算控制前后远场辐射声压的空间分布。结果表明:利用次级环带声源可以对弹性圆柱壳结构振动辐射噪声进行控制,增大次级环带声源与初级圆柱壳间距,控制效果变差;次级激励力位置对辐射声功率控制效果也会产生影响。     

水下弹性圆柱壳结构声辐射有源控制研究

研究了利用次级环带声源对水下有限长弹性圆柱壳结构振动声辐射进行有源控制。给出了初级圆柱和次级环带声源之间的互辐射阻抗计算公式,考虑流固耦合效应,利用二次最优理论,以辐射声功率最小化为目标函数,得到次级环带声源的最优激励力,最后计算控制前后远场辐射声压的空间分布。结果表明:利用次级环带声源可以对弹性圆柱壳结构振动辐射噪声进行控制,增大次级环带声源与初级圆柱壳间距,控制效果变差;次级激励力位置对辐射声功率控制效果也会产生影响。     

近场结构声辐射模态分析

为减小由瑞利积分计算结构声辐射功率的复杂性及结构振动模态声辐射耦合对辐射效率的影响,提出以有限离散思想为基础的结构近场声辐射模态分析方法,该方法对结构辐射表面进行离散化,利用叠加原理建立近场声辐射模态模型和辐射声功率的计算公式。以简支板为例,利用有限元和边界元法对近场结构声辐射进行仿真分析,计算了结构声辐射模态,辐射效率,声功率及场点声压等声场特性参数,并讨论了不同力作用位置对结构声辐射的影响,得到了简支板结构在简谐激励力作用下的近场声辐射特性。该分析对复杂结构声的近场声辐射仿真计算和主动控制有重要指导意义。     

不同介质中圆柱壳体的低阶模态声辐射特性研究

基于Flugge壳体理论,利用柱坐标系下Green函数和模态展开法,推导了两端简支有限长圆柱壳的声振耦合方程,求解了圆柱壳的辐射声功率和表面均方振速,对比研究了圆柱壳在不同流体中各周向阶数对径向均方振速和辐射声功率的贡献。结果表明,有限长圆柱壳受简谐径向点力激励,空气中,较大周向阶数的振动模态对声功率产生一定量的贡献;当圆柱壳浸入水中时,低频范围内前几阶周向阶数的振动模态对水下圆柱壳辐射声功率的贡献最大。     

声腔-弹性板结构在不同激励下声辐射特性研究

以声腔-弹性板声振耦合模型为研究对象,对比分析该模型在点力激励和点声源激励下,激励位置、声腔厚度以及弹性边界等对弹性板声辐射功率、表面振速和腔内声压的影响及两种情况下的区别。弹性板的振动位移函数通过谱几何方法得到,并采用Hamliton原理,充分考虑了板的振动与板两侧声场之间的耦合。利用Rayleigh积分,可计算出弹性板的声辐射特性参数。结果表明,在简支约束情况时,点力和点声源两种激励下,激励位置、声腔厚度和弹性边界对板的声辐射功率、表面振速和腔内声压有不同的变化。在薄声腔时,点力激励下,声腔个别模态对板有明显影响。点声源激励下,模型耦合作用明显,弹性板的声辐射功率、表面振速和腔内声压主要受到耦合模态的影响,且点声源的耦合作用明显强于点力作用。相较于扭转刚度,直线刚度对声辐射的影响更大。     

船舶水下振动噪声传递特性研究

针对声固耦合算法在模拟船舶声振计算时存在的难题,基于Virtual Lab软件中的有限元和无限元声学耦合技术对船舶振动声辐射进行计算和分析。首先,利用ANSYS软件建立实验船的有限元模型。然后,利用Virtual Lab软件计算部分浸入水中的船舶结构辐射声场,详细分析了辐射声场指向性以及声场衰减规律,进而选取具有最大辐射声压且满足远场测量条件的目标场点。最后,开展了振源到目标场点的传递特性分析,识别出引起目标点响应的主导环节,使得减振降噪措施的实施更具针对性。     

球面多探头天线近场测试系统校准方法研究

球面多探头天线近场测试系统具有测试速度快,可获取待测天线的近场三维数据等优点。然而,多探头形成了多个测试通道,各通道不同的幅度和相位特性将会影响近场测试精度。针对各通道间的不一致性,首先对多探头系统进行机械校准,降低探头角度和位置误差;然后通过测量球面中心到每个探头的辐射信号进行电校准;仿真分析了系统误差和环境因素引起的幅相波动对近场数据外推远场方向图的影响。通过构建半球面多探头天线近场测试系统进行实验验证,结果表明了机械校准和电校准技术的有效性。将校准后的近场数据外推得到远场方向图,通过与远场测量方向图进行对比,验证了幅相误差对外推远场方向图的影响。     

不同方向的气体管道泄漏声发射信号模态特性分析

针对泄漏声发射信号多模态、频散及衰减特性导致泄漏定位误差大的问题,采用导波分析理论和壳体振动理论研究不同方向的泄漏信号的模态特性,通过选取最佳数据采集方向来减少泄漏定位误差。利用壳体振动理论分析管内气体与管壁之间的声学耦合作用,据此选择合适的导波分析模型来研究不同方向的泄漏声发射信号的模态类型、频散及衰减特性。通过实验证实了理论分析,研究结果表明,管道轴向声发射信号的主导模态为纵向模态,且轴向声发射信号表现出最弱的频散和衰减特性,这将为气体管道泄漏声发射信号中单一非频散模态提取提供新的思路。     

基于近场互谱法的医用聚焦超声场多参数检测

为实现医用聚焦超声场声学性能快速、准确检测,提出基于近场互谱测量技术的声参数检测方法。首先介绍了近场互谱法测量原理,实现聚焦声场的声压、声强、声功率检测;然后在COMSOL下建立聚焦换能器辐射声场有限元模型,分析其声场聚焦特性和传播形态,给出检测方案;最后,搭建了实验平台,验证了该方法的有效性和正确性。结果表明,通过聚焦声场的近场声源面预测焦域的声压分布,估算声功率,实现了对聚焦超声场的多个声性能参数检测,且具有较高的精度,有望应用于医用换能器的现场检测,有效监控医用聚焦超声设备的声性能,保证设备安全使用且满足治疗效果。     

不同边界条件下旋转薄壁短圆柱壳的强迫振动响应计算

为计算不同边界条件下旋转薄壁短圆柱壳的强迫振动响应特性,在总结前人所提出的两端简支边界条件下旋转有限长圆柱壳自由振动和谐波激励响应计算方法基础上,基于梁函数法,在位移函数的轴向引入含有不同边界条件特征的模态函数,从而得以求解。基于Love壳体理论,利用Harnilton原理建立了旋转薄壁短圆柱壳的振动微分方程,并利用Galerkin法进行离散简化为常微分方程。以简谐激励为例给出了一种以广义坐标形式表示的响应求解方法,由此求解出不同边界约束的旋转薄壁短圆柱壳的响应问题。通过试验对所提出响应计算方法的正确性进行了验证。     

THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF SOUND RADIATION FROM A HEAVY FLUID-LOADED CYLINDRICAL COATED SHELL

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薄壁柱壳零件的加工稳定性分析

根据薄壁柱壳在切削加工中的力学特点,应用有限元软件ANSYS建立了一类悬臂柱壳结构的有限元模型。对不同几何参数、切削力作用点和切削分力时柱壳的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明在切削力一定的情况下,较小曲率半径、弦长和壁厚的柱壳结构易发生屈曲变形;同时当几何参数不变时,合理设计各分力比例和装夹方式能够有效避免失稳。     

Frequency analysis of multiple layered cylindrical shells under lateral pressure with asymmetric boundary conditions

Natural frequency characteristics of a thin-walled multiple layered cylindrical shell under lateral pressure are studied. The multiple layered cylindrical shell configuration is formed by three layers of isotropic material where the inner and outer layers are stainless steel and the middle layer is aluminum. The multiple layered shell equations with lateral pressure are established based on Love＇s shell theory. The governing equations of motion with lateral pressure are employed by using energy functional and applying the Ritz method. The boundary conditions represented by end conditions of the multiple layered cylindrical shell are simply supported-clamped（SS-C）, free-clamped（F-C） and simply supported-free（SS-F）. The influence of different lateral pressures, different thickness to radius ratios, different length to radius ratios and effect of the asymmetric boundary conditions on natural frequency characteristics are studied. It is shown that the lateral pressure has effect on the natural frequency of multiple layered cylindrical shell and causes the natural frequency to increase. The natural frequency of the developed multilayered cylindrical shell is validated by comparing with those in the literature. The proposed research provides an effective approach for vibration analysis shell structures subjected to lateral pressure with an energy method.     

RESONANCE RADIATION OF SUBMERGED INFINITE CYLINDRICAL SHELL

The resonance sound radiation from submerged infinite elastic cylindrical shell, excited by internal harmonic line force, is investigated. The shell radiation power is presented in terms of resonant modal radiation derived from resonance radiation theory (RRT). The resonance radiation formulae are derived from classical Rayleigh normal mode solution, which are useful for understanding the mechanism of sound radiation from submerged shells. As an example, numerical calculation of a thin steel cylindrical shell is done by using these two methods. It seems that the results of RRT solutions are in good agreement with that of Rayleigh normal mode solutions.     

On calculating the secondary field of a finite hard cylindrical shell

Using an analytical method, a formula was obtained to calculate the acoustic pressure of the secondary hydroacoustic field reradiated by a perfectly hard finite cylindrical shell in the far-field region.     

管道系统振动声辐射的数值计算方法

基于管道振动的模态分析及谐响应分析,计算管道的声辐射效率,建立结构体振动与其辐射噪声之间的关系。文中首先建立管道的圆柱壳模型,进行管道结构动力学分析,采用有限元方法获得结构表面振动速度;然后根据结构声辐射理论,并且采用边界元法离散积分方程,通过建立管道的声场模型,得到管道结构在谐波激励下的声辐射效率,为降低噪声提供理论依据。计算结果表明,本文所建立的振动和声辐射模型及算法是有效的。     

Research on the underwater echo characteristics by hollow coaxial cylinder-cone assembled elastic shell

For the purpose to research the underwater echo characteristics of elastic shell,the numerical expressions of surface sound pressure and particle vibration velocity are derived based on finite element and boundary element theories.The echo characteristics of hollow coaxial cylinder-cone assembled elastic shell are calculated with simulation and experiment methods to obtained the azimuth angle and frequency characteristics.It's shown in the results that the more quantity of mesh point,the higher precision of calculation.Meanwhile,the magnitude of mirror reflection wave is largest in the echo wave between 20 and 40 kHz,and increases as the scattering cross-section.The backscatter sound pressure of elastic shell has the obvious frequency characteristic.     

Direct electrodynamic electromagnetic-acoustic transformation in a normal polarizing field: II. Acoustic field of the transition radiation zone

The behaviors of the amplitude of shear displacements and the angle of injection of elastic vibrations have been studied as functions of the frequency and geometry of electromagnetic-field transmitters via a numerical analysis based on the direct electromagnetic-acoustic transformation (EMAT) phenomenon described earlier. The presented data are analyzed with an approximate expression for the difference scheme of sound emission. It is shown that, as the frequency increases, the displacement amplitude reaches a maximum and then decreases. As the frequency increases, the angle of vibration injection abruptly decreases until the frequency of stabilization of the radiation-maximum position is reached and then becomes virtually frequency-independent when the values approximately corresponding to the radiation far-field zone are reached. Expressions are derived for the depth of the end of the radiation near-field zone and the conventional beginning of the radiation far-field zone. It is shown that, in the case of the difference radiation scheme corresponding to two-phase transmitters, the boundaries of both zones during EMAT are shifted from the surface to a distance corresponding to the ratio of the average diameter of the transmitter to the width of the emitting element.     

大跨度三心柱面网壳风压分布试验研究

通过大气边界层风洞刚性模型同步测压试验,对大跨度三心柱面网壳表面风压分布特性进行了研究。根据试验结果分析了结构不同风向下的平均和脉动风压分布、典型测点脉动风压谱以及相关性等。结果表明:风向角对网壳表面风压分布有较大的影响,一般情况下,结构迎风面为正压区,顶部为负压区,尾流区受分离、涡脱和再附等特征紊流影响明显;结构的边沿处受柱涡、锥形涡影响明显,风压梯度变化剧烈。迎风面大部分区域脉动风压功率谱类似于典型的纵向风湍流谱,呈单峰形状,主要激励为来流湍流;边沿处风压谱受特征湍流影响明显。结构表面相关性随测点间距离的增加而不断减小;风向不同,相关性衰减差别较大。