非调制双色红外测温误差实时补偿方法研究

针对环境温度变化对双色红外测温准确度的影响,基于双色比色红外测温原理,分析了非调制双色红外测温的误差来源,提出一种新的快门式非调制双色红外测温方法。在光路中增加快门及其控制模块,控制快门闭合,将测得系统偏移作为补偿项,补偿实际测温时因温度变化给测量带来的误差。仿真结果表明,在600～1 100℃的测温范围内,长时间使用的无快门非调制红外双色测温的精度严重劣化,而快门式非调制双色红外测温的准确度大幅提高,可达到±0.5%。     

大锻件热态在线尺寸测量研究综述

大型锻件尺寸的在线测量是锻造中的重要环节．测量方法的实用性、测量精度的等级直接关系到工人的健康及锻件材料利用率。迄今为止,曾出现过几种测量方法。本文依次介绍了直接测量法、激光束投射法、光学测量法、电子经纬仪测量系统、激光扫描法,以及CCD图像测量法等主要方法,分析了各种方法的主要优缺点,并展望了大型敛件尺寸在线测量技术的发展趋势。     

大型锻件外形尺寸在线测量

为了实现大型锻件外形尺寸的在线测量,提出了一种新的测量方法。首先通过激光扫描仪扫描锻件表面,将得到扫描仪到锻件表面的距离信息转化为坐标信息,然后导入三维设计软件中构建锻件的三维模型,再提取截面后,给出锻件的尺寸信息,从而实现大型锻件外形尺寸的在线测量。     

基于激光扫描的环形锻件径向尺寸测量方法

在环形锻件环轧成形过程中,径向截面尺寸数据在很大程度上影响着环形锻件的锻造精度。由于轧制环境的复杂性以及高强度的噪声干扰,扫描数据量很大,据此测量得到的径向尺寸精度较低,因此,提出了一种环形锻件径向截面尺寸测量新方法。对激光扫描数据建立信息空间集合,并以连续的同心圆划分信息空间;根据信息空间内各区域间的信息关系,引入一致连续性系数并结合梯度下降法来求解待定系数;根据扫描数据点密度设定精简比率,结合精简比率与待定系数来确定每一同心圆各部分需要保留的点数,删去其余点及两同心圆相交部分的重复点;重复上述方法遍历激光扫描数据,对环形锻件的径向截面激光扫描数据进行处理。将该测量方法应用在实验中,从处理后的激光扫描径向截面形线数据中提取径向截面各尺寸数据,将处理前后所测得的数据与真实值进行对比,发现处理后得到的数据精度更高,误差更小,证明了该方法的可行性。     

单片微机控制的激光扫描式热轧加工质量测控系统

开发了由单片微机控制的激光扫描式热轧加工质量测控系统 ,介绍了激光扫描测量原理以及测控系统的硬、软件设计。该系统可在恶劣工况条件下实现对热轧件外径尺寸的非接触式在线自动测量及加工质量监控。     

CCD电缆外径测量仪的研制

本文介绍了一种以单片机进行数据处理的ＣＣＤ电缆外径测量仪，并采用边缘撮技术提高尺寸测量精度。与激光扫描式测径仪相比，该测量仪有抗干扰能力强，测量精度，动态好等优点。     

钢管管端内外径测量系统的设计与实现

为了实现对钢管管端内外径、不圆度的自动化非接触快速测量,设计并实现了一种钢管管端内外径测量系统。该系统利用转台带动激光三角法位移传感器绕钢管中轴线转动的方法来测量管端截面整个圆周的外径和内径尺寸,然后利用圆心拟合算法修正转台中轴线与钢管中轴线不重合带来的误差。通过平移台自动调整测量截面与管端的距离,大型升降台调节管心对齐高度,双臂平移台调节可测量管径范围,自动实现对不同管径钢管的非接触测量。实验结果表明:系统测量精度小于0.05mm;重复性限小于等于5μm;每个管端截面测量500个点时,测量时间小于25s。设计的系统具有精度高、操作简便、测量速度快的优点,满足无缝钢管生产在线检测的要求,并已经在天津天管元通管材制品有限公司通过离线测试。     

一种基于TN901非接触式红外测温系统的设计

非接触式红外测温系统广泛应用于医疗、自动检测等实际领域。该文设计的非接触式红外测温系统遴选单片机AT89S51芯片为测温系统的主控,利用非接触式TN901红外温度传感器进行温度的实时采集,并将采集到的温度信息传递给单片机AT89S51的I/O(P2)口,然后由单片机AT89S51程序计算公式i Temp=i Temp/16-273.15将数据转换为温度值,再由9012型三极管构成的放大电路驱动四位一体数码管,实现温度的实时显示。基于TN901非接触式红外测温系统测量精度±0.1℃、分辨率0.1℃,工作电源为+5 V,工作环境温度≤60℃、湿度≤90%。该非接触式红外测温系统具有响应时间短,稳定性能好,温度分辨率高和使用方便、寿命长的特点。     

轴承锻件整径工艺

整径工艺是近年来轴承套圈锻造生产的一个新发展趋势。本文以铁路轴承353130B外圈锻件为例，分析了锻件存在的质量问题，并通过合理的工艺和模具设计，降低锻件的椭圆度和锥度，从而达到提高锻件尺寸精度和材料利用的目的。     

基于结构光视觉的锻件尺寸测量系统

在介绍国内外锻件尺寸测量方法研究现状的基础上,基于结构光视觉搭建锻件尺寸测量系统。应用这一测量系统在车间现场对工件尺寸进行了测量,并进行了误差分析。通过研究确认,基于结构光视觉的锻件尺寸测量系统具有较高的测量精度。     

An optical non-contact measurement method for hot-state size of cylindrical shell forging

Using the present method the inner diameter cannot be measured. So an optical non-contact measurement method for measuring inner and outer diameters of cylindrical shell forgings is proposed. Firstly, an infrared dual-color temperature measurement system is devised based on the three-level interference filter. Secondly, the relationship between temperature and size is derived. Using this relationship the inner diameter is measured by combining the outer diameter and temperature. The outer diameter is measured by laser scanning technology and the temperature is measured by infrared temperature measurement technology. Thereby the measurement for hot-state size of cylindrical shell forging is achieved. Finally, the measuring method is feasible according to the experimental result.     

Measurement technology of the hot-state size for heavy shell ring forging

The measurement technology of the hot-state size for heavy shell ring forging is researched. A measurement technology is proposed and designed in this paper. The outer diameter is measured by laser scanning technology. The relationship between temperature and size is derived. Using this relationship, the inner diameter is measured by combining the outer diameter and temperature. The temperature is measured by infrared temperature measurement technology based on three-level interference filter. The measuring method is feasible according to the experimental result. Thereby, the measurement for hot-state size of heavy shell ring forging is achieved, and the requirement of the large forgings' green manufacture is fulfilled.     

An improved online dimensional measurement method of large hot cylindrical forging

The dimensional measurement of large forgings under high temperature plays an important role in product control. Cylindrical forgings belong to the important products in the forging workshop. In this paper, an improved online measurement method based on binocular vision for the dimensions of hot cylindrical forgings is proposed. Firstly, images of hot cylindrical forgings are captured by two CCD cameras, and the distorted light stripes projected onto hot cylindrical forgings can be resolved from the image by the deviated stripe model. Then, an accurate sub-pixel extraction algorithm of center points of the light stripes is developed for making the extraction of center points of the lights stripes more accurate. Moreover, for changing the field of view of cameras to measure different sections of forgings in the process of manufacturing, the fundamental matrix F is automatically calculated by matching the intersecting points of the projected light stripes in different images, without interrupting the forging process. Finally, experiments on measuring the diameters of hot cylindrical forgings in the workshop are conducted, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed measurement method is effective. Besides, an additional experiment in the laboratory verifies that the relative error of measuring diameters by the presented method is less than 0.7%.     

Measurement and control technology of the size for large hot forgings

Aiming at the different characteristics and measurement requirements of large hot forgings, a size measurement and control method is proposed. For irregular forgings, a measurement model based on line laser scanning is first constructed and then a solution of the optical center motion trail on the basis of the chessboard reference plane is proposed. The motion trail is solved according to the feature point coordinates on the reference plane in different frames. The overall three-dimensional size is finally achieved by combining the measurement model with the optical center motion trail. In addition, for regular forgings, under the guidance of images obtained by CCD, the two-dimensional size can be achieved according to the displacement of the line laser along the rail. Moreover, the size control of the forgings can be realized by rolling reduction control and the working position location. The measuring method proposed is feasible according to the experimental results.     

自定心深孔参数测量装置及测量方法

深孔内径尺寸测量是大型精密仪器零件加工、制造、装配以及测量过程中的一项重要技术。在研究现有深孔测量方法的基础上,设计了一种具有自定心功能的深孔参数测量装置,背向设置的双锥体自平衡结构来实现测量主轴在被测深孔内的径向定心,对称布置的激光测距传感器进行孔径参数的实时测量,数据记录装置完成测量数据的记录与处理。与现有测量系统比较,该设计优于光杠式行走测量装置,可用于中大型精密仪器轴孔内径的高精度自动化在线测量。     

Image-based measurement of the dimensions and of the axis straightness of hot forgings

Non-contact measurement of shapes and dimensions is currently quite a common issue. A lot of systems with different speeds and accuracies are in the market. Measurement of high temperature objects is, however, a very special task which ensures a specific solution. This paper presents a measurement system composed of two high resolution single-lens reflex cameras and a software application, which is designed for the fast measurement of shapes and dimensions of rotationally symmetric forgings. The software computes the length, diameter, and straightness of the axis, based on a 3D model constructed from four boundary curves of the forging captured in two images. Experimental measurements have shown an error of up to 2% for the length measurement and 1% for the diameter measurement. Results are available in a few seconds. The proposed measurement approach based on boundary curves shows a great potential for practical use in forging plants.     

Dimension measurement of hot large forgings with a novel time-of-flight system

The dimension measurement of hot large forgings is necessary for process control and product quality. However, the conventional technique in forging plants leads to a high scrap rate of raw materials. In order to reduce the waste and increase the productivity, this paper presents a novel measurement technique based on the pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser radar to measure the dimensions of hot large forgings. The system consists of a TOF, a scanning device of the two-degree-of-freedom (2-dof) spherical parallel mechanism (SPM), and two motors. Then, its measuring principle and the SPM are described. A special data-processing method is developed to extract the dimensions and the shape of a large forging by scanning for a few times. The laboratory experiments indicate that the shape and dimensions such as the diameter and length can be achieved by virtue of the TOF system. The dimension measurement in a forging plant is also conducted to verify the effectiveness of the presented system.     

基于激光三角法货车体积测量系统的标定研究

高速公路"绿色通道"检查中,利用比重法检查违规货品,其中准确获得货车车厢体积是实现该检测方法的前提。为了能准确地测量货车车厢体积,需要对基于激光三角法的货车体积测量系统进行标定。通过对摄像机内外参数和激光面进行标定,就可以完成对货车车厢体积准确的测量。     

高精度差动型激光多普勒大直径测量系统

研制了一种可高精度在线测量大尺寸回转体工件直径及圆度误差的差动型激光多普勒大直径测量系统 ,介绍了系统的测量原理及信号处理技术 ,分析了系统测量精度的影响因素     

用于激光频率参数测量的飞秒光学频率梳

近年来随着光纤制造技术和飞秒激光技术的成熟,以掺铒(Er)光纤光学频率梳为代表的频率梳技术,逐步突破了光学 频率测量领域,在长度测量、精密光谱分析、超低相位噪声微波频率产生、精密时间频率传递、温度测量等领域发挥出越来越重 要的作用,已成为许多高端科研领域的基础性工具。 但飞秒光学频率梳所解决的重要问题是对激光频率进行测量。 本文主要 面向激光频率参数测量的需求,研制基于掺 Er 光纤飞秒激光器的光学频率梳,在实现光学频率梳稳定运转的前提下,通过非线 性光学频率变换技术,实现光谱范围从掺 Er 光纤光学频率梳的中心波长向各个待测激光波长的转换,并完成与多个不同波长 激光的拍频信号探测。 目前已验证的飞秒光梳可测频率范围为 500 ~ 2 000 nm;频率稳定度和准确度为 10 -16 量级;线宽为 Hz 量级。 该指标满足了激光频率特性参数测量的需求,为激光绝对频率、频率漂移、线宽等参数的测量提供了基础性的测量工具。