离子液体作为绿色介质应用于盐湖卤水中锂提取的研究

离子液体是一种绿色溶剂,它作为萃取介质可避免传统湿法冶金因有机溶剂挥发产生的环境污染.制备6种1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体,然后以离子液体(IL)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和三氯化铁(FeCl<,3>)分别为萃取介质、萃取剂和协萃剂建立盐湖卤水锂萃取研究模型,以此考察离子液体和萃取条件对锂萃取影响.锂的萃取率随离子液体中烷基碳原子数的增加而增加.但碳原子数超过8的离子液体在室温下呈固态,在萃取过程中出现第三相.因此,1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐被确定为萃取介质.该体系的最佳萃取条件是:TBP/IL:9/1(v/v),水相酸度:0.03 moI·L<'-1>HCl,相比(O/A):1:1和Fe/Li:2:1.在此条件下,锂的单次萃取率和反萃率分别是87%和90%.有机相重复利用十次锂的萃取率变为77%,但水洗有机相去除反萃时带入的HCl锂的萃取率又上升至88%.机制研究表明,Li<'+>与TBP和FeCl<,3>形成极性较小的LiFeCl<,4>·2TBP络合物而被萃取进入有机相,在有机相中加入盐酸因H<'+>极化能力强于Li<'+>而将Li<'+>置换使Li<'+>重新进入水相.LiFeCl<,4>·2TBP在弱极性的离子液体中溶解度优于非极性的溶剂煤油,因此离子液体萃取体系具有更高的锂萃取效率和容量.此外,还进行了盐湖卤水萃取锂的串级实验,结果表明经过三级萃取和二级反萃锂的总提取率大于97%,有机相中镁/锂降低至2.2左右.     

新型萃取剂从废旧CPU中萃取金的性能研究

研究了以新型的醚类有机相GA108为萃取剂,从废旧CPU中萃取金的过程;辅助一些热力学计算,考察分析了萃取时间t、相比O/A、母液氢离子浓度CH+、金离子浓度CAu3+、萃取温度T、萃取级数等萃取条件对GA108萃取性能的影响。结果表明:GA108萃取性能优良,具有快速、高效的萃取特点,3 min即可达到萃取平衡;相比和氢离子浓度分别在O/A=1∶3～1∶2,CH+=0.5～1.5 mol·L-1区间时,萃取性能恶化,应尽量避免该区间;萃取金离子浓度在700～1200 mg·L-1范围内萃取效果最好,实验结果说明,该萃取剂GA108适合高品位金的萃取;萃取反应为放热反应(ΔH=-17.11 kJ·mol-1<0),萃取过程宜在室温下进行;随萃取级数增加,萃取率增大。其最佳萃取条件为:T=25℃,t=3 min,CH+=4 mol·L-1,CAu3+=700～1200 mg·L-1,O/A=2∶1,二级萃取,在此萃取条件下,金萃取率可达到99.7%以上。     

用溶剂萃取法从硫酸镍溶液中去除钙、铁

研究了从某硫化镍精矿高温氧压酸浸液预处理后的溶液中以萃取法去除钙、铁。以P204为萃取剂,磺化煤油为稀释剂,考察了初始水相pH、温度、V_o∶V_a、萃取剂体积分数、振荡时间和萃取级数对萃取除钙、铁的影响。试验确定的最佳条件为:有机相组成20%P204+80%磺化煤油,V_o∶V_a=1∶1,水相初始pH=2.2,温度40℃,振荡时间5min,萃取级数5级。最佳条件下,铁、钙萃取率可达97%以上,除杂效果较好。     

水不溶性稻壳热解油的萃取及组分分析

[目的]研究水不溶性稻壳热解油的组分.[方法]将稻壳热解油和去离子水以1:2(体积比)混合后超声萃取并离心得20.0%(质量比)的水不溶性稻壳热解油,依次以石油醚、二硫化碳、四氯化碳和氯仿为溶剂对其进行了连续萃取,并对所得组分进行了GC/KS分析.[结果]萃取物F<,1>、F<,2>、F<,3>、F<,4>和残渣所占比例分别为5.3%、7.8%、15.9%、37.0%和34.0%,水不溶性稻壳热解油以大极性组分为主;从中共检测到68种化合物.[结论]由于生物油中高舍氧量的特点,推测水不溶性稻壳热解油中大极性组分为高含氧的大分子化合物,有望将之开发成生物油树脂、高分子材料等高附加值产品.     

萃取法从高盐废液中分离铷铯并制备氯化铯产品

采用t-BAMBP－磺化煤油系配置的有机相对含铷、铯的高盐废液进行除钾试验,然后进行萃取分离试验,分别探索了硫酸铝用量与pH对除钾的影响,萃取过程中料液pH、萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、萃取相比、萃取级数对铷、铯萃取率,以及洗涤过程中洗涤相比、洗涤级数对铷铯洗脱率的影响。研究表明,料液pH=12.5、萃取相比O/A=1、选用1 mol/L萃取剂在室温下萃取5 min,铯萃取率可达99.95%。对高盐废液进行11级萃取(6级萃取、3级洗涤、2级反萃)连续试验,有机相中铯萃取率达99%以上,65%的铷留在水相中,可以较好地将铷与铯分离。最终制备出纯度98.3%的氯化铯产品。     

D_2EHDTPA萃取铟的热力学研究

报道了用二 (2 乙基己基 )二硫代磷酸为萃取剂 ,以正庚烷为稀释剂萃取铟的热力学研究。在In2 (SO4 ) 3+Na2 SO4 +D2 EHDTPA +n C7H1 6 +H2 O体系中 ,在温度 2 78.15～ 3 0 3 .15K和离子强度 0 .1～ 2 .0mol·kg- 1 范围内 ,以Na2 SO4 为支持电解质 ,测定了萃取平衡水相中In3+浓度和pH值。计算了萃取反应的标准平衡常数K0 ,并得到经验公式logK0 =43 .93 -5 3 68.5 4 T -0 .0 699T ,同时计算了萃取反应的其他热力学量 ,并指出了焓和熵都是此萃取过程的推动力     

从铅冰铜氧化焙烧产物酸浸液中溶剂萃取铜

研究了用ZJ988萃取剂从铅冰铜氧化焙烧产物的硫酸浸出液中萃取铜,考察了萃原液酸度、有机相组成、相比、混合时间、萃取级数对铜萃取率的影响,以及硫酸浓度、反萃取相比对铜反萃取率的影响。试验结果表明:萃原液酸度对铜萃取率影响明显;在常温、有机相ZJ988体积分数40%、萃原液pH=1.0、相比VO/VA=4/1、混合时间5min、7级萃取条件下,铜萃取率达98.11%;对负载有机相用硫酸溶液反萃取,在硫酸质量浓度240g/L、相比VO/VA=8/1、混合时间3min、2级反萃取条件下,铜反萃取率达94.07%,回收效果较好。     

从含铜铁的生物浸出液中选择性萃取铜的试验研究

本文采用Lix984作萃取剂,从含铜铁的生物浸出液中选择性萃取铜。通过考察溶液pH、相比O／A、初始铜浓度、萃取温度、搅拌速度及搅拌时间、萃取级数等因素对萃取率、分配比、分离系数的影响,结果表明：pH大于2．22,相比O／A=1：1,搅拌速度为200rpm,搅拌时间为4min,萃取级数为3级,铜的萃取率能达到99．8％以上,铜分配比能达到600以上,铁分配比小于1,铜铁分离系数能达到1900以上,同时发现低初始铜浓度及高萃取温度对萃取有利,可见生物浸出液中铜铁能达到很好的分离效果。     

铜再生烟灰浸出液净化试验

铜再生灰浸出液中含有Cu、Zn、Fe、Cd等多种有价金属。采用“Lix984+磺化煤油”有机相从铜再生灰浸出液中萃取分离铜,并采用中和除铁法对萃余液中的铁沉淀分离。探究了萃取级数、萃取相比O/A、萃取剂浓度、水相初始pH、萃取时间对Cu2+与其它金属离子萃取分离的影响,以及溶液pH、反应温度、反应时间对萃铜余液除铁过程的影响。萃铜试验优化条件为：萃取级数2级、萃取相比3︰4、萃取剂浓度15%、萃取时间2 min、萃取初始水相pH=1.5。除铁试验最佳参数为：中和终点pH=4.0、反应温度40 ℃、陈化时间1 h。在最佳条件下,Cu的萃取率为99.12%,与Zn、Cd、Fe的分离系数分别为1 317.9、1 178.7和651,实现Cu与其它金属的有效分离。萃铜余液除铁率达99.67%,除铁后液满足锌电解液对Fe浓度的要求。     

硫磷混酸体系中钒的萃取实验研究

以某高磷钒矿直接活化硫酸浸出并经预净化的溶液作为研究对象,用N263进行萃取反萃后经过直接沉钒,制得V2O5产品.实验主要研究了水相平衡pH、萃取剂浓度、添加剂浓度、相比、逆流萃取及反萃级数对硫磷混酸体系中钒萃取率的影响.实验确定了N263最佳萃取工艺条件:有机相浓度取15%N263-5%仲辛醇-磺化煤油,O/A=1:3,常温振荡10 min,常温静置10 min,萃取平衡pH=2,经5级逆流萃取,钒的萃取率可达99.51%;最佳反萃工艺条件:反萃剂浓度取1 mol·L-1 NH4 OH4 mol·L-1 NaCl,O/A=3:1,常温振荡10 min,常温静置10 min,反萃平衡pH=8.5,经4级逆流反萃,钒的反萃率可达99.58%;经直接沉钒所得V2O5产品质量达到99.54%,符合GB3283-87V2O598质量要求.     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.