Al/Ni粉末复合材料冲击反应细观机制

为阐明含能结构材料冲击反应机理,开展以Al/Ni粉末复合材料为代表的含能结构材料冲击反应细观模拟研究。基于Al/Ni粉末复合材料的扫描电镜照片建立细观有限元模型,并结合Mie-Grüneisen状态方程描述Al/Ni粉末复合材料冲击压缩行为。在此基础上,基于反应扩散模型建立考虑多组分固相反应的Al/Ni粉末复合材料冲击反应细观模型,分析细观尺度上物质输运过程、冲击反应演化规律及冲击波传播特性。研究结果表明：Al/Ni粉末复合材料在冲击压缩速度(即粒子速度)为400 m/s时仅发生了微弱的化学反应,且化学反应程度随着冲击压缩速度的增大的加剧;化学反应最初发生于Al-Ni界面处,然后垂直于界面发展;冲击反应将引起材料冲击温度和压力的增高,同时对冲击波的传播起到强化作用。     

Al/W/PTFE粒径级配关系对材料强度影响的实验研究

Al/W/PTFE是一种具有冲击释能和强度特性的新型含能结构材料,为研究其宏观强度受材料组分配比、颗粒尺寸、级配关系的影响,基于准静态压缩实验,获取不同方案下Al/W/PTFE试件的应力-应变曲线,通过对比分析得到材料组分、颗粒级配关系对强度的影响规律。结果表明,颗粒尺寸级配关系是决定Al/W/PTFE材料强度的关键,尺寸相近的颗粒级配关系呈更高的材料宏观强度。     

Al/PTFE/W反应材料的准静态压缩性能与冲击释能特性

为了提高铝/聚四氟乙烯/钨(Al/PTFE/W)氟聚物基反应材料的冲击反应毁伤效能,开展了Al/PTFE/W反应材料的准静态压缩实验。分析了W的含量(0%,30%,65%)、Al颗粒粒径(13,45,75μm)以及PTFE颗粒尺寸(25,160μm)对反应材料的准静态力学性能的影响。用准静态密闭反应容器对反应材料进行了冲击释能测试,测得反应材料在750~1200 m·s~(-1)的冲击反应压力、释能持续时间。分析了Al颗粒粒径及PTFE材料粒径对冲击反应释能特性的影响。结果表明,当W的含量为0,30%和65%时,反应材料的失效强度分别为55.6、64.8和22.8 MPa,W的含量变化对屈服强度的影响不大。Al颗粒的尺寸从75μm减小到13μm时,反应材料的失效强度从64.7 MPa提高到83.1 MPa,提高幅度为28.4%。增大PTFE基体材料的粒径也可有效地提高反应材料的失效强度。反应材料的初始反应压力阈值和释放能量持续时间受材料粒径和准静态压缩力学性能的影响。     

不同PTFE含量对PTFE/Al/MnO_2反应材料性能的影响

为研究聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)含量对PTFE/Al/MnO_2反应材料的压缩力学性能和冲击反应特性的影响,使用模压烧结法制备了3种PTFE/Al/MnO_2复合材料,并进行了表征。结果表明:在准静态压缩条件下,含40%PTFE的复合材料强度仅为16MPa,经历弹性形变后很快失效。而加入60%和80%PTFE的复合材料在经过弹性阶段后,材料强度达到87MPa和93MPa;在落锤冲击条件下,加入40%和60%PTFE后,PTFE/Al/MnO_2材料能够发生剧烈爆炸和燃烧,并伴随着高温熔渣喷射现象,而80%的PTFE加入后材料反应十分微弱。     

编织复合材料弹道冲击破坏形态及模式

通过观测 1 2× 4型和 1 2× 6型两种厚度 Twaron/环氧四步法三维编织复合材料在 3 0 0～ 70 0 m/ s速度范围内弹道冲击破坏的宏观形态和细观形态 ,发现复合材料在受弹道冲击的入射面以纤维和基体剪切、压缩破坏为主要破坏模式 ,出射面以纤维拉伸破坏为主要破坏模式 .在三维编织复合材料弹道冲击破坏分析计算中 ,破坏模式的确立可使破坏准则的选择更准确合理 ,对进一步改进复合材料抗弹靶体的结构设计和材料设计有指导作用     

Al/Fe2O3/PTFE材料压缩力学性能与冲击反应特性

为研究铝/三氧化二铁/聚四氟乙烯(Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE)材料在准静态压缩情况下的力学性能和落锤冲击条件下的反应特性,在Al/Fe_2O_3基础上加入不同体积分数的PTFE作为粘合剂,制备了多功能结构性Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE含能材料,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对材料进行了表征。结果表明,在准静态压缩条件下,随着PTFE含量的增加,材料的压缩强度、应变硬化模量、屈服强度、密度以及最大真实应变逐渐增大。当PTFE体积分数由40%增加到80%时,复合材料的强度由16 MPa逐渐上升到87 MPa。在落锤冲击条件下,PTFE体积分数为40%和60%的Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE复合材料均能在落锤冲击下发生剧烈爆炸和燃烧,而加入80%PTFE的复合材料在高速摄影下也仅观察到微弱的火星,反应十分微弱。随着PTFE的增加,复合材料的感度逐渐降低,特性落高分别为55,58 cm和85 cm,发火延时分别为50,100μs和200μs。40%PTFE含量的Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE复合材料落锤冲击后产物为AlF_3、Al_2O_3、FeF_2和炭黑,证实了铝热反应的发生,FeF_2不是PTFE与Fe_2O_3反应的产物,而是由铝热反应产生的Fe与PTFE分解产物之间的化学反应产生的。     

不连续碳化硅增强铝基复合材料组织特性研究

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对粉末冶金法制备的碳化硅晶须(SiC_w)与碳化硅颗粒(SiC_p)增强的各种铝合金基体复合材料的显微组织和断口形貌进行了系统的观察与研究。研究结果表明:碳化硅晶须与碳化硅颗粒在基体中分布均匀,与基体界面结合良好,无明显的缺陷存在。增强后基体的显微组织与未增强合金组织基本相同。SiC_w/Al和SiC_p/Al复合材料的断口在宏观上因塑性较差而呈现脆性形貌,但在微观上仍具有塑性特征。     

含孔隙富铝聚四氟乙烯/铝含能材料冲击温升规律

为研究孔隙度对富铝含量聚四氟乙烯/铝(PTFE/Al)含能材料冲击温升效应的影响,采用考虑熔化效应的一维粘塑性孔洞塌缩模型,对该材料的冲击温升进行了理论分析.建立孔隙度分别为10％、20％、30％的富铝PTFE/Al细观离散化模型,并借助非线性动力有限元软件AUTO-DYN开展细观数值模拟,对冲击加载下含孔隙富铝PTF...     

稀疏颗粒增强镍基复合材料的应力场及损伤分析

陶瓷颗粒增强镍基合金复合材料是一种性能优良的复合材料,它能够将增强相和基体的性能相结合。应用细观力学和有限元理论将复合材料简化为含两个陶瓷颗粒的单胞,对材料单向拉伸下的应力场进行模拟,分析其应力的分布情况和复合材料的性能特征。结果表明,单胞中的应力是不均匀的,高刚度颗粒的界面附近应力最大并将首先破坏。最后利用单元消去技术模拟材料开裂情况下的应力场变化及裂纹扩展路径。研究对于理论分析和实验具有一定的参考和指导作用。     

搅拌温度对双粒径混合SiCp/ZL107复合材料的影响

采用搅拌熔铸法制备双粒径SiCp/Al复合材料,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、电子万能试验机研究搅拌温度对复合材料的微观结构以及力学特性的影响。结果表明：SiC含量随着搅拌温度的升高而增加,在585℃两种粒径混合的SiC颗粒弥散分布在基体上,随温度继续升高,基体出现明显的贫SiC区域;复合材料的抗压强度、抗弯强度以及最大弯曲挠度均随着搅拌温度的升高先增大后减小,在585℃达到最大值,力学特性较纯铝、单一粒径的SiCp/ZL107复合材料有明显提高。SiC颗粒的分布以及界面结合强度决定复合材料的断裂机制。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.