首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We used an experimental design (Scheffe simplex-centroid design) to examine ingredient interactions in food protein mixtures and their effects on functional properties. A defined and limited number of milk, albumen, and egg yolk blends were made and evaluated for heat gelation properties and for emulsifying and foaming capacity and stability. The method accounted for nonlinear interactions between the ingredients. Synergistic effects were revealed on heat gelation and emulsifying properties but antagonistic effects for foaming properties were noted.  相似文献   

2.
蛋清粉作为一类干燥的蛋制品,既保有了蛋清蛋白优良的功能特性,同时规避了液蛋制品难贮藏、难运输的固有弊端,因而用途十分广泛。为了进一步满足市场对高凝胶性蛋清粉的需求,国内外研究者对此做了大量的工作。本文从蛋清蛋白的组成着手,阐述了蛋清蛋白凝胶性能的影响机理,着重对蛋清粉凝胶特性的改性研究进展进行了综述,以期为丰富食品蛋白质凝胶化理论研究以及拓展蛋清粉高效应用提供参考。   相似文献   

3.
4.
研究了不同强度的热处理(处理温度59、62、65、68℃,处理时间0~9 min)对鸡蛋蛋黄上清和颗粒的蛋白质组成、溶解性、乳化性和游离巯基含量的影响。结果表明:蛋黄上清中的γ-卵黄蛋白和蛋黄颗粒中的部分高密度脂蛋白在加热处理过程中发生变性形成大分子聚集体,加热处理对蛋黄上清蛋白质溶解度的影响大于对蛋黄颗粒的影响,温和的热处理对蛋黄上清与颗粒的乳化性质均没有显著影响,68℃处理较长时间会使蛋黄上清与颗粒的乳化活力下降,乳化稳定性提高。热处理过程中蛋黄上清和颗粒的游离巯基含量变化均未表现出明显的规律性。  相似文献   

5.
陈常秀 《食品科学》2010,31(24):453-456
通过对新鲜鸡蛋涂擦不同质量浓度的壳聚糖溶液,旨在研究壳聚糖对鸡蛋品质的影响。试验将300 枚新鲜鸡蛋随机分成6 组,分别涂上0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0g/100mL 和2.5g/100mL 壳聚糖溶液,25℃条件下贮存5周。每周从每个处理中取10 枚鸡蛋测定鸡蛋失重率、哈夫单位、蛋黄指数和蛋清pH 值。结果表明,第5 周与第1 周相比,不涂壳聚糖的鸡蛋失重率和蛋清pH 值显著升高(P < 0.05)、哈夫单位和蛋黄指数显著低(P < 0.05) 。5 周时,与不涂壳聚糖的鸡蛋相比,所有涂壳聚糖的鸡蛋失重率显著降低(P < 0.05),蛋黄指数显著升高(P < 0.05);涂1.0、1.5、2.0g/100mL 和2.5g/100mL 壳聚糖的鸡蛋哈夫单位显著升高(P < 0.05),蛋清pH 值显著降低(P < 0.05);涂1.5、2.0g/100mL 和2.5g/100mL 壳聚糖的鸡蛋间比较,蛋质量损失率、哈夫单位、蛋黄指数和蛋清pH 值差异均不显著(P > 0.05)。用0.5g/100mL 壳聚糖涂擦的鸡蛋5 周时降到C 级,相当于不涂壳聚糖的鸡蛋3 周时的级别;用1.0、1.5、2.0g/100mL 和2.5g/100mL 壳聚糖处理的鸡蛋5 周时降到B 级,相当于不用壳聚糖处理的鸡蛋2 周时的级别。该实验证明壳聚糖能够延长鸡蛋货架期。  相似文献   

6.
稻秸灰水提物对咸蛋黄理化特性的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本研究将稻秸灰水提物与食盐混合配制腌制液腌制咸蛋,并比较了食盐水腌制和水提物腌制对咸蛋黄含盐量、含水量、出油率、流变特性、质构特性、蛋白结构的影响,研究表明:由于盐类的进入和油脂渗出,蛋黄的质构特性如:硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性呈先增大后减小的趋势(p0.05),其中水提物组硬度从272.89 g增至最大值458.65 g后又逐渐降至228.87 g。流变学结果显示蛋黄弹性模量和粘性模量均显著增大。水提物组蛋黄蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋在25d时显著减少至12.36%(p0.05),β-折叠在25d时显著增大至41.71%(p0.05)。SDS-PAGE表明水提物的加入不会影响蛋黄蛋白质肽链结构。水提物组咸蛋黄的出油率达到20.12%,较盐水组高,出油率是评价咸蛋品质的一个重要指标。此研究既优化了传统草木灰包裹法工艺又保持着草木灰咸蛋的优良品质,为咸蛋腌制提供了一种新思路。  相似文献   

7.
为研究从蛋黄中依次提取卵黄免疫球蛋白、卵黄高磷蛋白、蛋黄油、卵磷脂4 种活性物质的最佳工艺条件,对4 种活性物质的提取量测定。结果表明:5 g 蛋黄液用8 倍蒸馏水稀释,调pH 值为5.0,4 500×g 离心35 min,上清液分别用70%、30%硫酸铵两次盐析,为提取卵黄免疫球蛋白的最佳工艺条件,可得到33.3 mg 的卵黄免疫球蛋白,回收率91.44%,活性70.44%;沉淀物加入6 倍体积的95%乙醇和正己烷(体积比1∶1)混合有机溶剂3 000×g 离心20 min,下层胶状物加1.75 mol/L 的NaCl 溶液,加热、过滤、透析、冻干,为提取卵黄高磷蛋白的最佳工艺条件,可得49.95 mg 卵黄高磷蛋白,回收率为83%;上层油状物旋转蒸发,收集产物加入丙酮,3 000×g 离心20 min,其上层液体再旋转蒸发去除丙酮,可得蛋黄油0.97 g;下层沉淀用丙酮纯化后,真空干燥,得卵磷脂0.53 g。  相似文献   

8.
    
ABSTRACT: The foaming properties of egg albumen, which had been subjected to low and high pH unfolding followed by refolding, were investigated. The foaming capacity of egg albumen, the stability of the foam, or both, could be improved by an unfolding and refolding regime by choosing proper unfolding and refolding pH values. The foaming capacities of egg albumen were greatly improved when the refolding was at pH 6.5, 7.5, or 8.5, whereas the foaming capacities could be either slightly increased or decreased when the refolding was at pH 4.5 or 5.5 compared with the controls. The foam stability was in almost all cases improved by the unfolding and refolding treatments except for a few cases of unfolding at pH 1.5 or 10.5. The foam stability and liquid drainage were improved most when the unfolding was at pH 12.5. Analysis of total and surface sulfhydryl groups, surface hydrophobicity, and protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) provided strong evidence that the partial unfolding of egg albumen proteins as well as the interactions among egg albumen proteins through disulfide and/or hydrophobic groups dictated the improvements in foaming properties. The increase in surface hydrophobicity showed better correlation with the improvement of foaming properties than the change of surface sulfhydryl content did.  相似文献   

9.
以蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋液为原料,研究蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋蛋白热诱导凝胶的形成能力以及蛋白质量浓度对蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋蛋白热诱导凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋形成热诱导凝胶的最低蛋白质量浓度分别为50、55、50mg/mL;在50~135mg/mL范围内,随蛋白质量浓度的增加,蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋蛋白的凝胶强度和保水性不断增大,蒸煮损失整体呈下降趋势;蛋白质量浓度对蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋凝胶的弹性也有显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
    
Egg yolk is an essential ingredient for many food products due to its excellent functional properties such as emulsification. However, the consumers’ concern of its cholesterol level has led food industry to seek solutions for its replacement. Utilization of low‐fat egg yolk granules as emulsifier can be an alternative strategy. In this study, granules with low cholesterol content were separated from egg yolk by a simple method under easily scalable centrifugal conditions. The egg yolk granules isolated within 0.17 M NaCl solution achieved a 22.5% yield that was similar to that using higher centrifugation speeds and longer time. The yield of egg yolk granules increased from 25% to 32% when the yolk:water ratio was changed from 1:1 to 1:2. Mayonnaise was prepared to evaluate the emulsifying capacity of the egg yolk granules. It was found that egg yolk granules exhibited similar emulsifying activity as that of whole egg yolk, but a better emulsion stabilizing property that is evidenced by the higher viscosity of mayonnaise prepared with the granules. In addition, the viscosities of mayonnaise prepared by spray dried yolk and granules were slightly higher than the liquid counterpart, showing a further improvement by spray drying on the emulsion stabilizing properties. The mechanical spectra of mayonnaise samples by frequency sweep also suggested that granules favored the formation of stronger 3‐dimensional arrangements of oil droplets and therefore a more stable emulsion. Results suggest that granules isolated within 0.17 M NaCl solution present best emulsifying properties and can be applied as whole yolk replacer in food emulsions.  相似文献   

11.
    
Cold and immobilization stressors can generate oxidative stress as well as skeletal muscle fatigue. Free radicals cause oxidative degradation of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates molecules thereby compromising cell integrity and function. Coturnix japonica (quail) egg had been described as being very functional biochemically, due to the essential biomolecules it contains in very regulated quantity. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of quail egg yolk and the albumen. The assessment of the antioxidant potentials was typified using the total antioxidant capacity, and ABTS, DPPH (1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities. Others are reducing power, metal chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The antistress activities of quail egg yolk and albumen were evaluated on hepatopathic enzymes as well as endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The total antioxidant activities of the yolk extract (YE) and the albumen extracts (AE) were, respectively, 186.57 ± 6.441 mg/g and 172 ± 10.690 mg/g AAE (Ascorbic Acid Equivalent). The YE exhibited significant, potent and appreciable antioxidant activities than AE in a concentration‐dependent manner. The study confirmed that quail egg yolk contained highly antioxidative bioactive compounds not present in albumen, contributing to its (yolk) overall antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory (antistress) properties, thus necessitating their (albumen and yolk) beneficial effects in the management of oxidative and inflammatory conditions.  相似文献   

12.
以蛋黄免疫球蛋白提取后的副产物-冻融蛋黄颗粒(FYP)为原料,经酶解和亚临界萃取后制备具有良好功能特性与品质的低脂蛋黄粉和蛋黄油,以期实现蛋黄资源的综合利用。首先采用蛋白酶对已发生变性的FYP进行酶解,研究酶解对其功能性质的改善效果,进而采用亚临界萃取低脂蛋黄粉和副产物蛋黄油,以低脂蛋黄粉的残油率为主要指标对萃取工艺进行优化,最终选择丙烷为萃取溶剂,萃取温度35 ℃,压力1.5 MPa,时间120 min,料液质量体积比1 g∶ 7 mL。进一步对低脂蛋黄粉的溶解性和乳化性等特性进行分析。结果表明,随着加酶量的增加,低脂蛋黄粉的溶解度上升,乳化性能提高,残油率明显下降。当加酶量为1 000 U/g时,低脂蛋黄粉的残油率为15.50%。而进一步增加酶添加量,反而会降低油脂萃取效率。因此,酶的最适添加量为1 000 U/g,此条件下制得的低脂蛋黄粉含脂量低且具有较好的溶解性和乳化性。  相似文献   

13.
孙汉巨  丁琦  周鲜艳 《食品科学》2010,31(18):437-440
采用5% 醋酸浸泡鸭蛋,溶解蛋壳外膜,增加蛋壳的通透性。再采用分步式腌制工艺,既先用饱和食盐水腌制,再用10g/100mL 和15g/100mL 食盐溶液腌制。并考察腌制过程中鸭蛋的含油量、含盐量及蛋黄指数的变化。结果表明:醋酸浸泡的鸭蛋先用饱和食盐水腌制11d,再在10g/100mL 和15g/100mL 食盐溶液中腌制7d 左右,咸鸭蛋的品质不仅良好,而且腌制时间比传统工艺缩短两周左右。  相似文献   

14.
咸鸭蛋快速腌制工艺优化研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过研究在不同压力、温度及酒精浓度的腌制条件下,鸭蛋腌制过程中的含盐量、蛋黄指数、含油量和蛋清pH值及黏度的变化,得出咸蛋生产周期与压力、温度及酒精浓度的关系。并根据正交试验优化生产工艺,得出了一种缩短咸鸭蛋加工周期的方法:在压力0.13MPa,温度35℃,酒浓度5%条件下腌制约5d左右即成熟。  相似文献   

15.
本文以25℃下二氧化碳气调贮藏实验组和不作特殊处理对照组鸡蛋为研究对象,分别贮藏0、10、20、30、40 d,测定其新鲜度,并利用低场核磁共振分析仪测定蛋清水分情况及横向弛豫时间,探究在不同贮藏条件下,蛋清水分状态变化和迁移的规律。结果表明,贮藏过程中,实验组不易流动水含量无显著变化,T23显著升高(p<0.05);而对照组不易流动水含量显著上升(p<0.05),T23显著降低(p<0.05),说明二氧化碳气调贮藏可以抑制蛋白质结合水能力的降低。通过相关性分析可知,实验组T22值与哈夫单位和蛋黄指数相关系数为-0.998(p<0.05)和+0.997(p<0.05),对照组T22值与蛋清p H相关系数为+1.000(p<0.01),表明T22可预测鸡蛋的新鲜度。   相似文献   

16.
文章介绍了蛋黄凝胶形成机理及其特点,综述了不同影响因素在蛋黄凝胶形成中的作用,阐述了蛋黄凝胶常用的改善方法,并对其应用进行了展望.  相似文献   

17.
肖中俊 《中国造纸》2012,31(9):45-47
利用放射源Fe-55辐射的X射线灰分传感器检测灰分值,同时考虑纸张中绝干纤维和水分对灰分测量值的影响,结合测定的定量和水分测量值,通过数据处理实现灰分检测的校正补偿。补偿后的灰分值作为灰分控制的反馈量与灰分给定进行比较获取灰分偏差,以此为依据调节加填填料的流量阀开度,实现灰分自动控制。  相似文献   

18.
以脱脂蛋黄粉为原料,采用柱层析法制备供注射用富含卵磷脂蛋黄磷脂,对所得产品进行详细分析测试,其各项指标均符合我国药典质量标准,并与国外同类产品进行比较。  相似文献   

19.
糙米储藏水分对糊化特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宋伟  刘璐  支永海  陈瑞 《食品工业科技》2011,(11):384-386,413
对13.5%、14.5%、15.5%、16.5%水分条件下储藏的糙米进行定期的RVA测定,糙米放入温度设定为25℃的恒温箱中储藏,储藏时间为6个月,每30d检测一次。结果表明:不同水分储藏样品的峰值粘度随着储藏时间延长不断增加,储藏水分越高,峰值粘度上升越快;水分、时间对峰值粘度影响极显著(p〈0.01);峰值粘度与储藏时间、水分呈极显著二元线性关系。储藏样品的最低粘度随着储藏时间延长不断增加,水分含量越高最低粘度越高;水分、时间影响极显著;最低粘度与储藏时间、水分呈极显著二元线性关系。不同水分储藏样品的崩解值随着储藏时间延长变化不同;水分、时间影响显著性分别为0.029、0.000;回归方程显示,低水分储藏崩解值随着储藏时间延长而升高,高水分储藏崩解值与时间则成显著一元二次方程的关系。水分、时间对最终粘度影响显著性为0.000;最终粘度随时间、水分变化经曲线拟合呈显著二元线性关系,回归方程显著。储藏期间,糙米回生值随时间延长显著上升,储藏后期趋于下降;方差分析显示时间对回生值影响极显著,水分影响不显著,不同水分样品与储藏时间均呈极显著一元二次方程关系。含水率越高,糙米食味品质保持越好。  相似文献   

20.
    
Salted egg yolks have a tender, loose, gritty, and oily texture and are commonly employed as fillings in baked goods. This study investigated the formation mechanism of egg yolk gels using three different pickling methods: NaCl, sucrose, and mixed groups. The results revealed that of these pickling methods, egg yolks pickled with the mixture had the lowest moisture content (11.59% at 25°C and 10.21% at 45°C), almost no free water content, and the highest hardness (19.11 N at 25°C and 31.01 N at 45°C). Intermolecular force measurements indicated that pickling with the mixture mitigated the surface hardening effect of sucrose and facilitated protein cross-linking. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy of the egg yolk gels pickled with the mixture displayed macromolecular aggregates and oil exudation, suggesting that this method partially disrupted the lipoprotein structure and notably promoted yolk protein aggregation and lipid release. Overall, egg yolks formed a dense gel via the mixed pickling method owing to the ionic concentration and dehydration effects. These findings show the impact of NaCl and sucrose in pickling egg yolks, providing a crucial foundation for developing innovative and desirable egg yolk products.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号