非光滑管道壁面减阻性能研究

旨在研究不同非光滑管道壁面流体摩擦阻力特性差异。基于仿生学原理和平板边界层理论,设计凹坑型、凸起型和波浪型3种非光滑管道壁面造型;采用数值模拟方法揭示不同非光滑管道壁面形态对流体摩擦阻力的影响规律;针对减阻性能最佳的凹坑型非光滑管道壁面,探索不同排列方式与流体减阻性能的关系。计算结果表明:凹坑型非光滑管道壁面沿程阻力系数最小,相比基准管道壁面模型其减阻率可提高35.57%;均匀排列方式的管道沿程减阻效果最显著。研究可对管道内壁面基于纹理减阻提供一定的参考依据。     

湍流边界层内钝体扰流的流动与传热特性

应用大涡模拟方法对小尺度开缝圆柱涡流发生器强化传热和流动减阻的机理进行研究。水平开缝圆柱置于充分发展湍流边界层内,分析不同间隙比对开缝圆柱尾流、湍流边界层拟序结构以及槽道底面流动与换热特性的影响。为验证所采用数值方法的准确性与可靠性,将矩形空槽道的计算结果与前人直接数值模拟结果及与采用相关准则关系式所得结果进行对比。计算结果表明：湍流边界层内钝体扰流的尾迹流与壁面边界层的相互作用能够显著提高槽道的换热性能。与未开缝的基准圆柱相比,间隙比小于2.0时,开缝圆柱通道的整体热性能较好;间隙比为2.0时,其综合性能系数最大;间隙比大于2.0时,整体热性能较差。与矩形空槽道相比,最大努塞尔数可提高17.45%,最小摩擦因数可减小4.94%。     

脊状表面水下航行器模型减阻实验与数值仿真

针对水下航行器提高航程和航速的需要,开展近壁面湍流边界层减阻的研究.在航行器模型外表面加工具有一定形状尺寸的脊状结构,导致湍流边界层的流动稳定性增强,壁面摩擦阻力降低.开展了轴对称航行器模型在高速水洞中的阻力测试并做了相应条件下的数值仿真,实验和数值仿真的结果基本一致.具有垂直流向脊状表面的航行器模型在一定来流速度范围内具有很好的减阻效果,脊状表面所受的压差阻力略有增大,占总阻力份额80%以上的粘性阻力显著降低,从而形成减阻效果.     

基于强化传热的扁平螺旋管结构优化数值模拟研究

基于强化传热技术,以光滑椭圆管为基本研究对象,对比不同扁平度n及导程S的扁平螺旋管,通过合理的简化与假设,采用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法对扁平螺旋管进行数值模拟研究,以期为该换热设备结构优化设计及实际工程应用提供参考。研究证明：扁平螺旋管与光管对比,扁平螺旋管内产生了明显的旋流运动,促进了流体在垂直于轴向方向的混合,使得管内流体的轴向速度增大,且这种混合使得换热管边界层厚度变薄,保持了较高的温度梯度,达到了强化传热的目的;扁平螺旋换热管的旋转程度越大（即相同的截面尺寸,S越小）,换热管的强化换热的性能越好,但换热管内流体介质的流动阻力也相应越大,所以导程S在84～150之间为扁平螺旋管导程的优选区间;扁平螺旋管的压扁程度不一定越扁越好,当换热管的扁平度过大时,会导致扁平螺旋管的努塞尔数Nu急剧下降,压降△P急剧增加,使得换热管的强化换热效果降低,而当换热管的扁平度过小时,努塞尔数Nu和压降△P变化缓慢,对换热管的强化换热影响较弱,所以扁平度n的最佳选择是0.7～1.4。     

超疏水表面减阻特性的研究进展

超疏水表面具有减阻效果,在提高管道传输效率、降低水下航行体和微流体器件中流动阻力等方面有着广阔的应用前景。介绍超疏水表面的制备、滑移理论以及减阻特性的研究,讨论微尺度下表面润湿性、表面微结构和流场流动状态对壁面减阻的影响,对超疏水壁面减阻的物理机制进行总结,并指出气体层不连续模型和气穴模型是分别适用于光滑疏水表面和带微结构超疏水表面的减阻模型。介绍超疏水表面减阻特性的一些应用,提出将超疏水表面应用到微流体系统中面临的问题,如微通道壁面疏水性的制备及其减阻效果的耐久性。     

双V型波纹板式换热器的数值研究

利用三维模拟研究了双V型波纹板式换热器内部的换热阻力特性、换热面的温度分布,以及波纹通道内流动形态。结果表明,传热系数K、进出口压降随着Re的增大而增大,数值模拟结果可以较好吻合试验趋势。相比RNG k-e,SST k-w湍流模型所得的结果与试验结果吻合更好。波纹板片均流区的压降占整个通道压降损失的10%~20%,合理设计此部分区域可以提高整个板式换热器运行的经济性。在上下壁面接触点附近存在复杂的二次流,此部分区域的漩涡会减弱流动及换热边界层,强化换热。由于漩涡流向与槽道走向并不一致,漩涡的存在同时会加大压降损失。同时,双V型波纹板片较好地削弱了流体分配不均匀的现象。     

小尺度圆柱涡流发生器的传热与流动特性

应用大涡模拟对设置小尺度圆柱涡流发生器矩形槽道底面的流动与传热特性进行研究,小尺度圆柱涡流发生器置于湍流边界层内。分析不同间隙比对槽道流动结构、槽道底面Nusselt数、摩擦因数以及综合性能系数的影响。此外,采用大涡模拟所得槽道计算结果与前人直接数值模拟结果一致性很好,验证所采用数值方法的准确性与可靠性。研究结果表明,与未设置小尺度圆柱涡流发生器的矩形槽道相比,设置小尺度圆柱涡流发生器槽道底面的换热性能可以得到显著提高,同时其流动阻力的增加亦得到有效抑制。当间隙比为2.0时,槽道底面换热性能最佳,其Nusselt数可提高18.76%;而当间隙比为0.5时,槽道底面减阻效果最佳,摩擦因数可减小3.77%。     

冷却水进出方式对芯片散热器换热性能影响

为了提高水冷散热器的散热能力、控制其温度均匀性,研究四种不同水冷散热器的进出水方式对芯片散热效果的影响。A型散热器采用传统的散热器形式,进出口位于散热器两端。B-D型散热器采用中间垂直射流,在散热器四角分别设置1个、2个、4个出水口。通过数值模拟分析不同冷却水流量下散热器的换热效果。数值模拟结果经过试验验证。通过Nu数、速度分布、压力损失、综合效应四个方面对散热器的换热性能进行分析。结果显示四出口散热器的Nu数低于单出口散热器,但流动阻力小,散热器综合系数较高,不会造成局部热点。中间射流四出口散热器具有较好的换热和流动效果。     

凹坑非光滑表面减阻技术数值模拟研究

对于管道输送,减小输送阻力消耗十分重要.对于减小输送阻力消耗,应用非光滑表面减阻技术尤为关键.利用流体力学知识,通过使用数值模拟软件,建立凹坑理论模型,以RNG κ-ε模型为基础进行分析,模拟计算了光滑表面和矩阵排布的凹坑表面.将两种表面流场分别进行数值模拟,得到不同的减阻效果.通过计算分析可以得出,在不同速度下,发现h = 0.05 mm的凹坑表面的减阻效果较好;针对12m·s-1工况下的凹坑表面进行分析,其平均剪切力小于光滑表面,说明凹坑内部的流体在压力差的作用下,产生低速旋流气体,促进主流区域流动,进而减小总阻力.     

水平槽道内几种周期性结构的传热与流动研究

采用数值模拟方法,对流体在不同周期性结构二维水平槽道内的传热性能与流动特性进行研究。分析不同雷诺数条件下,布置于槽道下壁面的障碍块表面时均努塞尔数Nu及表面摩擦因数μ的变化规律。计算结果表明,当障碍块之间量纲一距离分别为0.50和0.25、雷诺数Re=1 000时;槽道上、下壁面均布置障碍块的传热性能较仅在槽道下壁面布置障碍块的传热性能有了显著提高,前者比后者的传热性能分别提高393%和574%。当雷诺数Re=500、障碍块之间量纲一距离为0.50时,对在槽道中间设置一斜板与不设置斜板两种情况进行比较后发现,设置斜板的槽道比不设置斜板的槽道传热性能提高27.1%。当在下壁障碍块右上角处放置一小圆柱体后发现:传热性能并未得到有效提高,但流动摩擦因数有所减小,从而使得输送流体的泵功降低。     

A numerical study of the fluid flow and heat transfer around a single row of tubes in a channel using immerse boundary method

The analysis of the time-dependent and two-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer around a single row of tubes in a channel is performed numerically. Due to its fundamental significance and practical importance, aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of tube bundle have been paid great attention by many researchers. In the present study, the immersed boundary method is applied by using a Cartesian grid system. Numerical solution for the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation is obtained with the finite volume method. To validate the numerical approach with the immersed boundary method, the results have been compared with published data. The generation and evolution of vortical structures, wake interactions and their effects on the drag, lift and heat transfer are analyzed at different Reynolds numbers. The effect of hydraulic boundary layer development on the fluid flow and heat transfer is also investigated.     

Numerical investigation of effects of buoyancy around a heated circular cylinder in parallel and contra flow

Two-dimensional, steady, incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations are expressed in the stream function/vorticity formulation and solved numerically by finite difference method to study effects of buoyancy on fluid flow and heat transfer from a horizontal circular cylinder. The cylinder is exposed to approaching flow stream, for parallel (parallel flow) and opposing (contra flow) directions to the buoyant force. Two different thermal boundary conditions were considered at the cylinder surface: constant temperature (CT) and constant heat flux (CHF). The results elucidating the dependence of the flow and heat transfer characteristics on the Richardson number 0≤ Ri ≤ 2, Prandtl number 0 ≤ Pr ≤ 100 and Reynolds number 0 ≤ Re ≤ 40 are presented. Overall, for parallel flow regime, an increase in the Ri led to a raise in both Nusselt number and drag coefficient. However, for contra flow regime, these trends were reversed. For both regimes, the aforementioned behaviors were more pronounced for CT boundary condition than that for the CHF boundary condition.     

椭圆形丁胞数目及分布对传热管内流动和传热特性的影响

通过建立含不同参数椭圆形丁胞的传热管有限元模型,仿真研究雷诺数Re在5000~40000范围内椭圆形丁胞数目、轴向间距及交叉分布对传热管内流体介质流动及传热特性的影响规律。仿真研究结果表明,相比于光滑传热管,椭圆形丁胞的存在将增强对流传热的效果,且雷诺数Re越大越明显,但同时也会增加流体通过传热管时的流动阻力。此外,在雷诺数Re=40000时,椭圆形丁胞圆周分布数目N=6、轴向间距P=14 mm以及交叉分布角度为0°对传热管内流体的流动和传热综合特性影响最大,相比于光滑传热管,PEC分别达到1.156,1.15和1.13。     

排尘孔涡轮冷却叶片叶顶流动与传热研究

涡轮叶片叶顶排尘孔用于清除冷气中掺杂的尘粒,以保证气膜孔和冲击孔的可靠工作,但排尘孔射流引起叶顶流动和传热问题。采用参数化方法建立有、无排尘孔涡轮冷却叶片几何模型,基于包含叶片主体、主燃气通道和三腔回流式内冷却通道的全局模型,采用流热耦合数值分析,开展排尘孔对涡轮冷却叶片叶顶流动与传热问题的初步研究。研究结果表明,对比有、无排尘孔叶片,排尘孔射流可降低叶顶平均温度约25 K;冷却通道对流换热作用和叶顶排尘孔射流可使叶顶平面降温400～600 K,冷却效果与冷却通道冷气流量和尘孔结构在叶顶位置相关;排尘孔叶顶射流对叶顶间隙高温燃气泄漏具有阻碍作用,可以提高叶片总压恢复系数约0.5%～1.5%,随着冷气流量的增大,这种作用增强;尘孔结构设计应兼顾射流对叶顶流动与传热的共同影响。     

Laminar forced convective heat transfer to near-critical water in a tube

Numerical modeling is carried out to investigate forced convective heat transfer to nearcritical water in developing laminar flow through a circular tube. Due to large variations of thermo-physical properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near thermodynamic critical point, heat transfer characteristics show quite different behavior compared with pure forced convection. With flow acceleration along the tube unusual behavior of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor occurs when the fluid enthalpy passes through pseudocritical point of pressure in the tube. There is also a transition behavior from liquid-like phase to gas-like phase in the developing region. Numerical results with constant heat flux boundary conditions are obtained for reduced pressures from 1.09 to 1.99. Graphical results for velocity, temperature, and heat transfer coefficient with Stanton number are presented and analyzed.     

涡轮叶栅通道中的流动显示

在大尺寸低速叶栅传热风洞中对一种高压涡轮导向叶栅的流场进行了流动显示实验研究。分别采用线簇和小球浮动法对五个雷诺数下的叶栅端壁区三维流场、叶片表面和端壁表面的流动进行了显示。实验结果表明 :涡轮叶栅中有强烈的二次流动 ,并存在复杂的涡系 ;三维流动区约占叶栅通道的 40 % ;雷诺数的增大将增强端壁区的三维流动。流场显示图片说明 :叶片吸力面靠近端壁有角涡形成与发展 ,并存在一个三角形区域 ;流场显示的通道涡大小与流场测量结果吻合。本文的实验结果可用于分析端壁表面和叶片表面换热特性的形成机理     

A naphthalene sublimation study on heat/mass transfer for flow over a flat plate

It is important to completely understand heat/mass transfer from a flat plate because it is a basic element of heat/mass transfer. In the present study, local heat/mass transfer coefficient is obtained for two flow conditions to investigate the effect of boundary layer using the naphthalene sublimation technique. Obtained local heat/mass transfer coefficient is converted to dimensionless parameters such as Sherwood number, Stanton number and Colburnj-factor. These also are compared with correlations of laminar and turbulent heat/mass transfer from a flat plate. According to experimental results, local Sherwood number and local Stanton number are in much better agreement with the correlation of turbulent region rather than laminar region, which means analogy between heat/mass transfer and momentum transfer is more suitable for turbulent boundary layer. But average Sherwood number and average Colburnj-factor representing analogy between heat/mass transfer and momentum transfer are consistent with the correlation of laminar boundary layer as well as turbulent boundary layer.     

Flow and heat transfer measurements of film injectant from a row of holes with compound angle orientations

An experiment has been conducted on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of film coolant injected from a row of five holes with compound angle orientations of 35° inclination angle and 45° orientation angle. The Reynolds number number based on the mainstream velocity and injection hole diameter 3.58 x10⁴. Three-dimensional velocity, film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient data are presented at three different mass flux ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. Flow entrainment has been found between the vortices generated by adjacent injectants. The injectant with compound angle orientation entrains not only the mainstream boundary layer flow but also the adjacent injectant. Because of the flow entrainment, the injectant. With compound angle orientation is characterized by a single vortex while two bound vortices are usually observed in the case of simple angle injection. The strength of the secondary flow depends strongly on the mass flux ratio, which shows significant influence on the film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient.     

Effect of circular cylinder location on three-dimensional natural convection in a cubical enclosure

This paper presents the results of immersed boundary method-based three-dimension numerical simulations of natural convection in a cubical enclosure with an inner circular cylinder at a Prandtl number of 0.7. This simulation spans three decades of Rayleigh number, Ra, from 10³ to 10⁶. The location of the inner circular cylinder is changed vertically along the centerline of the cubical enclosure. This study primarily focuses on the effects of both buoyancy-induced convection and the location of the inner circular cylinder on heat transfer and fluid flow in the cubical enclosure. In the range of Rayleigh numbers considered in this study, the thermal and flow fields eventually reach steady state, regardless of the location of the inner cylinder. When Ra is 10³, the end wall of the cubical enclosure has a negligible effect on the thermal and flow fields in the enclosure. However, in the range of 10⁴ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶, the effect of the end wall on heat transfer and fluid flow in the enclosure depends on both the location of the inner cylinder and the Rayleigh number. Detailed analysis results for the distribution of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers are presented in this paper.