TA32钛合金板材的超塑性能研究

研究了真空环境中TA32钛合金板材在温度950℃、应变速率5.32×10^-4~2.08×10^-2 s^-1条件下的超塑性变形行为。结果表明,在不同应变速率条件下,合金的流变应力曲线特征和显微组织演变显著不同。在应变速率较低(5.32×10^-4~3.33×10^-3 s^-1)条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线呈传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征,变形后的合金中初生α相晶粒尺寸较大;在高应变速率(8.31×10^-3 s^-1~2.08×10^-2 s^-1)条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线中流变应力增大到峰值后快速单调递减直至试样断裂,合金变形过程中初生α相发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸较低应变速率条件下显著细化。950℃时,TA32钛合金板材均具有超塑性变形能力,超塑性延伸率在145%~519%之间;当应变速率为5.32×10^-4 s^-1时,具有最佳的超塑性,拉伸延伸率可达519%。断裂区形貌分析发现,TA32钛合金板材的超塑性断裂模式为空洞聚集-连接-长大型断裂。     

TA15钛合金超塑性变形时的组织演变

研究了TA15钛合金超塑性变形后显微组织的演变及变形条件对超塑性变形行为的影响。结果表明:在变形温度为850~950℃、应变速率为1×10-4~1×10-3s-1超塑性拉伸时,TA15钛合金表现出良好的超塑性变形性能,且在900℃,5.5×10-4s-1变形条件下,延伸率最大为803.3%。在应变速率不变的条件下,随着变形温度的升高,α相晶粒尺寸增大,β相含量增加,晶粒仍保持细小、等轴状态。在变形温度一定时,随着应变速率的降低,α相晶粒尺寸增大,β相含量增加。同时变形程度对显微组织有显著影响,拉伸后不同部位的显微组织均有一定程度的粗化,变形程度越大,晶粒粗化的越明显,并伴有α相到β相的转变。变形过程中,加工硬化与变形软化相互竞争,表现为传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征。     

不同应变速率下CT20钛合金孪生变形行为

在300 K及20 K、不同应变速率下对CT20钛合金板材进行单向拉伸,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜等观察拉伸应变组织及断口形貌,揭示了应变速率对CT20钛合金孪生变形行为的影响规律。结果表明:在300 K下,应变速率的提高使CT20钛合金板材的强度提高,延伸率降低;20 K下,应变速率的提高使CT20钛合金板材的强度和延伸率均下降。在300 K、应变速率高于6.67×10-1s-1和20 K、应变速率低于6.67×10-3s-1的条件下,CT20钛合金板材的变形均为滑移和孪生共同作用。20 K下,CT20钛合金拉伸应变速率超过6.67×10-3s-1时,孪生变形受到抑制,材料的延伸率迅速降低。     

Ti-55钛合金板材的超塑性变形及组织演变

研究了Ti-55钛合金板材在应变速率为8.30×10~(-4)～1.32×10~(-2)s~(-1)、变形温度885～935℃条件下的超塑性拉伸变形行为和显微组织演化。结果表明:细晶Ti-55钛合金板材表现出良好的超塑性,在温度925℃和应变速率为6.64×10~(-3)s~(-1)条件下,最大延伸率可达987%,即使在1.32×10~(-2)s~(-1)的高应变速率条件下也获得了872%的断裂延伸率。在应变速率不变的条件下,变形温度的升高,动态再结晶程度增大,有利于细小等轴的α相晶粒发生相转变。变形速率的不断降低,α相晶粒容易聚集并长大,α相含量减少,β相含量增加,材料塑性反而有所下降。此外,在超塑性变形的过程中,变形区域晶粒长大速度要大于夹头区域,随着变形程度的增大,α相的含量也随之减少,Ti-55材料的变形能够促使晶粒的聚合长大和α相的相转变。     

TA15钛合金板材单向拉伸超塑变形行为研究

采用TA15钛合金板材,研究了在860～980℃,8.3×10-4～1.7×10-3s-1条件下进行的超塑拉伸性能。结果标明:随着变形温度的升高,延伸率先增加后降低;在940℃、应变速率为1.7×10-3s-1、垂直轧制方向获得最大延伸率为1370%。随着变形温度的升高和拉伸速度的降低,等轴α晶粒尺寸增大。变形温度为940℃时诱发次生α相的析出,少量的层片组织对提高延伸率具有一定的作用。     

置氢Ti-6Al-4V钛合金超塑性研究

通过采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机进行超塑性变形试验,研究变形温度和应变速率对置氢TC4合金超塑变形性能的影响,利用XRD,SEM和TEM分析热氢处理改善钛合金超塑性能的机制.结果表明:置氢可降低超塑成形流变应力、变形温度,提高应变速率和m值;但只有适量的氢才有利于改善钛合金超塑性,即存在一个最佳置氢量;置氢0.35%H(质量分数)的TC4合金在800℃和3×10-3 s-1条件下仍有一定超塑性.分析表明,置氢钛合金超塑变形过程除晶粒转动和滑动机制外,位错滑移和孪生也作为辅助超塑变形机制.     

细晶Ti-6Al-4V合金的超塑性变形行为与组织演变

对不同温度下退火处理后的细晶TC4合金板材进行超塑性拉伸变形,研究该合金在750~850℃,应变速率为3×10-4~1×10-3 s-1条件下的超塑性拉伸变形行为,分析晶粒尺寸、变形温度和β相含量对合金性能的影响。结果表明:退火后的(α+β)型细晶Ti-6Al-4V合金表现出良好的超塑性,并且晶粒越细,最佳超塑性变形温度越低。晶粒直径为2.5μm、β相含量(体积分数)为9.6%的TC4合金在温度为800℃、应变速率为1×10-3 s-1的变形条件下,伸长率最大,达到862%。不同晶粒度合金的应变速率敏感系数m均随变形温度升高先上升后下降,最高达0.61。β晶粒处于α晶粒三叉晶界处,升温或拉伸变形时聚集并沿α晶界长大,形成细长的β晶粒并逐渐变粗大,因此在900℃以上高温下合金的超塑性变形能力降低。     

铸轧AZ31镁合金的高温拉伸性能

研究了铸轧AZ31镁合金的高温拉伸性能和变形机制.在300~450℃条件下,分别以恒定拉伸速率10-3 s-1和10-2 s-1进行拉伸至失效试验,在真实应变率为2×10-4~2×10-2 s-1的范围内进行变应变率拉伸试验.当拉伸速率为10-2s-1时,试样在400℃和450℃的延伸率均超过100%;当拉伸速率为10-3 s-1时,试样在400℃和450℃的延伸率均超过200%,该条件下的应力指数n≈3,蠕变激活能Q=148.77 kJ·mol-1,变形机制为溶质牵制位错蠕变和晶界滑移的协调机制.通过光学金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察显示试样断口处存在由于发生动态再结晶和晶粒长大而形成的粗大晶粒,断裂形式为空洞长大并连接导致的韧性断裂.      

TNW700高温钛合金板材超塑变形行为研究

TNW700钛合金是我国自主研发的近α型、可在700℃短时使用的高温钛合金。针对TNW700合金板材在温度为890~950℃、恒应变速率为0.0100~0.0005 s~(-1)下的单向超塑拉伸变形行为进行了研究,利用Zener-Hollomn参数和Arrhenius方程建立了TNW700钛合金的峰值应力本构方程。结果表明:TNW700钛合金的超塑性变形行为与普通钛合金不同,其加工硬化阶段较长,且温度越高、应变速率越低,动态硬化的效果更加明显,远高于再结晶软化程度,晶粒尺寸的增加是导致加工硬化的主要原因。在950℃,0.0005 s~(-1)条件下获得的最大延伸率为933%。所建立的峰值应力方程为σ_p=17.414[1.047(lnε+540210/RT)-46.587],其变形激活能Q=540.21 k J·mol~(-1)。在较低温度条件下变形,在断口附近由于应变速率高和变形温度低的双重作用在晶界三角区产生应力集中使晶界滑移变得困难而导致有孔洞产生。随着变形温度的升高,β相含量和尺寸逐渐增加,高温、高应变速率条件下有次生α相析出,采用电子探针分析(EPMA)发现β晶粒微区成分的变化是次生α相产生的主要原因。     

细晶TA15钛合金板材制备工艺及其超塑性研究

研究了β淬火和换向轧制对TA15钛合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对显微组织最为均匀细小的板材进行了超塑性能测试。结果表明,增加β淬火工艺,可以提高板材显微组织的均匀性,细化晶粒尺寸,提高板材的室温拉伸强度;采用换向轧制工艺,能够显著减小横纵向组织差异,提高组织均匀性,使板材横纵向性能差异减小;对同时采用β淬火和换向轧制工艺制备的板材进行超塑性拉伸试验,在850~920℃、0.001~0.01 s-1试验条件下,板材具有良好的超塑性能,且超塑性能对拉伸温度和拉伸应变速率均较为敏感。不同的应变速率下,温度对超塑性能的影响规律不同。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.