CTAB混合反胶团萃取工业脂肪酶

研究了CTAB与Tween、含氧有机物形成的混合反胶团对工业脂肪酶进行萃取分离的效果. 实验表明,CTAB-Tween85和CTAB-含氧有机物混合反胶团的萃取率高于单一CTAB反胶团;反萃时CTAB-含氧有机物混合反胶团的反萃率与单一CTAB反胶团的反萃率相似,CTAB-Tween60和Tween40混合反胶团的反萃效果优于单一CTAB反胶团. 通过测定反萃水相的酶活,发现CTAB-TRPO混合反胶团的效果最好,酶活回收率最高,可以达到70%.     

TRPO-AOT/异辛烷反胶团体系萃取细胞色素C和牛血红蛋白

将中性磷氧萃取剂与阴离子型表面活性剂混合溶解在异辛烷中，形成混合反胶团，萃取蛋白质结果表明，该体系对分子量较小的细胞色素Ｃ及分子量较大的牛血红蛋白的萃取性能均比单一反胶团体系更好，萃取曲线均呈“钟”形与单一反胶团相比，混合反胶团中的牛血红蛋白更易被反萃，而细胞色素Ｃ难被反萃，所以，混合反胶团体系更适合于分离纯化牛血红蛋白有机相乳化及温度对混合体系萃取蛋白质性能有较大的影响此外，混合反胶团比单一反胶团大，它们的形貌均为球形     

磷的一种间接测定方法

研究了醋酸丁酯萃取磷钼杂多酸铬合物的最佳条件,选用乙醇的稀硫酸溶液洗涤进入有机相中的钼酸盐,用氨水反萃有机相中与磷结合的钼,以硫氰酸钾为显色剂,吐温-20进行胶束增溶测定钼,从而间接测定磷含量.     

红霉素协同萃取新工艺研究

从反应萃取的机理出发,进一步研究了红霉素的协同萃取新体系,以期克服采用醋酸丁酯萃取剂在萃取过程中耗量大、回收溶剂能耗高等缺点,同时也是对中性络合萃取体系的改进。本文研究筛选了适宜的协萃体系,此体系由脂肪醇和极性稀释溶剂组成;建立了协萃分配模型,确定了萃取工艺条件。实验表明,适宜的协萃体系对红霉素的萃取分配系数是醋酸丁酯体系的四倍以上。在此基础上采用实际发酵滤液进行了溶剂相和水相的成盐实验,与醋酸丁酯萃取的传统工艺比较,在同样实验条件下溶剂损耗可减少70％以上。     

离子液体反胶团中青霉素酰化酶的水解反应特性

反胶团是表面活性剂在非极性溶剂中自聚形成的微观结构．其亲水头部朝内,疏水尾部朝外,形成可容纳极性溶质的水相空腔,在蛋白质萃取及酶催化方面得到广泛研究．对于用青霉素酰化酶水解青霉素生产6-氨基青霉烷酸（6-APA）的工艺,反胶团兼具高效性与分离便利的优点Ⅲ．目前反胶团的调控主要集中在水含量、pH值与阴离子类型等方面,对表面活性剂头部的作用还缺乏了解．     

溶剂萃取新技术述评

本文就溶剂萃取技术的新进展作一评述,介绍了近年来发展的几种淀粉地取新技术：超临界流体萃取、反胶团萃了 波萃取、微波萃取、电泳萃,磁场协助萃取、等。     

P_(204)—正辛烷萃取和反萃Fe(Ⅲ)机理的研究

本文研究了P_(204)-正辛烷萃取体系,在硫酸介质中萃取和反萃Fe(Ⅲ)的规律.从胶体化学和结构化学的角度,通过对P_(204)-正辛烷负荷铁有机相组成、水含量的变化规律以及傅里叶变换红外光谱和动态光散射的测定表明,P_(204)萃取铁的过程是反相胶团形成过程,而反萃过程是反相胶团被破坏的过程.从而提出了一个新的可能的萃取反应机理.     

浅谈青霉素G钾提取工序中醋酸丁酯的套用

浅谈青霉素Ｇ钾提取工序中醋酸丁酯的套用汪桂凤（唐山市冀东制药厂唐山市０６３０３０）１前言青霉素Ｇ钾用途广泛，主要作为生产青霉素类药品的原料。青霉素Ｇ钾的生产需经过提取工序，醋酸丁酯在该工序中的套用是降低产品成本的一个有效方法，值得研究和推广。２套用方...     

竞争性抑制剂对反胶团萃取过程中α胰凝乳蛋白酶活力的稳定作用

研究了竞争性抑制剂苯基硼酸对a胰凝乳蛋白酶反胶团萃取过程的影响及对酶活力的稳定作用. 研究发现,向AOT/isooctane 反胶团中添加一定量的苯基硼酸,萃取率会略有增加,反萃取率则无显著变化. 酶活力的回收率显著提高,酶活力对萃取和反萃时间的耐受性显著增强. 苯基硼酸和a胰凝乳蛋白酶之间的特异性亲和作用是产生这种影响的原因.     

浅析离心机在萃取溶液分离中的应用

青霉素发酵液通过醋酸丁酯进行萃取必须在酸性环境下进行,工艺要求进行醋酸丁酯与酸性水溶液的分离。国内某厂生产的防爆型卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机,通过实际生产检验,成功实现了液液两相物料分离,打破了国外离心机的垄断。结合青霉素生产工艺的难点,通过对该型离心机工作原理的介绍和设备结构配置及功能的分析,展示了离心机结构性能要点。     

脂肪醇类溶剂对青霉素的萃取

研究了不同醇类及醇酯混合体系对青霉素的萃取. 在pH=4的条件下脂肪醇及醇酯混合体系的萃取能力均高于乙酸丁酯. 具有相同碳原子数、带支链的脂肪醇对青霉素的萃取能力比直链醇强,平衡后的有机相水含量下降. 红外光谱分析表明：乙酸丁酯的加入使脂肪醇羟基谱带变宽且明显向高波数方向位移,能阻止醇的多聚,使羟基活性增强. 激光拉曼光谱结果证明：青霉素是以反相微乳液的形式进入脂肪醇相的;支链的存在使体系的有序性和极性都明显增加.     

Partition Behavior of Penicillin in Three-liquid-phase Extraction System

Partition behavior of penicillins G and V was studied in a novel three-liquid-phase extraction system, which is composed of butyl acetate (BA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), ammonia sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] and water (H2O). The main components in the top, middle and bottom phases are butyl acetate, polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and ammonia sulfate aqueous solution, respectively. Some parameters such as partition coefficients Di/j and mass fractions Ei of penicillins G and V were determined at the room temperature, respectively. Experimental efforts have been made to investigate the partition behavior of penicillin in the three-liquid-phase extraction system, including initial concentrations of phase-forming components [PEG and (NH4)2SO4], PEG molecular weight, pH, initial concentration of penicillin. The results indicated that penicillins G and V have the similar partition behavior. They preferentially distribute into the middle phase with the increase of initial concentration of phase-forming components and into the top phase with the decrease of pH, while partition coefficient Dm/b is hardly affected by pH value. The variation of PEG molecular weight has little effect on mass fractions of penicillin. The increase of initial concentration of penicillins G and V could lead to the increase of Dt/b, Dm/b and the decrease of Dt/m, while their mass fractions in all phases were almost independent on their initial concentrations.     

Nucleation Kinetics and Growth Model of Penicillin Sulfoxide in Butyl Acetate

Nucleation kinetics and a growth model of penicillin sulfoxide in butyl acetate were studied. Nucleation parameters such as energy per unit volume, radius of critical nucleus, critical free energy barrier, and nucleation rate were evaluated. A laser method was selected to detect the first crystal in induction period studies. By means of scanning electron microscopy and surface entropy factor, the growth model of penicillin sulfoxide developed from butyl acetate could be determined.     

Improved extraction of penicillin G using hydrocarbon sulfoxides

Extraction of penicillin G with sulfoxide extractants, petroleum sulfoxide (PSO) and di‐isooctyl sulfoxide (DISO) was researched systematically. Based on research of the extraction equilibrium of penicillin G, the suitable extraction and re‐extraction conditions were determined, and then extraction cascade and bench‐scale experiments were carried out. The performance of extraction systems composed of PSO and DISO, with sulfonated kerosene as the diluent, is superior to that of n‐butyl acetate owing to the low solubility of these new extractants in water. Their consumption during the extraction process was lower, and the recovery step of extractants from aqueous raffinate was eliminated. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

青霉素制备青霉素亚砜的研究

以青霉素G钾盐与低质量分数过氧乙酸为原料氧化制备青霉素亚砜 ,其最佳工艺条件为 :n(C16 H18N2 O4 SK)∶n(CH3CO3H) =1 .0∶( 1 1～ 1 2 ) ,反应温度 0～ 5℃ ,反应时间 2 .0～ 2 5h ,w(CH3CO3H) =8 5% ,w(CH3CO2 H) =1 0 %。青霉素亚砜收率达 96 8%。同时建立了青霉素亚砜的半定量分析方法 ,以硅胶G为固定相 ,以V(CH3CO2 C4 H9 n)∶V(CH3CO2 H)∶V(NaH2 PO4 -H2 O)∶V(C4 H9OH n) =6.0∶2 .0∶1 .0∶0 5为流动相 ,用TLC法对产品进行半定量分析检测 ,并经IR、MS谱图验证了产品结构。     

青霉素亚砜结晶生长与成核动力学

利用Mydlarz 和 Jones 模型（MJ2）,对乙酸丁酯中青霉素亚砜的成核与生长动力学进行研究。通过矩量法对MJ2模型进行处理后,利用晶体产品的粒度分布计算得到青霉素亚砜的生长速率与成核速率,然后利用最小二乘法拟合回归求解出成核与生长动力学方程参数。通过实验设计考察了过饱和度、温度与搅拌速度对青霉素亚砜晶体成核和生长过程的影响。研究表明青霉素亚砜晶体生长速率随过饱和度比的增加呈现指数型增长,确定青霉素亚砜晶体生长属于晶体表面生长控制过程。由于高速搅拌会增加青霉素亚砜晶体的破碎,促进了二次成核过程,随着搅拌速度的增加,晶体生长速率出现小幅下滑,而成核速率则明显升高。青霉素亚砜成核与生长动力学研究将有助于工业生产过程优化。     

Extraction of penicillin G from aqueous solutions: Analysis of reaction equilibrium and mass transfer

Analysis of the reaction equilibrium and mass transfer in the extraction of penicillin G (Pen G) into an organic phase is an important research area to develop a cost-effective process for its separation from an aqueous fermentation media. In order to evaluate this, equilibrium experiments were first carried out to select the organic phase (composed of the carrier and solvent) that gives good values for the distribution of penicillin G between the aqueous and organic phases. An organic phase of Amberlite LA-2 in any of the solvents (Shellsol TK/butyl acetate/tributyl phosphate) gave high distribution coefficient and the stoichiometry of the reaction has been shown to follow a simple ratio of 2:2. The performance of the organic phases was evaluated in a membrane contactor and very high percentage extraction was achieved. The extraction was performed by contacting a “feed” solution containing penicillin G (flowing in the fiber side) with an “organic phase” of Amberlite LA-2 in one of the solvents (flowing on the shell side) of the contactor. The antibiotic solutes formed complex with the Amberlite LA-2 molecules which were transported across the fiber wall to the shell side and extracted in the organic phase. The extraction in once-through mode was low and the feed/organic solutions need to be recycled to increase the percentage extraction. In the recycle mode operated at flow rates of 3.6–4.4 mL/s, an extraction of 90–98% was achieved. A simple mathematical model and its semi-analytical solution presented here can be used to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient using the experimental values of the distribution coefficient, operating parameters and the dimensions of the membrane module.     

Kinetics modeling of microemulsion copolymerization

Summary A mathematical model for microemulsion copolymerization systems has been developed and compared with experimental conversion vs. time data for the vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate system. The main features of the model include micellar and homogeneous nucleation and thermodynamic equilibrium for the calculation of monomer partitioning between the phases. Simulations were made using this model with reported values for the kinetic parameters except for propagation rate constants in the water phase and radical capture by particles and micelles coefficients which were estimated. Simulations using the model showed good agreement with experimental data.     

Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂用于醋酸仲丁酯加氢制备仲丁醇联产乙醇

采用固定床反应器,研究共沉淀法制备的Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂用于醋酸仲丁酯催化加氢制备仲丁醇联产乙醇的催化性能,并考察反应温度、氢酯物质的量比、反应压力和空速对反应的影响。结果表明,Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂表现出优良的催化性能,在反应温度210℃、氢酯物质的量比15、反应压力4.0MPa和空速1.0h-1条件下,醋酸仲丁酯转化率大于99%,仲丁醇选择性大于99%,乙醇选择性大于97%。推测Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂上醋酸仲丁酯加氢制备仲丁醇联产乙醇的反应网络,仲丁醇与乙醇的脱氢反应和脱水反应、烯烃饱和加氢反应和酯交换反应是该体系在Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂上存在的主要副反应。